Lesson

Techniques in Maintaining
3 Networks

Welcome to the third lesson!

What’s New
__________________________________________________________________________________

Before you start the lesson on occupational health and safety (OHS)
policies and procedures, you need to do the activity below.

Activity 1. 4 Pic 1 Word

Directions: Study carefully the pictures below and guess the word that these pictures
try to tell. Write your answer on another sheet of paper.

Figure 1 Source: https://footage.framepool.com/shotimg/qf/648363843-problem-solving- Figure 2 Source: https://www.publicdomainpictures.net/pictures/240000/velka/problem-

brainstorming-stress-planning.jpg solved.jpgSource: https://www.publicdomainpictures.net/pictures/240000/velka/problem-
solved.jpg

Figure 4 Source: https://www.autopartsrepairs.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Dodge-Ram- Figure 3 Source: https://www.linkedin.com/media-proxy/ext?

Exhaust-Color-Diagnosis-White-Smoke-Blue-Black.jpeg w=1200&h=675&hash=jtnVgWP6hsu4KHK4YsSn9FAwUAk
%3D&ora=1%2CaFBCTXdkRmpGL2lvQUFBPQ%2CxAVta5g-0R6plxVUzgUv5K_PrkC9q0RIUJD
PBy-gUyGr_NWfYX_teMHfZLSiolkTfioJlgI6duqsSTHgGo69LcLmY4Yx3A
 The word is ______________________________________________________.

What Is It

How to Maintain the Network Systems Following the Best Practice in

Troubleshooting

Issues can arise at numerous points along the network. Before you start trying to
troubleshoot any issue, have a clear understanding of what the problem is, how it came
up, who is affected, and how long does the problem occur. By gathering the right
information and clarifying the problem, you have the chance to resolve the issue quickly
without wasting time and trying unnecessary fixes.

Start fixing the problem using the simple network troubleshooting steps to help
diagnose and refine the issue.

1. Check the hardware.

When you begin the troubleshooting process, check all the hardware to make
sure it is connected properly, is turned on and working. If the cord is loose or somebody
has switched off an important router, this can be the problem behind the networking
issues. There is no point in going through the process of troubleshooting network issues
if what you need to do is plug in the cord. Make sure all switches are in correct positions
and have not bumped accidentally.

Next, turn the hardware off and back on again. This is the mainstay of IT
troubleshooting and while it might sound simple, often it really solves the problem.
Power cycling the modem, router, and PC can solve simple issues. Just be sure to
leave each device off for at least 60 seconds before turning it back on.

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2. Use ipconfig.

Open the command prompt and type “ipconfig” (without the quotes) into the
terminal. The Default Gateway (listed last) is the router’s IP. The computer’s IP address
is the number next to “IP Address.” If the computer’s IP address starts with 169, the
computer is not receiving a valid IP address. If it starts with anything other than 169, the
computer is being allocated with a valid IP address from the router.

Try typing in “ipconfig/release” followed by “ipconfig /renew” to get rid of the

current IP address and request a new one. This will in some cases solve the problem. If
you still cannot get a valid IP from the router, try plugging the computer straight into the
modem using an ethernet cable. If it works, the problem lies with the router.

3. Use ping and tracert.

If the router is working fine and the IP address starts with something other than
169, the problems most likely are located between the router and internet. At this point,
it is time to use the ping tool. Try sending a ping to a well-known, large server, such as
Google, to see if it can connect with the router. You can ping Google DNS servers by
opening the command prompt and typing “ping 8.8.8.8”; you can also add “-t” to the end
(ping 8.8.8.8 -t) to get it to keep pinging the servers while you troubleshoot. If the pings
fail to send, the command prompt will return the basic information about the issue.

You can use the tracert command to do the same thing by typing “tracert
8.8.8.8”; this will show you each step, or “hop,” between the router and the Google DNS
servers. You can see where along the pathway the error is arising. If the error comes up
early along the pathway, the issue is more likely somewhere in the local network.

4. Perform a DNS check.

Use the command “nslookup” to determine whether there is a problem with the
server you are trying to connect to. If you perform a DNS checking on, for example,
google.com and receive results such as “Timed Out,” “Server Failure,” “Refused,” “No
Response from Server,” or “Network Is Unreachable,” it may indicate the problem
originates in the DNS server for the destination. (You can also use nslookup to check
your own DNS server.)
5. Contact the ISP.

If all of the above turn up no problems, try contacting the internet service
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provider to see if they are having issues. You can also look up outage maps and related
information on a smartphone to see if others in the area are having the same problem.

6. Check on virus and malware protection.

Next, make sure the virus and malware tools are running correctly, and they have
not flagged anything that can affect part of the network and stop it from functioning.

7. Review database logs.

Review all the database logs to make sure the databases are functioning as
expected. If the network is working but the database is full or malfunctioning, it can
cause problems that flow on and affect the network performance.

What’s More
__________________________________________________________________________________

The succeeding activity is for your independent practice to solidify your

understanding and skills learned about the topic.

Packet InterNet Groper (ping) uses an Internet Control Message Protocol

(ICMP) echo request and replies to test if a host IP stack is initialized and alive on the
network. On the other hand, traceroute displays the list of routers on a path to a
network destination by using TTL time-outs and ICMP error messages.

Activity 2. Pinging

Directions: Perform the task below and identify the response made by the computer.
Write your responses on another sheet of paper.

1
2
3
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What I Have Learned

__________________________________________________________________________________

The next activity is designed to process what you have learned from the
lesson. You can do it.

Activity 3. Graphic Organizer

Directions: Complete the graphic organizer below following the steps of

troubleshooting presented in the lesson. Write your answers on the activity
notebook.

What I Can Do
__________________________________________________________________________________

What you just did to the previous activity was great enough. Keep up the
good work. The following task will showcase your skills and knowledge
gained which can be applied in real-life concerns and situations.

Activity 4. Tracert and Ping

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Directions: Perform the task below and identify the response made by the computer.
Compare the output in Activity 3.

1
2
3

Assessment
_________________________________________________________________________________

Awesome! You made it to “Assessment” part. A task will be given to you to

evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency. Just
be patient in answering it. Believe in yourself.

Activity 5.

Directions: Read and answer the items below. Write the word of your answer after
each item on another sheet of paper..

tracert ipconfig nestat ping nslookup

Review
Check DNS Check for virus Contact ISP
database logs

1. What command is used to test the ability of the source computer to reach a
specified destination computer?
2. A network technician has received comments from several users that cannot reach
a particular website. Which of the following utilities will produce the results printed
below?

Tracing route to 172.30.9.78 over a maximum of 30 hops

1 <1 ms <1 ms 172.30.0.78
3. A technician is troubleshooting a network data transmission issue. Possible
diagnostic means was carried out. When he checked on the database, it is full.
What did he do to solve the issue?
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4. Which of the following can be issued from the command line to determine whether
there is a problem with the server you are trying to connect to?

5. A network technician determines that two dynamically assigned workstations have

duplicate IP addresses. Which of the following commands should the technician
use to correct this problem?