Math 211 Spring 2025

Examples Sheet – 1
 
1 5 −3 −9
1. Place the augmented matrix 0 −13 5 37  into reduced row echelon form.
0 0 5 −15
2. Solve the following linear system by applying Gaussian elimination with back substitu-
tion:

x + 2y + z = 1
2x + 2y + 3z = 2
5x + 8y + 2z = 4

3. Solve the following linear system by placing the augmented matrix in row echelon
form.
(a)

x + 2y + 3z = 12
2x − y + 5z = 3
3x + 3y + 6z = 21

(b)

2x − y − 4z = 0
3x + 5y + 2z = 5
4x − 3y + 6z = −16

4. Solve the following linear system by placing the augmented matrix in reduced row
echelon form.
(a)

x + y + 2z = 9
4x + 4y − 3z = 3
5x + y + 2z = 13

(b)

x + y + z = −2
2x − y − z = −4
4x + 2y − 3z = −3

(c)

−2x + 3y − 2z = 8
−x + 2y − 10z = 0
5x − 7y + 4z = −20

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 Math 211 Examples Sheet – 1 Spring 2025

5. Solve the system

x + 3y + 2z = 13
4x + 4y − 3z = 3
5x + y + 2z = 13

6. Solve the folowing system by using the Gaussian elimination:

x −y +2z +3u = 1
−x +y +2w −5u = 5
x −y +4z +2w +4u = 13
ons in Linear Algebra −2x +2y −5z −w −3u = −1

7. An important concern in the study of heat transfer is to determine the steady-state

stants such that istemperature
not zero temperature
distributionaround the plate
of a thin boundary
whenistheknown. Assume around
temperature the platethe boundary
tent for all possible values
is known. of Assume
shown inthetheplate
figureshown
represents
in thea cross section
figure of a metal
represents beam,
a cross with of a metal
section
ut the numbers , , beam,
, and with? negligible
negligibleheat
heatflow in the
flow in direction perpendicular
the direction to the plate.
perpendicular Let plate. Let
to the
T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 denote thedenote the temperatures
temperatures at theinterior
at the four four interior
nodesnodes
of theof mesh in the
the mesh in theatfigure.
figure. The temperature a node Theis temperature
approximatelyat a node
equalis to
approximately
the average of the four
nearest nodes—to equal tothe
theleft,
average
above,of the
to four nearestand
the right, nodes—to
below. theForleft, above,
instance,
to the right, and below.2 For instance,
tary row operation that trans-
nd, and then find the reverse CT1 =C(10 + 20 +orT2 + T4 )/4.
cond matrix into the first. 208 208

1 2
108 408
4 3
108 408

308 308

43. Write a system of four equations whose solution gives esti-

(a) Write a system of four equations whose solution gives estimates for the temper-
mates for the temperatures .
atures T1 − T4 .
44.system
(b) Solve the Solve of
theequations.
system of equations from Exercise 43. [Hint: To
speed up the calculations, interchange rows 1 and 4 before
8. Suppose experimental
startingdata are represented
“replace” operations.] by a set of points in the plane. An
interpolating polynomial for the data is a polynomial whose graph passes through
every point. In scientific work, such a polynomial can be used, for example, to
f heat transfer is to determine Seebetween
estimate values Frank M. the
White, Heat and
known Mass
data Transfer
points. (Reading,use
Another MA:is to create curves for
ution of a thin plate when Addison-Wesley Publishing, 1991), pp. 145–149.
the images on a computer screen. One method for finding an interpolating
graphical
polynomial is to solve a system of linear equations.
Find the interpolating polynomial p(t) = a0 +a1 t+a2 t2 for the data (1, 11), (2, 16), (3, 19).
That is, find a0 , a1 , and a2 such that

Solutions to Practice Problems a0 + a1 (1) + a2 (1)2 = 11

a0 + ais2 (2)
1. a. For “hand computation,” the best choice to + a3 (2)2 = equations
interchange 16 3 and 4.
2
a + a
Another possibility is to multiply equation 3 by
0 2 (3) + a 3 (3) = 19.
. Or, replace equation 4 by
its sum with times row 3. (In any case, do not use the in equation 2 to
eliminate the
SDemir in equation 1. Wait until a triangular form has been reached Page 2 of 2
and the terms and terms have been eliminated from the first two equations.)
b. The system is in triangular form. Further simplification begins with the in the