I

I
AL

AL
U

U
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
IDCIDC 151 LIBRARYSCIENCE
SCIENCEUNIT 1
I/A

I/A
151 LIBRARY

I
L

L
U

U
ZA

ZA
NS

NS
F

F
/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
IDC-151 LIBRARY SCIENCE
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
UNIT : 1
I/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
( LIBRARY MANAGEMENT)

NS

NS
💪📌
FZ

FZ
/A

/A
PREPARED BY NSUI (AFZAL)
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
I/A

/A
Q1. What is Library Management?

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
A: Library Management involves planning, organizing, staffing, directing,
FZ

FZ
coordinating, reporting, and budgeting (POSDCORB) to ensure effective
/A

/A
functioning of library operations.
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
I/A

/A
UI

UI
Q2. Define the scope of Library Management.
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
A: It includes administrative, financial, and technical management of resources,
/A

/A
services, and users.
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
I/A

/A

Q3. Why is Library Management important?

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

A: It ensures proper organization of resources, efficient services, user satisfaction,

/A

/A

and effective use of funds.

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
I/A

/A

Q4. What are the functions of Library Management?

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
A: Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, budgeting, and evaluating library
FZ

FZ

operations.
/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
I/A

/A

Q5. What is the difference between traditional and modern Library Management?
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS

A: Traditional management focuses on manual processes, while modern

FZ

FZ

management uses technology like integrated library systems and automation.

/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
 Q6. What is book selection?

I
AL

AL
U

U
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
A: Book selection is the process of choosing materials that meet the library's
I/A

I/A
objectives and users' needs.

I
L

L
U

U
ZA

ZA
NS

NS
F

F
/A

/A
Q7. Why is book selection important?

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
A: To build a relevant, balanced, and up-to-date library collection that supports
user needs.
I/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
/A

/A
Q8. Name the main methods of book selection.
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
A: Direct purchase, approval plans, vendor recommendations, and patron-driven
FZ

FZ
acquisition.
I/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
Q9. What are the principles of book selection?
/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
A: Relevance, demand, quality, cost-effectiveness, and balance.
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
I/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
Q10. Mention some tools used for book selection.
FZ

FZ
/A

/A
A: Publisher catalogs, bibliographies, reviews, and online databases.
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
I/A

/A

Q11. What are the steps in the book selection process?

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

A: Identifying user needs, evaluating resources, budgeting, and acquisition.

/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

Q12. What is the role of reviews in book selection?

I/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL

A: Reviews provide expert opinions on the quality and relevance of materials.

NS

NS
FZ

FZ
/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL

Q13. What is the significance of patron-driven acquisition in book selection?

NS

NS
FZ

FZ

A: It allows users to suggest or select resources, ensuring the collection meets

I/A

/A
UI

UI

actual needs.
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL

Q14. What is acquisition in libraries?

NS

NS
FZ

FZ
 A: Acquisition is the process of procuring books, periodicals, and other materials

I
AL

AL
U

U
NS

NS
for the library.
FZ

FZ
I/A

I/A

I
L

L
U

U
ZA

ZA
NS

NS
Q15. What are the types of library acquisitions?

F
/A

/A
A: Purchase, gift/donation, and exchange.

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
I/A

/A
Q16. Why is acquisition important?

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
A: To ensure the library has resources that meet the educational, research, and
/A

/A
informational needs of users.
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
I/A

/A
Q17. What are the methods of acquiring books?

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
A: Direct purchase, approval plans, standing orders, and through vendors.
/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

Q18. What is the process of acquiring periodicals?

I/A

/A
UI

UI
A: Selection, subscription, renewal, and cancellation as per the library’s needs.
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL

Q19. Define non-book materials.

NS

NS
FZ

FZ

A: These include audiovisual materials, digital resources, microforms, maps, and

I/A

/A

manuscripts.
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
/A

/A
UI

UI

Q20. What are the challenges in acquiring non-book materials?

AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

A: High cost, compatibility issues, licensing restrictions, and rapid obsolescence.

I/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

Q21. How are acquisitions recorded?

/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL

A: Through accession registers, integrated library systems, or digital catalogs.

NS

NS
FZ

FZ
I/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL

Q22. What does POSDCORB stand for?

NS

NS
FZ

FZ
/A

/A

A: Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting, and

UI

UI
AL

AL

Budgeting.
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
 I

I
AL

AL
U

U
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
Q23. Who introduced POSDCORB?
I/A

I/A

I
A: Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick.

L
U

U
ZA

ZA
NS

NS
F

F
/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
Q24. What is the significance of planning in Library Management?
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
A: Planning ensures systematic and goal-oriented development of library services.
I/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
/A

/A
Q25. How does organizing contribute to Library Management?
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
A: Organizing allocates resources, defines roles, and structures workflows.
FZ

FZ
I/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
Q26. What is the role of staffing in libraries?
FZ

FZ
/A

/A
A: Staffing involves recruiting, training, and managing library personnel.
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
I/A

/A

Q27. Define directing in the context of libraries.

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
A: Directing ensures smooth execution of tasks by guiding and motivating staff.
/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

Q28. What is coordination in Library Management?

I/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
A: Coordination ensures different departments work together efficiently.
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL

Q29. Why is reporting important in Library Management?

NS

NS
FZ

FZ
I/A

/A

A: Reporting provides insights into library performance and accountability.

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
/A

/A

Q30. What is budgeting in libraries?

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS

A: Budgeting involves planning and allocating financial resources for library

FZ

FZ

operations.
I/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
/A

/A

Q31. How does POSDCORB help in effective Library Management?

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
 A: It provides a comprehensive framework for managing library activities and

I
AL

AL
U

U
NS

NS
resources.
FZ

FZ
I/A

I/A

I
L

L
U

U
ZA

ZA
NS

NS
Q32. What is the role of ICT in modern Library Management?

F
/A

/A
A: ICT enables automation, resource sharing, and efficient service delivery.

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
I/A

/A
Q33. What are the qualities of a good library manager?

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
A: Leadership, communication skills, technical knowledge, and decision-making
/A

/A
ability.
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
I/A

/A
Q34. What is collection development in libraries?

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
A: The process of building and maintaining a library’s collection to meet user
needs.
/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
I/A

/A

Q35. What are the key challenges in Library Management?

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
A: Limited budgets, space constraints, staff shortages, and rapid technological
FZ

FZ
changes.
/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

Q36. Define library automation.

I/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
A: The use of technology to manage library operations like cataloging, circulation,
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

and acquisitions.
/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

Q37. What is the importance of library policies?

I/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL

A: Policies guide decision-making and ensure consistent and fair practices.

NS

NS
FZ

FZ
/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL

Q38. What are the characteristics of a good library budget?

NS

NS
FZ

FZ
I/A

/A

A: Realistic, flexible, user-oriented, and aligned with library goals.

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
/A

/A

Q39. What are some ethical issues in Library Management?

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS

A: Intellectual freedom, privacy, censorship, and equitable access.

FZ

FZ
 I

I
AL

AL
U

U
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
Q40. How does user feedback contribute to Library Management?
I/A

I/A

I
A: It helps in improving services, identifying gaps, and aligning with user

L
U

U
ZA

ZA
NS

NS
expectations.

F
/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
I/A

/A
1. Define Library Management and explain its meaning and scope.

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
Answer:
/A

/A
UI

UI
Library Management is the process of organizing and coordinating library
AL

AL
NS

NS
resources, staff, and services to meet the informational, educational, and cultural
FZ

FZ
needs of users. It involves applying management principles to library functions for
I/A

/A
achieving maximum efficiency and effectiveness.
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
The scope of Library Management is vast and includes:
/A

/A
Administrative Management: Involves policies, planning, decision-making, and
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
supervising library operations.
FZ

FZ
I/A

/A

Resource Management: Covers collection development, acquisition, cataloging,

UI

UI
AL

AL
and preservation of resources.
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
Service Management: Deals with user services like reference, circulation, and
/A

/A
digital services.
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

Financial Management: Includes budgeting, cost control, and resource allocation.

I/A

/A
UI

UI
Staff Management: Entails recruiting, training, and managing library personnel.
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

Technological Management: Focuses on implementing and managing library

/A

/A

automation and ICT tools.

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

Effective library management ensures systematic functioning, promotes resource

sharing, enhances user satisfaction, and adapts to technological advancements. It
I/A

/A

bridges the gap between users' needs and library resources, making it essential for
UI

UI
AL

AL

modern libraries.
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS

2. What is Book Selection? Discuss its concept, need, and significance.

FZ

FZ
I/A

/A

Answer:
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

Book Selection is the process of choosing materials for a library’s collection based
on its objectives and users' needs. It aims to develop a balanced, relevant, and up-
/A

/A
UI

UI

to-date collection.
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
 Concept: Book selection involves assessing the needs of users, evaluating

I
AL

AL
U

U
NS

NS
available resources, and aligning acquisitions with library goals.
FZ

FZ
I/A

I/A
Need and Significance:

I
L

L
U

U
ZA

ZA
NS

NS
1. User Satisfaction: A well-chosen collection meets users' educational,

F
informational, and recreational needs.

/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
2. Balanced Collection: Ensures diversity in subjects, formats, and viewpoints.
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
3. Resource Utilization: Prevents wasteful spending on irrelevant or outdated
I/A

/A
UI

UI
materials.
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
4. Reputation Building: A rich collection enhances the library’s value and
/A

/A
reputation.
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
Book selection is vital for academic, public, and special libraries, ensuring that
FZ

FZ
resources remain relevant and accessible to users.
I/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
/A

/A
3. Explain the methods of book selection and their importance.
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
Answer:
FZ

FZ
I/A

/A

Methods of Book Selection:

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
1. Direct Purchase: Selecting and buying books directly from publishers or
FZ

FZ
distributors.
/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL

2. Approval Plans: Vendors supply books based on pre-agreed criteria, and

NS

NS
FZ

FZ

libraries select from them.

I/A

/A
UI

UI
3. Patron-Driven Acquisition (PDA): Users recommend or request books for
AL

AL
NS

NS
purchase.
FZ

FZ
/A

/A

4. Reviews and Bibliographies: Librarians refer to published reviews, catalogs, and

UI

UI
AL

AL

bibliographies to identify quality materials.

NS

NS
FZ

FZ

5. Standing Orders: Regularly acquiring series or periodicals without repeated

I/A

/A

orders.
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

Importance of Methods:
/A

/A
UI

UI

These methods streamline the selection process, ensure the acquisition of high-
AL

AL
NS

NS

quality materials, and balance the collection according to the library's objectives.
FZ

FZ

They also provide cost-effective and user-focused ways to meet the dynamic
I/A

/A

needs of users.
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
/A

/A
UI

UI

4. What are the principles of book selection in Library Management?

AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

Answer:
 Book selection in libraries follows specific principles to ensure the collection is

I
AL

AL
U

U
NS

NS
relevant and balanced:
FZ

FZ
I/A

I/A
1. Relevance: Materials should meet the informational, educational, and cultural

I
L

L
U

U
needs of users.

ZA

ZA
NS

NS
F

F
2. Demand: Select items that are frequently requested or anticipated to be popular

/A

/A
among users.

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
3. Quality: Prioritize works of recognized authors, publishers, or experts to ensure
I/A

/A
credibility and accuracy.

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
4. Cost-Effectiveness: Balance quality with budget constraints to maximize the
FZ

FZ
value of purchases.
/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
5. Diversity: Include a variety of subjects, formats, languages, and viewpoints to
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
serve a wide audience.
I/A

/A
6. Timeliness: Focus on current and updated materials to ensure the collection
UI

UI
AL

AL
remains relevant.
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
/A

/A
7. Balanced Collection: Avoid overloading on specific topics while neglecting
UI

UI
AL

others. AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

Following these principles ensures a purposeful and user-focused library

I/A

/A

collection.
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
/A

/A
5. What are the tools used in book selection, and how are they utilized?
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

Answer:
I/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
Tools Used in Book Selection:
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

1. Publisher Catalogs: Provide details about newly published and forthcoming

/A

/A

books.
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

2. Bibliographies: Comprehensive lists of books on specific topics or by specific

authors.
I/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL

3. Book Reviews: Critical evaluations of books in journals, newspapers, or online

NS

NS
FZ

FZ

platforms.
/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL

4. Databases: Online platforms like OCLC or WorldCat help identify and evaluate
NS

NS

resources.
FZ

FZ
I/A

/A

5. Recommendation Services: Services like GoodReads or LibraryThing provide

UI

UI
AL

AL

user-based suggestions.
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
/A

/A

Utilization:
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
 These tools guide librarians in identifying high-quality, relevant, and diverse

I
AL

AL
U

U
NS

NS
resources. They also help evaluate materials before purchase, ensuring better
FZ

FZ
utilization of funds and resources.
I/A

I/A

I
L

L
U

U
ZA

ZA
NS

NS
F

F
6. What is acquisition in libraries? Explain its objectives and process.

/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
Answer: NS

NS
FZ

FZ
Acquisition is the process of procuring resources such as books, periodicals, and
I/A

/A
UI

UI
non-book materials for a library.
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
Objectives:
/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
-Build a balanced and updated collection.
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
-Meet the academic and informational needs of users.
I/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
-Optimize available funds and resources.
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
Process:
/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
1. Selection: Identify materials based on user needs and library goals.
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
I/A

/A

2. Order Placement: Place orders with publishers, vendors, or suppliers.

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
3. Receipt and Verification: Check the received materials against purchase orders.
FZ

FZ
/A

/A
4. Processing: Accession, classify, and catalog the items for user access.
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

5. Payment: Settle invoices and maintain records for financial accountability.

I/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

7. What are the challenges in acquiring non-book materials?

/A

/A
UI

UI

Answer:
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

Non-book materials like audiovisuals, e-resources, and microforms present unique

I/A

/A

challenges:
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
1. Cost: High purchase and maintenance costs.
FZ

FZ
/A

/A

2. Storage: Requires specialized storage and handling conditions.

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

3. Technological Compatibility: Issues with formats and equipment compatibility.

I/A

/A
UI

UI

4. Licensing Restrictions: Limited access and complex copyright/licensing

AL

AL
NS

NS

agreements.
FZ

FZ
/A

/A

5. Obsolescence: Rapid technological changes render some formats obsolete.

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
 Overcoming these challenges requires careful planning, adequate budgeting, and

I
AL

AL
U

U
NS

NS
continuous updating of resources.
FZ

FZ
I/A

I/A

I
L

L
U

U
ZA

ZA
NS

NS
8. Define POSDCORB and explain its relevance to Library Management.

F
/A

/A
Answer:

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
POSDCORB stands for Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating,
Reporting, and Budgeting. It was introduced by Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick.
I/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
Relevance in Library Management:

NS

NS
FZ

FZ
/A

/A
1. Planning: Ensures effective collection development, budgeting, and user
UI

UI
AL

AL
services.
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
2. Organizing: Defines roles, workflows, and resource allocation.
I/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
3. Staffing: Focuses on recruiting, training, and retaining skilled personnel.
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
4. Directing: Guides and motivates staff to achieve library objectives.
/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
5. Coordinating: Harmonizes different library activities like cataloging, circulation,
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

and reference services.

I/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
6. Reporting: Provides accountability and evaluation of library performance.
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
7. Budgeting: Plans financial resources for acquisitions, technology, and services.
/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

9. How does planning contribute to effective Library Management?

I/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
Answer:
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
/A

/A

Planning is essential for aligning library activities with institutional goals and user
UI

UI
AL

AL

needs. It involves setting objectives, identifying resources, and defining strategies

NS

NS

for achieving them.

FZ

FZ
I/A

/A

In libraries, planning ensures:

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

-Efficient resource allocation.

/A

/A

-Balanced and updated collections.

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

-Development of user-centric services.

I/A

/A
UI

UI

-Effective use of technology and space.

AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

-Planning promotes adaptability, accountability, and sustainable development in

/A

/A

library operations.
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
 10. Discuss the importance of organizing in Library Management.

I
AL

AL
U

U
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
Answer:
I/A

I/A

I
Organizing in Library Management involves structuring tasks, roles, and resources

L
U

U
ZA

ZA
NS

NS
to achieve library objectives. It includes defining departments, assigning

F
responsibilities, and streamlining workflows.

/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
Importance: NS

NS
FZ

FZ
-Enhances productivity and efficiency.
I/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
-Avoids duplication of efforts.

NS

NS
FZ

FZ
/A

/A
-Ensures proper utilization of resources.
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
-Creates a user-friendly environment.
FZ

FZ
I/A

/A
-Organizing lays the foundation for a well-functioning library.

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ
/A

/A
11. Explain the role of budgeting in libraries.
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

Answer:
I/A

/A
UI

UI
Budgeting is the process of planning and allocating financial resources for library
AL

AL
NS

NS
activities.
FZ

FZ
/A

/A
Role:
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

-Ensures optimal resource utilization.

I/A

/A

-Supports acquisition, staff salaries, and maintenance.

UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

-Aligns with institutional goals and user needs.

/A

/A
UI

UI

-Promotes transparency and accountability.

AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

-A well-planned budget is vital for library sustainability.

I/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

12. What is the importance of reporting in Library Management?

/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL

Answer:
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

Reporting involves documenting and analyzing library operations to evaluate

I/A

/A
UI

UI

performance and ensure accountability.

AL

AL
NS

NS
FZ

FZ

Importance:
/A

/A
UI

UI
AL

AL

-Provides insights into resource usage and service quality.

NS

NS
FZ

FZ
 I/A I/A I/A I/A I/A I/A I/A
FZ FZ FZ FZ FZ FZ FZ FZ
AL AL AL AL AL AL AL AL

NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
UI UI UI UI UI UI UI U I
/A /A /A /A /A /A /A
FZ FZ FZ FZ FZ FZ FZA
AL AL AL AL AL AL L
-Helps identify areas for improvement.

NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
UI UI UI UI UI UI U
-Enhances transparency and decision-making.

/A /A /A /A /A /A I/A
FZ FZ FZ FZ FZ FZ FZ FZ
-Justifies budget allocations and funding requests.

AL AL AL AL AL AL AL AL

NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
UI UI UI UI UI UI UI U I
/A /A /A /A /A /A /A
FZ FZ FZ FZ FZ FZ FZA
AL AL AL AL AL AL L

NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
UI UI UI UI UI UI U I