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Connectionist Approach

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23 views7 pages

Connectionist Approach

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Uploaded by

42087692
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© © All Rights Reserved
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NATIONAL UNIVERSIITY OF EDUCATION

Enrique Guzmán y Valle

CONNECTIONIST
APPROACHES
Course: Second Language Acquisition Group: 3
Teacher: Mg. Roger Isidro Fabian
Members:

Virginia Enriquez Lapa


Luz Marina Luis Acuña
Daniel Padilla Cuadrado
Giulianna Quispe Ramos
Mitzy Rimari Bernable
Luz Ventura Palomino
DEFINITION
Connectionist approaches provide a novel view of how knowledge is represented in children and a
compelling picture of how and why developmental transitions occur. Like other modeling techniques,
connectionism has increased the precision of theorizing and thus clarified theoretical debates.

Connectionism (coined by Edward Thorndike in the 1930s) is the name of an approach


to the study of human mental processes and cognition that utilizes mathematical
models known as connectionist networks or artificial neural networks. Connectionism
has had many 'waves' since its beginnings.

The current (third) wave has been


The second wave blossomed in the late 1980s, marked by advances in Deep
The first wave appeared
following the 1987 book about Parallel Distributed Learning allowing for Large
1943 to 1980 with Warren
Processing by James L. McClelland, David E. language models. The success of
Sturgis McCulloch and
Rumelhart et al., which introduced a couple of deep learning networks in the past
Walter Pitts both focusing
improvements to the simple perceptron idea, such decade has greatly increased the
on comprehending neural
popularity of this approach, but
circuitry through a formal as intermediate processors (known as "hidden
the complexity and scale of such
and mathematical layers" now) alongside input and output units and
networks has brought with them
approach used sigmoid activation function instead of the increased interpretability
old 'all-or-nothing' function. problems.
Key points to understand the connectionist approach :

The fundamental building blocks of connectionist models are artificial neurons, which
are inspired by biological neurons in the human brain.
1. Basic Unit: Neurons
Each artificial neuron receives input from multiple sources, processes this information,
and produces an output signal.

Neurons are organized into layers within a neural network. The typical layers
include:
Input layer: Receives external input.
2. Network Structure: Layers Hidden layers: Intermediate layers that process information.
Output layer: Produces the final output of the network.

The connections between neurons are represented by weights, which


3. Interconnections: Weights determine the strength of the connection

Each neuron uses an activation function to determine its output


4. Activation Function based on the weighted sum of its inputs.
PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
In psychology, parallel processing is the ability of
the brain to simultaneously process incoming stimuli
of differing quality. Parallel processing is associated
with the visual system in that the brain divides what
it sees into four components: color, motion, shape,
and depth
Processing units
These units may include abstract elements such as
features, shapes and words, and are generally
categorised into three types: input, output and
hidden units.

Input units receive signals from either sensory


stimuli or other parts of the processing system.
The output units send signals out of the system.
The hidden units function entirely inside the system.
PRINCIPLES OF
CONNECTIONIST MODELING
“regular” aspects of a task / “irregular” aspec Localist Models of
PROCESSING Point in a multi-dimensional state space. Word Recognition

Localist representations / distributed


representation representations / manipulate directly
Distributed Models of
Unsupervised procedures / supervised
Word Recognition
learning rocedures / reinforcement rocedures

network Effectiveness of learning / explore structure / “Dual-Route” Models


empirical phenomena of Reading Aloud
arquitecture
PROPERTIES OF CONNECTIONIST
APPROACHES

Neural learning Self-adaptive


Activation Spread Parallel processing dynamic systems
The key pieces to propagate
Within neuronal networks, and strengthen these nervous With neural networks
We have already indicated in previous
the micro units (neurons) interrelationships are
lines that neurons are not activated it is possible to get the
that are activated experience and repetition. The in series (one after another).
stimulate adjacent ones, more repetitive stimuli system to recognize
Activation is carried out in parallel,
which facilitates their received, the more neural so it is possible to process different patterns without
activation or inhibition. connections will be activation patterns at the same time. showing it explicit
strengthened. recognition rules.
CONCLUSION
THE CONNECTIONIST APPROACH IS A STUDY
OF THE MENTAL, COGNITIVE PROCESSES OF
THE HUMAN BEING

THE STRENGTH OF THE CONNETION AND ITS


CHANGES IS DUE TO INTERACTIONS AND
INFORMATION PROCESSES

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