Scribd
Upload
11 views3 pages

Discourse On The Content and Context of Some Primary Sources in Philippine History

The document discusses the importance of primary and secondary sources in historical research, defining their characteristics and providing examples from Philippine history. It highlights the significance of internal and external criticisms in validating historical documents and explores the roles of the Propaganda Movement and the Katipunan in the fight against Spanish rule. Key figures such as José Rizal and Andrés Bonifacio are mentioned, along with the impact of their actions on Philippine independence.

Uploaded by

salcedocentralumc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views3 pages

Discourse On The Content and Context of Some Primary Sources in Philippine History

The document discusses the importance of primary and secondary sources in historical research, defining their characteristics and providing examples from Philippine history. It highlights the significance of internal and external criticisms in validating historical documents and explores the roles of the Propaganda Movement and the Katipunan in the fight against Spanish rule. Key figures such as José Rizal and Andrés Bonifacio are mentioned, along with the impact of their actions on Philippine independence.

Uploaded by

salcedocentralumc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

DISCOURSE ON THE CONTENT AND CONTEXT OF SOME

PRIMARY SOURCES IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

I. Primary and Secondary Sources in History

A. Definition and Importance


• Historical research relies on various sources to reconstruct the past.
• Sources are categorized into:
• Primary Sources – Direct, firsthand evidence about an event or person.
• Secondary Sources – Interpretations and analyses based on primary
sources.

B. Categories of Historical Sources


Written Sources
• Literary – Subjective interpretations by authors.
• Official – Documents created for transactions or legal purposes.

Traditional Sources
• Folklore, oral traditions, epics, indigenous materials.

Material Objects
• Artifacts like money, weapons, church bells.

C. Characteristics of Primary Sources


• Can be written (e.g., letters, newspapers, legal documents) or non-written
(e.g., art, oral accounts, artifacts).
• Often found in archives, libraries, and museums.
• Provide direct insight into historical events.

D. Characteristics of Secondary Sources


• Interpret or analyze primary sources.
• Examples: Research papers, textbooks, documentaries.
• Often used to develop historical narratives.

II. Distinction Between Primary and Secondary Sources

A. Definition and Key Differences


• Primary Sources – Original materials that provide direct evidence.
• Secondary Sources – Accounts or analyses that use primary sources.

B. Example in Philippine History


• A letter written by Dr. José Rizal (1861–1896) is a primary source.
• A book analyzing Rizal’s ideas is a secondary source.
C. Importance of Using Both Sources
• Primary sources offer authenticity but require interpretation.
• Secondary sources help provide context and analysis.

III. Internal and External Criticisms

A. Definition and Role in Historical Research


• Internal Criticism – Examining the content of a document for accuracy and
reliability.
• External Criticism – Assessing the authenticity of a document (author, date,
origin).

B. Example: “Sa Aking Mga Kabata”


• Traditional belief: José Rizal wrote the poem in 1869 at age eight.
• Scholarly debate
• Some historians doubt Rizal’s authorship, arguing that the word kalayaan
(freedom) was not yet part of his vocabulary.
• Rizal’s letter to Paciano Rizal (1851–1930) stated that he only encountered
the term kalayaan from Marcelo H. del Pilar’s (1850–1896) translation of
Amor Patrio in the 1880s.
• Some historians attribute the poem to Germinigildo Cruz (1872–1949) or
Gabriel Beato Francisco (1850–1935) (Ocampo, 1993).

C. Significance of Internal and External Criticism


• Helps determine the validity of historical documents.
• Ensures that historians rely on credible sources.

IV. The Nation and National History: The Katipunan

A. The Propaganda Movement and La Liga Filipina


• The Propaganda Movement (1872–1892) sought reforms for Filipinos under
Spanish rule.
• Leaders included:
- José Rizal (1861–1896)
- Marcelo H. del Pilar (1850–1896)
- Graciano López Jaena (1856–1896)
- Mariano Ponce (1863–1918)
• The movement’s newspaper, La Solidaridad, was founded in 1889 but
ceased publication in 1895 due to financial struggles.
• July 3, 1892 – Rizal founded La Liga Filipina at the house of Doroteo
Ongjunco in Manila.
• Objectives:
• Unite the entire archipelago.
• Protect citizens from abuses and injustice.
• Promote education, agriculture, and industry.
• July 6, 1892 – Rizal was arrested and deported to Dapitan, Zamboanga.

B. Founding of the Katipunan (KKK)


• July 7, 1892 – The Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga
Anak ng Bayan (KKK) was formed.
• Founded by:
- Andrés Bonifacio (1863–1897)
- Deodato Arellano (1844–1899)
- Valentín Díaz (1845–1916)
- Teodoro Plata (1866–1897)
- Ladislao Diwa (1863–1930)
• Katipunan goals:
- Overthrow Spanish rule through armed revolution.
- Establish an independent Filipino government.

C. Rituals and Symbols of the Katipunan


• Secret initiation rites: Members were blindfolded and led to a dark room.
• Required to answer: What was the condition of Inang Bayan (Motherland)
before Spanish rule? What is its current condition? What will its future be?
• July 1892 – Bonifacio began recruiting members, spreading the movement
across the Philippines.

D. Influence of Rizal and the Katipunan’s Legacy


• 1896 – The Katipunan launched the Philippine Revolution.
• August 23, 1896 – The Cry of Pugad Lawin, led by Bonifacio, marked the
formal start of the revolution.
• December 30, 1896 – Rizal was executed in Bagumbayan (now Luneta),
inspiring further resistance.
• May 10, 1897 – Bonifacio was executed by rival Emilio Aguinaldo’s forces.
• June 12, 1898 – Philippine independence was declared in Kawit, Cavite, led
by Aguinaldo.

You might also like