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Internet and Open Source Concepts

Chapter 16 discusses internet and open source concepts, defining internetworks, types of networks (internet, intranet, extranet), and various software categories including open source, proprietary, freeware, and shareware. It also covers e-commerce types (B2B, B2C, C2B, C2C), highlighting advantages such as 24/7 availability and competitive pricing, along with disadvantages like high initial costs and security concerns. Key organizations like OSI and W3C are mentioned, along with essential terms related to web technology.

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20 views4 pages

Internet and Open Source Concepts

Chapter 16 discusses internet and open source concepts, defining internetworks, types of networks (internet, intranet, extranet), and various software categories including open source, proprietary, freeware, and shareware. It also covers e-commerce types (B2B, B2C, C2B, C2C), highlighting advantages such as 24/7 availability and competitive pricing, along with disadvantages like high initial costs and security concerns. Key organizations like OSI and W3C are mentioned, along with essential terms related to web technology.

Uploaded by

tan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 16- Internet and Open Source Concepts

Chapter-16
INTERNET AND OPEN SOURCE CONCEPTS
 Introduction:
 Internetwork: An internetwork is a collection of individual networks, connected by intermediate
networking devices, that functions as a single large network.
 Classification of Internetworks:
o Internet: The globe public network.
o Intranets: The wholly owned/private internetworks.
o Extranets: The hybrid internetworks: private networks/ internetworks connected through
the internet
 The term “open source” software is used to refer to those categories of software/ programs
whose licenses do not impose much condition.

 Terminology and Definitions:


 Free Software:
 Free software means the software is freely accessible and can be freely used, changed,
improved, copied and distributed by all who wish to do so.

 Open Source Software:


 Open Source Software, on the other hand, can be freely used but it does not have to be free of
charge.

 OSS:
 OSS refers to open source software, which refers to software whose source code is available to
customers and it can be modified and redistributed without any limitation.
 FLOSS:
 FLOSS refers to Free Libre and open Source Software or to Free Livre and Open Source
Software.
 The term FLOSS is used to refer to software which is both free software as well as open source
software.
 Here the words Libre (a Spanish word) and Livre (a Portuguese’s word) mean freedom.
 GNU:
 GNU is a Unix-like computer operating system developed by the GNU project.

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Chapter 16- Internet and Open Source Concepts

 OSI:
 OSI is Open Source Initiative. It is an organization dedicated to cause of promoting open
source software.
 Bruce Perens and Erics Raymond were the founders of OSI that was founded in February
1998.
 W3C:
 W3C is acronym for World Wide Web Consortium.
 W3C is responsible for producing the software standards for World Wide Web.
 The W3C was created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1994.
 Proprietary Software:
 Proprietary software or closed source software is the software that is neither open nor freely
available.

 Freeware:
 The term freeware has no clear definition, but is generally used for software, which is available
free of cost and which allows copying and further distribution, but not modification and whose
source code is not available.

 Shareware:
 Shareware is software, offered as trial version (for limited period of time) with certain features
only available after the license is purchased.

 Telnet (Remote Login):


 Telnet (Teletype network) is an order Internet utility that lets you log on to remote computer
systems.
 Web Browser:
 A Web Browser is software application that enables the user to view web pages, navigate web
sites and move from one website to another.
 Some of the web browsers are Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Mozilla
Firefox, and Opera.
 Web Server:
 A Web Server is a WWW server that responds made by web browsers.
 Example: Chrome, Apache, (Personal web server for Windows 98).
 Web sites:
 A Web site is collection of web pages, images, videos and other digital assets and hosted on a

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Chapter 16- Internet and Open Source Concepts
particular domain on the WWW.

 Web page:
 A document that can be viewed in a web browser and residing on a website is a web page.
 E-Commerce:
 E-Commerce is the trade of goods and services with the help of telecommunications and
computers.

 Different types of E-Commerce


⚫ Business-to-Business (B2B)
⚫ Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
⚫ Consumer-to-Business (C2B)
⚫ Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
 Business-to-Business (B2B):
⚫ The exchange of services, information and/or products from one business to another business
partners.
⚫ Examples: Intel selling microprocessor to Dell
 Business-to-Consumer (B2C):
⚫ The exchange of services, information and/or product from business to a consumer.
⚫ Example: Dell selling me a laptop. Websites: Flipkart, Amazon, Snapdeal.
 Consumer-to-Business (C2B):
⚫ Customer directly contact with business vendors by posting their project work with set budget
online so that needy companies review it and contact the customer directly with bid.
⚫ Example: guru.com, freelancer.com
 Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
⚫ E-commerce is simply commerce between private individuals or consumers.
⚫ Example: Ram buying smartphone from Sham using OLX
 Advantages of e-commerce
⚫ Buying & selling can be done online at any time (24 hours) money.
⚫ It provides faster payments through Electronic Fund Transfer.
⚫ Online payment reduces work of carrying money to the shop and also saves money.
⚫ Customer can search for competitive prices quickly before purchasing the items.
⚫ Wider choice for item selection.
⚫ Without going to the shops customers can view the products through websites thus saves time.
 Disadvantages of e-commerce
⚫ Initial cost is high.
⚫ E-Commerce websites needs to be protected from virus attacks, hackers.
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Chapter 16- Internet and Open Source Concepts
⚫ Needs more security.
⚫ Some company may charge more for shipping or other transport.
⚫ There is the possibility of credit card number theft.
⚫ Mechanical failures can cause unpredictable effects on the total processes

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