Key

Lumberjack Graphs
You learned yesterday that logarithms undo exponentials by finding the missing exponent.
Today we’re going to explore the graphs of these inverse functions.

is
put

g-
The table below represents the function ! = log ! ('). Use the table to graph the function and
answer the following questions: exponent
÷
! " 1. What value of ' would

;÷!
produce an output of −5?
y=z×
'

¼ −2
How do you know?
½ −1 s=
since 2- Yzz
1 0
,
←
-
- - - -

2 1 1092 =
-5

/
4 2 9=109 , ✗ 2. What is the domain and
range of this function?
0
Domain : ✗ >

IR
3. How are your answers to question 2 related to the domain and range of ! = 2" ?Range
:

2× R
Domain of
Domaintrangeareswitchedlin
:

Range of z× :
y
> 0

4. The graphs of three parent logarithmic functions are shown below.

109,4,eb°1=0
a. What do all of these graphs have in
common? at ✗ =o
=\ - vertical asymptote
- increase slowly
gin
-

go through ( 1,0 )
b. The equations for the three graphs are
! = log ', ! = log # ' and ! = ln '.
=\
Which is which? How do you know?
109 # Green l solid )=ln× , when -1=1 ,
aiswnnooite #
✗

Blue ( dotted ) = log ✗ be of point 14,1 )

since
=b
,
Red ( dashed ) =
logo ✗ because
bi of the pt ( 10 , 1)
c. Use the graph to estimate log # 6. What
does your answer mean?
II. 3 413=6
5. Suppose we shift the function ! = log # ' to the right three units.
Transformations
affect ✗ intercept, !
-

a. Write a new equation, *('), for the transformed function. domain

asymptote &
g.1×7=10941×-3 )
b. How will this transformation affect the '-intercept, asymptote, domain, and range?
now 14.0 ) instead of ( 1,0 )
✗ -

intercept
at ✗ =3 instead of ✗ -0
vertical asymptote
-

3 instead of ✗ 0
Domain :
× > >

Range : unchanged .
 Lesson 5.5—Graphs of Logarithmic Functions
QuickNotes
functions look like
y= logbx
Parent logarithmicb
for base > 01 b¥ ' '

?y=b×
any ,

←.. __i¥É=%x
pts lib)
:
2 Key Domain :X > 0 •

intercept range IR
( 1,0) ✗ :
→ .
-

(b. 1) → Identity
:X -0
vertical asymptote
are inverses !
"
b and logbx
1 This includes e× and
logex
-_
lnx )
Check Your Understanding
1. Graph 0(') = log $ (−') without a calculator and identify the following:

a. Vertical Asymptote
✗ = 0

b. X-intercept
✗ = I
•\•

)
-

c. Domain
✗ < 0

d. Range

IR
2. Match the following equations with their graphs. Do not use a calculator.
downs
1 ☐B 1
! = −2log ! ' ④ ! = 3log ! ' ! = log ! ( ' − 5) ! = −2log ! ' + 5 ! = log ! ' − 5
reflection over x-axis 2 2
④
reflection over
rights ④ ups
x-axis
④

A B C D E

3. Write an equation for a logarithmic function that has a vertical asymptote at ' = 5 and =

goes through the point (11, 1). to

moved 5 the

logblx 5) Y
y=log,
-

=
right

61=11-5 b=6