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Lec2 Network

The document covers key concepts in data communication and networking, including port addressing, MAC addressing, and IP addressing. It details the types of port numbers, the structure of MAC addresses, and the differences between IPv4 and IPv6 addressing, including their formats and classes. Additionally, it outlines the classification of IP addresses into five classes based on their first octet range.

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7 views9 pages

Lec2 Network

The document covers key concepts in data communication and networking, including port addressing, MAC addressing, and IP addressing. It details the types of port numbers, the structure of MAC addresses, and the differences between IPv4 and IPv6 addressing, including their formats and classes. Additionally, it outlines the classification of IP addresses into five classes based on their first octet range.

Uploaded by

maqsoodhaseeb05
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATA COMMUNICATION AND

NETWORKING
LECTURER: SIDRA AHMAD
NATIONAL COLLEGE OF BUSINESS & ADMINISTRATION(NCBA)
TABLE OF CONTENTS

• Port Addressing
• MAC Addressing
• IP Addressing
• IPv4 & IPV6
• Classes of IP Addresses
PORT ADDRESSING

• Port addressing assigns unique numerical identifiers (port numbers) to network services
or applications to facilitate communication over a network.
• It helps differentiate multiple services on the same device, ensuring data reaches the
correct application.
• Range from 0 to 65535
• Well-Known Ports (0-1023): Reserved for standard services like HTTP (port 80) or
FTP (port 21).
• Registered Ports (1024-49151): Assigned for user-specific applications.
• Dynamic/Private Ports (49152-65535): Temporarily used by client applications.
PORT ADDRESSING

• Common Examples:
• HTTP: Port 80
• HTTPS: Port 443
• FTP: Port 21
• DNS: Port 53
MAC ADDRESSING

• A MAC (Media Access Control) Address is a unique 48-bit identifier assigned to the
Network Interface Card (NIC) of a device.

• Typically represented as 6 pairs of hexadecimal digits , e.g.., 00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E.

• Each MAC address is globally unique and assigned by the NIC manufacturer.
IP ADDRESSING

• An IP (Internet Protocol) Address is a unique numerical identifier assigned to each


device on a network to facilitate communication.
• IPv4: 32-bit address, written in dotted decimal format (e.g., 192.168.1.1).
• IPv6: 128-bit address, written in hexadecimal format (e.g.,
2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334).
IPV4

• IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) is a 32-bit address system used to identify devices
on a network.
• Represented in dotted decimal notation with four octets (e.g., 192.168.1.1), each
ranging from 0 to 255.
• Provides approximately 4.3 billion unique addresses (2³²).
IPV6

• IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) is a 128-bit address system used to identify


devices on a network.
• Written in colon-separated hexadecimal notation, consisting of eight groups of
four hexadecimal digits (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334).
• Provides an almost unlimited number of unique addresses (~3.4 × 10³⁸).
CLASSES OF IP ADDRESS

Divided into five classes based on the range of the first octet:
• Class A: Large networks (0 to 126) .e.g., (125.255.23.17)
• Class B: Medium-sized networks (128 to 191) .e.g., (191.23.28.144)
• Class C: Small networks (192 to 223) .e.g., (192.204.18.114)
• Class D: Multicast (224 to 239) .e.g.,(Used for multicasting)
• Class E: Experimental (240 to 255) .e.g., (Used for Research)

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