BSCCS2005: Graded Assignment with Solutions

Week 4
1. Consider the code given below. [MCQ:2 points]

public interface Printable{

public default void print() {
System.out.println("not implemented");
}
}
public abstract class Collection{
public void print() {
System.out.println("no element");
}
}
public class Queue extends Collection implements Printable{
public void print() {
super.print();
System.out.println("print the queue");
}
}
public class FClass{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Queue q = new Queue();
q.print();
}
}

What will be the output?

no element
not implemented
print the queue
not implemented
print the queue
√
no element
print the queue
It generates compiler error

Solution: Whenever there is a conflict between a default method of an interface

and a method in a class to be inherited, method inherited from the class gets the
priority.

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2. Consider the code given below. [MCQ:2 points]

public interface Shape{

public double area();
public default double volume() {
return -1.0;
}
}

public interface Printable{

public default void print() {
System.out.println("not implemented");
}
}

public class Rectangle implements Shape, Printable{

private double w, h;
public Rectangle(double w_, double h_) {
w = w_;
h = h_;
}
public double area() {
return w * h;
}
public void print() {
System.out.print(area() + " ");
System.out.print(volume());
}
}

public class FClass{

public static void main(String[] args) {
Shape s = new Rectangle(20.0, 50.0);
s.print();
}
}

What will be the output?

1000.0 followed by a runtime error
not implemented
1000.0 -1.0
√
It generates a compiler error

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Solution: Since the static type of s is Shape, and print() method does not belong
to Shape, the call s.print() is illegal.

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3. Consider the code given below. [MSQ:2 points]

public interface NumberType{

public double norm();
public static void print(double x) {
System.out.println("norm is : " + x);
}
}

public class ComplexNum implements NumberType{

private int r, i;
public ComplexNum(int r_, int i_) {
r = r_;
i = i_;
}
public double norm() {
return Math.sqrt(r*r + i*i);
}
}

public class FClass{

public static void main(String[] args) {
ComplexNum c = new ComplexNum(3, 4);
___________________________________ //LINE1
}
}

Identify the appropriate option(s) to fill in the blank at LINE1, such the output is:
norm is : 5.0
print(c.norm());
c.print(c.norm());
√
NumberType.print(c.norm());
ComplexNum.print(c.norm());

Solution: A static method belongs to an interface, must be invoked with the same
interface name.

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4. Consider the code given below. [MSQ:2 points]

public interface DBIF{

public void executeStatement(String qry);
}

public class Database{

private ConnectionObj cobj = null;
__________________________________ {
if(isValidate(u, p))
cobj = new ConnectionObj();
return cobj;
}
public boolean isValidate(String u, String p) {
//assume the vaidation is always true
return true;
}
private class ConnectionObj implements DBIF{
public void executeStatement(String qry) {
System.out.println("Execute: " + qry);
}
}
}

public class FClass{

public static void main(String[] args) {
DBIF con = new Database().connectDB("test", "test");
con.executeStatement("fetch students");
}
}

Identify the appropriate option to fill in blank at LINE1 such that the output becomes
Execute: fetch students
√
public DBIF connectDB(String u, String p)
√
public ConnectionObj connectDB(String u, String p)
public Database connectDB(String u, String p)
public static ConnectionObj connectDB(String u, String p)

Solution: Since the method connectDB() is called with reference to an object of

Database, connectDB() must be a non-static method.
Since the object returned by connectDB() need to be referred by DBIF, thus it should
return either DBIF or ConnectionObj.

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5. Consider the code given below. [MCQ:2 points]

public interface Inter{

public abstract void greet();
}
public class Greetings{
private String country;
public void setCountry(String s){
this.country = s;
}
public String getCountry(){
return country;
}
public Inter checkCountry(){
if(getCountry() == "India"){
return new IndiaGreetings();
}
return new WorldGreetings();
}
private class IndiaGreetings implements Inter{
public void greet(){
System.out.println("Hello"+ " "+"India");
}
}
private class WorldGreetings implements Inter{
public void greet(){
System.out.println("Hello"+ " "+"World");
}
}
}
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Greetings g = new Greetings();
g.setCountry("India");
--------- Line 1 ---------

}
}

Identify the appropriate option to fill in the blank at Line 1 to print Hello India as
the output.
g.greet();
√
g.checkCountry().greet();

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 g.IndiaGreetings.greet();
g.Inter.IndiaGreetings.greet();

Solution: To print Hello India greet() must be called. IndiaGreetings class not
visible outside of Greetings class, but the interface Inter is visible which has greet()
abstract method. checkCountry() is called which returns India Greetings object.
And the greet() is called using that object.

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6. Consider the code given below.

public class Language{

public void show(){
System.out.println("In Language class");
}
public class Programming{
public void show(){
System.out.println("In Programming class");
}
}
}
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
-----------Line 1-----------
}
}

Identify the appropriate option to fill in the blank at Line 1 to print In Programming
class as the output.
Language.Programming.show();
new Language().Programming.show();
√
new Language().new Programming().show();
Language.new Programming().show();

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7. Consider the Java program given below and predict the output.
[ MCQ : 2 points]

public interface Animal{

public void sound();
default void eat(String animal){
System.out.println(animal+" eats every day");
}
}
public class Cat implements Animal{
public void sound(){
System.out.println("Cat meows");
}
}
public class Dog implements Animal{
public void sound(){
System.out.println("Dog barks");
}
}
public class Example{
public static void main(String[] args){
Animal oa1=new Cat();
oa1.sound();
oa1.eat("Cat");
Animal oa2=new Dog();
oa2.sound();
oa2.eat("Dog");
}
}

This code generates a compilation error because an interface can’t have fully
implemented methods.
Cat meows
Dog barks
√
Cat meows
Cat eats every day
Dog barks
Dog eats every day
Cat eats every day
Dog eats every day

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Solution: Option 3
From JDK 1.8 onwards, the interface supports default methods. Program executes
successfully and all methods called.

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8. Consider the Java program given below and select the correct option from among the
given choices. [ MCQ : 2 points]

public interface One{

public void print();
}
public interface Two extends One{
public void display();
}
public class Three implements Two{
public void display(){
System.out.println("This is display");
}
}
public class Example{
public static void main(String[] args){
Three three=new Three();
three.display();
}
}
√
Compilation fails because print() method has not been overridden in class
Three.
Compilation fails because one interface cannot extend another interface.
Generates no output.
This code generates the output: This is display

Solution: class Three implements interface Two, interface Two extends from inter-
face One.
class Three should override both print() and display().

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9. Choose all the correct option(s) regarding the code given below.

public class University{

public int univ_id;

private class College{

private String college_name;

public void getName(){

System.out.println(college_name);
}

public College(String name){

college_name = name;
}
}

//As the class is private so we are using a public method

//to return an object of the the inner class

public College getReference(){

return new College("IITMadras");
}

}
public class FClass{
public static void main(String[] args) {
University uni = new University();
(uni.getReference()).getName() ;

}
}

[MSQ:2 points]
This code compiles successfully and generates output:
IITMadras
This code generates a compilation error because college name is a private
variable.
This code generates a compilation error because getReference() is actually
not returning a valid object of College type.
√
This code generates a compilation error because the method getName() is not
overridden and hence not accessible.

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Solution:
Method getName is a member function of the nested class College which is private,
hence the only way we can access this method is by applying dynamic dispatch using
method overriding. Therefore we have to use either an abstract class or interface
which the inner class would inherit/implement and then we can access the getName
method as an overridden implementation.
So correct choice would be option 4.

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The Java code below models a certain functionality of a ropeway system, carrying
tourists, that allows 6 travelers in each cabin. The travelers are let in one after the
other into a cabin until the maximum capacity is reached (class CabinCounter). Then,
the cabin is allowed to move on, and the next cabin is readied for boarding. A counter
(class MasterCounter) is used to track the total number of travelers using the ropeway
in a day. Based on the above information and the following code, answer questions 10
and 11.

public interface Counter{

public abstract void inform();
}
public class CabinCounter{
private MasterCounter master;

public CabinCounter(MasterCounter mc){

master = mc;
}
public void performCount(){
int currentCabinCount = 0;
while (currentCabinCount < 7) {
Traveler t = new Traveler();
if t.hasValidTicket(){
//Let the traveler get inside the current cabin
currentCabinCount++;
}
}
//let the cabin start moving
.................... //Blank Line 1
}
}
public class MasterCounter implements Counter{
static int dayCount = 0;
private CabinCounter cc;

public MasterCounter(){
cc = new CabinCounter(this); //A new cabin arrives
cc.performCount();
}
public void inform(){
this.incrementDailyCounter();
cc = new CabinCounter(this); //A new cabin arrives
.................... //Blank Line 2
}
public void incrementDailyCounter(){

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 dayCount = dayCount + 6;
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

MasterCounter masterCounter = new MasterCounter();
}
}
public class Traveler{
....
public boolean hasValidTicket(){
//This method checks if the traveler has a valid ticket.
}
}

10. Which should be the line at Blank Line 1 so that the MasterCounter is notified of a
cabin becoming full?
[ MCQ: 2points]
mc.inform();
√
master.inform();
cc.incrementDailyCounter();
MasterCounter cannot be notified because master is a private object inside
CabinCounter.

11. Which should be the line at Blank Line 2 so that the CabinCounter will start checking
for the new cabin becoming full?
[ MCQ: 2points]
There is no need to add any line because the constructor of CabinCounter will
initiate the counting for the new cabin.
√
cc.performCount();
master.incrementDailyCounter();
cc.inform();

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