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How Do Organisms Reproduce - Notes

Reproduction is the process through which new organisms are generated, ensuring the continuity of species and the transfer of genetic material from parents to offspring. It can occur through asexual or sexual means, with each method having distinct characteristics and implications for genetic variation. The document also discusses the importance of variation, methods of contraception, and specific reproductive anatomy and processes in humans.

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19 views2 pages

How Do Organisms Reproduce - Notes

Reproduction is the process through which new organisms are generated, ensuring the continuity of species and the transfer of genetic material from parents to offspring. It can occur through asexual or sexual means, with each method having distinct characteristics and implications for genetic variation. The document also discusses the importance of variation, methods of contraception, and specific reproductive anatomy and processes in humans.

Uploaded by

lestarboy2010
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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How Do Organisms Reproduce?

REPRODUCTION

 It is the process by which new organisms are generated.


 It involves transfer of genetic material from parents to offspring.
 So, there is a cycle of birth, growth and death.

NEED OF REPRODUCTION:

 It ensures continuity of species, generation after generation.


 Without reproduction all life on earth would become extinct.
 Genetic variation is created and inherited during reproduction.
 The DNA acts as the carrier of these variations that are transferred
from one generation to the next generation.
 The DNA is called as the blueprint of life because it basically tells
how you would look like, behave etc.

IMPORTANCE OF VARIATION :

 Uniformity of DNA copying during reproduction is significant for the


maintenance of body design features that allows the organism to
use their particular niche.
 Reproduction is therefore linked to the stability of populations of
species.
 If some variations were to be present in few individual in the
populations, there would be some chance for them to survive.

Differences between Asexual and Sexual reproduction

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION SEXUAL REPRODUCTION


One parent is required. Two parents are required.
Off springs are genetically Off springs are genetically different
identical to each other and to to each other and from the parents.
parent.
Does not have gametes. Involves gametes.
No fertilization occurs. Fertilization occurs.
Does not produces variations. Produces variations.
Does not shows evolution. Shows evolution.

1. Why is vegetative propagation practiced for growing some types of


plants?
 Plants raised by vegetative propagation can bear flowers and fruits
earlier than those produced by seeds.

 This is useful for those plants that have lost the capacity to
reproduce.
 Plants produced by vegetative propagation are genetically similar
to their parents.
2.List out the changes observed after fertilization.

 Zygote divides several times to form embryo.


 Ovule forms the seed.
 Ovary grows into a fruit.
 Petals, sepals, stamens, style and stigma fall off.

3.What is the role of seminal vesicles and the prostate gland?

 Seminal vesicles are a pair of thin-walled muscular elongated sacs


which secrete fluid for nourishment of sperms.
 Prostate glands also produce fluid which is released in the urethra
along with secretion of seminal vesicle and helps in sperm mobility.

4.How does the embryo get nourishment inside the mother’s body?

 The embryo gets nourishment from the mother’s blood through


placenta.
 The placenta is a disc-shaped tissue which is embedded in the
uterine wall.
 It contains villi on the embryo’s side of the tissue.
 On the mother’s side are blood spaces, which surround the villi.
 This provides a large surface area for glucose and oxygen to pass
from the mother to the embryo.
 In this way, embryo gets its nutrition.

5. In the human female reproductive system, name the parts for the
given functions:

A. Production of egg - Ovary


B. Site of fertilization - Oviduct or Fallopian tube
C. Site of implantation - Uterus
D. Entry of sperms - Vagina

6. Explain the different methods of contraception and give examples of


each.

 Barrier method : A device is used to prevent the entry of sperms in


the female. Eg: Condom/Diaphragm/Cervical cap.
 Chemical method: It involves the use of specific drugs by
females. Eg: Oral pills / Vaginal pills
 Surgical method: Removal of vas deferens in males and the
fallopian tube in females by surgery to prevent the production of
male and female gametes. Eg: Vasectomy in males and Tubectomy
in females.

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