BSCCS2005: Graded Assignment

Questions with Solutions

Week 3

1. Consider the following code: [Nalini: MCQ: 2points]

public class A {
public void display( ){
System.out.print("Hii ");
}
}
public class B extends A{
public void display(String s){
display();
System.out.println(s);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a = new B( );
// Line 1
}
}

What is the correct instruction to be written in Line 1 in order to print Hii Ram as
output?
a.display(“Ram”);
a.display(“Hii Ram” );
((A)a).display(“Hii Ram”)
√
((B)a).display(“Ram”);

Solution:

• To print Hii Ram display method of subclass must be called.

• But a is a reference variable of type A

• So a must be made of type B, this can be done by type casting.

• type casting is happening on reference variable not on the object

• And then the display( ) method of subclass should be called

 Consider the following code and answer the questions 2 and 3.

public class Polygon{

public static void perimeter( ){
System.out.print("In Polygon perimeter");
}
public void area( ){
System.out.println("In Polygon area");
}
public void sides( ){
System.out.println("In Polygon sides");
}
public void angleSum( ){
System.out.println("In Polygon angleSum");
}
}
public class Pentagon extends Polygon{
public static void perimeter( ){
System.out.println("In Pentagon perimeter");
}
public void area( ) {
System.out.println("In Pentagon area");
}
public int sides( ){
return 5;
}
public void angleSum(int x) {
System.out.println("In Pentagon angleSum");
}
}

2. Which method/s override/s methods in the parentclass?

[Nalini: MSQ: 2points]
perimeter
√
area
sides
angleSum

Solution:

• Method signature must be same in both parentclass and subclass to override

the method

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3. Which method/s is/are new methods of the subclass?
[Nalini: MSQ: 2points]
perimeter
area
√
sides
√
angleSum

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4. Consider the following code: [Nalini: MSQ: 2points]

1 public class Employee {

2 public void display( ){
3 System.out.print("In Employee class");
4 }
5 }
6 public class TeamLead extends Employee{
7 public void display( ){
8 System.out.println("In TeamLead class");
9 }
10 }
11 public class Manager extends Employee, TeamLead{
12 public void display( ){
13 System.out.println("In Manager class");
14 }
15 public static void main(String[] arg) {
16 TeamLead t = new Employee( );
17 }
18 }

Identify the line/s which has/have error.

Line 1
Line 2
Line 6
Line 7
√
Line 11
Line 12
Line 15
√
Line 16

Solution:

• A class cannot inherit two classes, multiple inherits is not allowed in java.

• An object of type parent class cannot refer subclass. Because the parent class
may not have all the functionalities of subclass

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5. Consider the Java code given below. [ARUP: MCQ: 2 points]

public class Bird{

public void fly(){
System.out.println("it can fly");
}
}
public class Duck extends Bird{
public void swim(){
System.out.println("it can swim");
}
}
public class FClass{
public static void doIt(Bird b){
b.fly();
if(b instanceof Duck)
((Duck) b).swim();
}
public static void main(String[] args){
Duck d = new Duck();
doIt(d);
}
}

What will be the output?

it can fly
it can swim
√
it can fly
it can swim
It generates compiler error

Solution:
In function call doIt(d);, d is of Duck type and implicitly type casted to the
parent type Bird. However, b refers to a subclass object, i.e. object of Duck.
Thus, b.fly() prints it can fly. The condition b instanceof Duck returns
true and ((Duck) b).swim() prints it can swim.

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6. Consider the Java code given below. [ARUP: MCQ: 2 points]

public class Shape{

public void area(){
System.out.println("area is unknown");
}
public void volume(){
System.out.println("volume is unknown");
}
}
public class Rectangle extends Shape{
public void area(){
System.out.println("area of Rectangle");
}
}
public class Cube extends Shape{
public void area(){
System.out.println("area of Cube");
}
public void volume(){
System.out.println("volume of Cube");
}
}
public class FClass{
public static void compute(Shape s){
s.area();
s.volume();
}
public static void main(String[] args){
Rectangle r = new Rectangle();
Cube c = new Cube();
compute(r);
compute(c);
}
}

What will be the output?

area is unknown
volume is unknown
area is unknown
volume is unknown
area of Rectangle
area of Cube
volume of Cube

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 √
area of Rectangle
volume is unknown
area of Cube
volume of Cube
It generates compiler error

Solution: For the call compute(r);, although the static type of s is Shape, the
dynamic type is Rectangle (since it refers to object of Rectangle). Thus, it prints

area of Rectangle
volume is unknown

For the call compute(c);, although the static type of s is Shape, the dynamic type
is Cube (since it refers to object of Cube). Thus, it prints

area of Cube
volume of Cube

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7. Consider the following abstract types.

• Scanner, with method scanDocuments().

• Printer, with method printDocuments().
• Copier, with methods scanDocuments() and printDocuments().

Identify the correct subtype and inheritance relationships between the classes.
[ARUP: MSQ: 2 points]

Scanner and Printer are subtypes of Copier

√
Copier is a subtype of Scanner and Printer
√
Scanner and Printer both inherit from Copier
Copier inherits from both Scanner and Printer

Solution: Since Copier has more functionality than Scanner and Printer, Copier
is a subtype of Scanner and Printer.
Since we can suppress one of the functions in Copier and use it as a Scanner or
Printer, both Scanner and Printer inherit Copier.

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8. Consider the Java code given below. [ARUP: MCQ: 2 points]

public class Employee{

private int empid;
private String name;

public Employee(int empid_, String name_){

empid = empid_;
name = name_;
}
public Employee(){
this(0, "unknown");
}
public void print(){
System.out.print(empid + " : " + name + " : ");
}
}
public class Manager extends Employee{
private String department;

public Manager(int empid_, String name_, String department_){

_________________________ //line:1
department = department_;
}
public void print(){
super.print();
System.out.println(department);
}
}
public class FClass{
public static void main(String[] args){
Manager m = new Manager(101, "Nutan", "HR");
m.print();
}
}

Identify the appropriate option to fill in the blank at line:1 such that output of the
code will be:
101 : Nutan : HR
Employee(empid , name );
this(empid , name );
√
super(empid , name );
empid = empid ; name = name ;

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Solution: Since the instance variables empid and name are declared as private in
class Employee, they are invisible in class Manager. Thus, option-4 is incorrect.
The only way to initialize the private instance variables in class Employee by
calling it’s constructor, which can be done by the subclass Manager using super
keyword.

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9. Consider the following code. [Bhaskar:MSQ:2points]

public class Student{

public String sname;
public String sid;
public int sclass;

public Student(String s_name,String s_id, int s_class){

this.sname = s_name;
this.sid =s_id;
this.sclass = s_class;
}
public void display() {
System.out.println("name:"+sname);
System.out.println("id:"+sid);
System.out.println("class:"+sclass);
}
}

public class Toppers extends Student{

public int marks;

public Toppers(int marks){

this.marks = marks;
}

public void display() {

super.display();
System.out.println("marks:"+marks);
}
}

public class FClass{

public static void main(String[] args){
Toppers t = new Toppers(30);
t.display();
}
}

Choose all the correct option/s which mention/s the required modification (if any) in
the code for successful compilation.

super.display must be removed.

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√
Define an appropriate no argument constructor of Student class.
√
Call the Student class parameterized constructor explicitly inside
Topper class’s constructor.
No modification required, code compiles successfully.

Solution: While we define an object of Topper class the constructor of

Topper class is executed. This constructor will first call the no argument
constructor of its superclass implicitly if an explicit call to superclass con-
structor is missing.
We have defined a parameterized constructor in the superclass which hides
the default no argument constructor and therefore the no argument con-
structor call by the child class constructor will not get resolved and subse-
quently generate an error.
There can be two solutions to this problem:

1. Defining a no argument constructor in superclass explicitly

2. Call the parameterised constructor (already defined) of superclass

explicitly, inside the constructor’s body of child class

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10. Consider the following code. [Bhaskar:MCQ:2ppoints]

1. public class Mammal{

2. public String name;
3. public int lifespan;
4.
5. public Mammal(){
6. name = "Tiger";
7. lifespan = 45;
8. }
9.
10. public void show() {
11. System.out.format("name = %s : lifespan = %d",name,lifespan);
12. }
13. public void display() {
14. System.out.println("Mammal details");
15. }
16. }
17.
18. public class Endangered extends Mammal{
19. public boolean endanger_status;
20.
21. public Endangered(){
22. endanger_status = false;
23. }
24.
25. public void show() {
26. System.out.println("endanger status of "+
this.name + " is " + endanger_status);
27. }
28. public void display(String species) {
29. System.out.println("Endanger status");
30. }
31. }
32.
33. public class FClass{
34. public static void main(String args[]) {
35. Mammal m1 = new Endangered();
36. m1.show();
37. m1.display();
38. }
39. }

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Choose the correct option regarding the given code.
This code produces a compilation error on line 37
This code produces a compilation error on line 36
This code will generate the output:
endanger status of Tiger is false
Endanger status
√
This code will generate the output:
endanger status of Tiger is false
Mammal details
This code will generate the output:
endanger status of null is false
Mammal details

Solution: The display() and display(String) are two overloaded methods

in Endangered class whereas the show() method of Mammal class is an
overridden method.
Overloading is done during compile time and method invocation is
resolved depending upon reference type whereas for overridden methods
instance type decides the version to be invoked during run time.
As the instance type to which m1 is referring to is Endangered
therefore show() method of Endangered class is executed.

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