Computer Architecture and Organization

Assignment-1

1. What are the three main functional units of a computer?

A) Input, Output, Processing
B) Control, Arithmetic, Input
C) Input, Processing, Storage
D) Arithmetic, Storage, Output

2. Which unit of a computer performs arithmetic and logical operations?

A) Memory Unit
B) Control Unit
C) Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
D) Input Unit

3. The control unit is responsible for:

A) Storing data
B) Performing arithmetic operations
C) Managing and coordinating the activities of other units
D) Displaying data

4. What is the function of the memory unit in a computer?

A) To execute instructions
B) To store data and instructions
C) To control all input devices
D) To perform arithmetic calculations

5. The term "bus" in computer architecture refers to:

A) A type of storage device
B) A communication system that transfers data between components
C) The power supply of the computer
D) The physical structure of the motherboard

6. Which of the following is a basic operational concept in a computer system?

A) Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle
B) Data communication
C) File management
D) Error detection

7. In which unit is the program counter (PC) found?

A) Input Unit
B) Control Unit
C) Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
D) Memory Unit

8. A bus structure typically consists of:

A) Data bus, Control bus, and Address bus
B) Input bus, Output bus, and Control bus
C) Memory bus, Address bus, and Input bus
D) Arithmetic bus, Control bus, and Storage bus

9. What is the primary role of system software in a computer?

A) To create applications
B) To manage hardware and run other software
C) To process input from the user
D) To provide a platform for writing programs

10. Performance of a computer is often measured in terms of:

A) Memory capacity
B) Processor speed and throughput
C) Number of input devices
D) Software compatibility

11. Multiprocessor systems improve performance by:

A) Increasing the size of the memory
B) Using more than one CPU to execute tasks simultaneously
C) Adding more input/output devices
D) Increasing the clock speed of the CPU

12. In a multiprocessor system, the CPUs generally share:

A) Separate memory units
B) The same memory and input/output devices
C) Independent power supplies
D) Different sets of instructions

13. A multicomputer system consists of:

A) Several independent computers connected to work together
B) Multiple CPUs sharing the same memory
C) A single computer with multiple hard drives
D) A network of computers sharing the same CPU

14. What is the purpose of performance tuning in computer systems?

A) To add more input/output devices
B) To maximize efficiency and speed in executing tasks
C) To improve the appearance of the user interface
D) To reduce memory consumption

15. Which of the following is an example of a bus structure in computers?

A) Parallel bus
B) Serial bus
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above

16. What does RTL stand for in computer architecture?

A) Register Transfer Logic
B) Register Transfer Language
C) Real-Time Logic
D) Register Table Language

17. A register is primarily used for:

A) Storing data temporarily
B) Permanent storage of files
C) Transmitting data over a network
D) Processing arithmetic operations

18. Which register holds the memory address of the next instruction to be executed?
A) Program Counter (PC)
B) Memory Data Register (MDR)
C) Instruction Register (IR)
D) Accumulator

19. The transfer of data between registers is called:

A) Register Storage
B) Register Communication
C) Register Transfer
D) Register Execution

20. What is a bus in computer architecture?

A) A communication system that transfers data
B) A register storing data
C) A micro operation
D) An arithmetic logic unit

21. Memory transfers involve moving data between:

A) CPU registers
B) Cache and main memory
C) I/O devices and memory
D) Registers and memory

22. Which of the following is an example of a micro operation?

A) Instruction fetch
B) Data transfer
C) Logical shift
D) Control signal

23. What type of operation is performed in a micro operation?

A) High-level programming operation
B) Basic arithmetic and logic operation
C) File transfer operation
D) None of the above

24. Which of the following is NOT a type of micro operation?

A) Arithmetic
B) Logical
C) Shift
D) Fetch

25. Arithmetic micro operations involve:

A) Data movement
B) Simple arithmetic calculations such as addition or subtraction
C) Logical operations like AND or OR
D) Moving data between registers

26. A shift micro operation involves:

A) Logical comparisons
B) Shifting data bits left or right
C) Transferring data from memory
D) Addition and subtraction of numbers

27. The arithmetic logic shift unit (ALSU) is responsible for performing:
A) Arithmetic and logical operations only
B) Arithmetic, logic, and shift operations
C) Data transfer only
D) Memory read and write

28. The instruction cycle involves:

A) Fetching, decoding, and executing instructions
B) Fetching data from memory
C) Reading input and producing output
D) Transferring data between registers

29. What does an instruction code specify?

A) The next instruction to be fetched
B) The operation and the operands for the operation
C) The address of data in memory
D) The clock speed of the CPU

30. The control unit of a CPU is responsible for:

A) Performing arithmetic calculations
B) Fetching and executing instructions
C) Managing memory allocation
D) Displaying output to the monitor

31. Timing and control circuits manage the:

A) Speed of data transmission
B) Order in which micro operations are performed
C) Memory access time
D) Data representation in registers

32. Which of the following is a type of instruction?

A) Memory Reference Instruction
B) Input Reference Instruction
C) Register Transfer Instruction
D) Bus Transfer Instruction

33. Memory reference instructions typically involve:

A) Transferring data from registers
B) Accessing data from main memory
C) Inputting data from external devices
D) Managing cache memory

34. Which type of instruction involves interacting with I/O devices?

A) Arithmetic Instruction
B) Memory Reference Instruction
C) Input-Output Instruction
D) Shift Instruction

35. An interrupt in computer architecture is used for:

A) Stopping the processor
B) Handling errors
C) Temporarily halting the current execution to handle other tasks
D) Resetting the CPU

36. The program counter (PC) stores:

A) The result of the last arithmetic operation
B) The address of the next instruction to be executed
C) The current instruction being executed
D) The value of the last input from the user

37. The Instruction Register (IR) holds:

A) The current instruction being executed
B) The address of the next instruction
C) The result of the last calculation
D) Data fetched from memory

38. What happens during the decode phase of the instruction cycle?
A) The CPU fetches the instruction from memory
B) The control unit interprets the instruction
C) The instruction is executed
D) The program counter is updated

39. Input-output instructions are used for:

A) Arithmetic and logical operations
B) Data transfer between the CPU and external devices
C) Managing the internal CPU registers
D) Memory management

40. Which signal is used to control the timing of micro operations in the CPU?
A) Control signal
B) Interrupt signal
C) Clock signal
D) Data signal