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Exercise 2 Os

The document provides an overview of basic UNIX commands, including general purpose commands like date, cal, echo, and ls, as well as file manipulation commands such as cat, grep, and rm. It also covers directory commands like cd, mkdir, and rmdir, along with their syntax and examples. The aim is to familiarize users with essential UNIX commands and their functionalities.

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tannam1071980
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15 views4 pages

Exercise 2 Os

The document provides an overview of basic UNIX commands, including general purpose commands like date, cal, echo, and ls, as well as file manipulation commands such as cat, grep, and rm. It also covers directory commands like cd, mkdir, and rmdir, along with their syntax and examples. The aim is to familiarize users with essential UNIX commands and their functionalities.

Uploaded by

tannam1071980
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASICS OF UNIX COMMANDS

Ex.No:2.a
GENERAL PURPOSE
COMMANDS

AIM:
To study of Basic UNIX Commands and various UNIX editors such as vi, ed, exand EMACS.
a) date
–used to check the date and time
Syn:$date
Format Purpose Example Result
+%m To display only month $date+%m 06
+%h To display month name $date+%h June
+%d To display day of month $date+%d O1
+%y To display last two digits of years $date+%y 09
+%H To display hours $date+%H 10
+%M To display minutes $date+%M 45
+%S To display seconds $date+%S 55

b) cal
–used to display the calendar
Syn:$cal 2 2009

c)echo
–used to print the message on the screen.
Syn:$echo “text”

d) ls
–used to list the files. Your files are kept in a directory.
Syn:$lsls–s
All files (include files with prefix)
ls–l Lodetai (provide file statistics)
ls–t Order by creation time
ls– u Sort by access time (or show when last accessed together with –l)
ls–s Order by size
ls–r Reverse order
ls–f Mark directories with /,executable with* , symbolic links with @, local sockets with =,
named pipes(FIFOs)with
ls–s Show file size

ls– h“ Human Readable”, show file size in Kilo Bytes & Mega Bytes (h can be used together with –l
or)ls[a-m]*List all the files whose name begin with alphabets From „a‟ to „m‟ls[a]*List all the files whose
name begins with „a‟ or „A‟
Eg:$ls>my list Output of „ls‟ command is stored to disk file named „my list‟

e)lp
–used to take printouts
Syn:$lp filename
f)man
–used to provide manual help on every UNIX commands.
Syn:$man unix command
$man cat

g)who & whoami


–it displays data about all users who have logged into the system currently. The next command
displays about current user only.
Syn:$who$whoami

h) uptime
–tells you how long the computer has been running since its last reboot or power-off.
Syn:$uptime

i)uname
–it displays the system information such as hardware platform, system name and processor, OS type.
Syn:$uname–a

j) hostname
–displays and set system host name
Syn:$ hostname

k) bc
–stands for „best calculator‟

$bc $ bc $ bc $ bc
10/2*3 scale =1 ibase=2 sqrt(196)
15 2.25+1 obase=16 14 quit
3.35 11010011
quit 89275
1010
Ā
Quit
$bc $ bc-l
for(i=1;i<3;i=i+1)I scale=2
1 s(3.14)
2 0
3 quit
Ex.N0.2.B FILE MANIPULATION COMMANDS
a) cat–this create, view and concatenate files.
Creation:
Syn:$cat>filename

Viewing:
Syn:$cat filename
Add text to an existing file:
Syn:$cat>>filename

Concatenate:
Syn:$catfile1file2>file3
$catfile1file2>>file3 (no over writing of file3)

b) grep–used to search a particular word or pattern related to that word from the file.
Syn:$grep search word filename
Eg:$grep anu student

c) rm–deletes a file from the file system


Syn:$rm filename

d) touch–used to create a blank file.


Syn:$touch file names

e) cp–copies the files or


directories Syn:$cpsource file
destination file Eg:$cp student
stud

f) mv–to rename the file or directory


syn:$mv old file new file
Eg:$mv–i student student list(-i prompt when overwrite)

g) cut–it cuts or pickup a given number of character or fields of the file.


Syn:$cut<option><filename>
Eg: $cut –c filename
$cut–c1-10emp
$cut–f 3,6emp
$ cut –f 3-6 emp
-c cutting columns
-f cutting fields

h) head–displays10 lines from the head(top)of a given file


Syn:$head filename
Eg:$head student
Ex.N0.2.C DIRECTORY COMMANDS

a) cd- The cd command stands for (change directory). It is used to change to the directory you want
to work from the present directory.
Syn:cd dirname
Eg:$cd 251062

b) mkdir- With mkdir command you can create your own directory
Syn:mkdir dirname
Eg:$mkdir os_programs

c) rmdir- The rmdir command is used to remove a directory from your system
Syn:rmdir dirname
Eg:$rmdir 251062

d) ls- The ls command is used to show the list of a folder. It will list out all the files in the
directed folder.
Syn:ls dirname
Eg:$ls os_programs

e) pwd – The pwd command stands for (print working directory). It displays the current working
location or directory of the user. It displays the whole working path starting with /. It is a
a built-in command.
Syn:pwd dirname
Eg:$pwd os_programs

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