Module

in

GEE5

LIVING IN THE IT ERA

2nd Semester 2021-2022

Bangquillo John Loyd A.

BSCE-2
1
Title of the Chapter:
The Information and
Communication Technology

Pre-test
Multiple Choice: Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. It refers to the physical components of a computer that one can

actually touch which provide information and instructions to the
computer. Examples are mouse, printer, speakers etc.
a. Internet c. Software
b. WWW d. Hardware

2. These are the largest, fastest and most expensive computers.

a. Microcomputers c. Mainframe computers
b. Desktop computers d. Supercomputers

3. It is an act of transmitting messages.

a. DVD Player c. Telephone
b. Speaker d. Communication

4. It is a communication system connecting two or more computers

a. Telephone c. Cable
b. Network d. None of the choices

5. It is a software that helps the computer to perform essential operating

tasks and enables the application software to run.
a. Application software c. Microsoft Office 95
b. Microsoft Office XP d. System software

6. 1 gigabyte is more than how many characters

a. 1 trillion characters c. 1 billion characters
b. 1 quadrillion characters d. 1 million characters

7. 1 terabyte is more than how many characters

a. 1 trillion characters c. 1 billion characters
b. 1 quadrillion characters d. 1 million characters

8. It is an input device that has alphabetic, numeric and function keys

for the entry of information.
 a. mouse c. keyboard
b. speaker d. projector

9. It is an input device that enables to input voice or music as data.

a. mouse c. microphone
b. keyboard d. speaker

10. It refers to the knowledge obtained from reading, investigation, study

or research.
a. Information technology c. Information
b. Technology d. communication
Lesson 1- Introduction to Information and Communication
Technology

Activities/Exercises
Rubrics: 10 points each (Organization-5; Content-5)

1. Differentiate data, information and knowledge by providing a

scenario that could be observed from your environment
(family or community). (See sample from Figure 1 to Figure
2)

DATA INFORMATION KNOWLEDGE

50 Father’s Age
49 Mother’s Age
27 First Daughter’s
With the given
Age
data and
24 Second Daughter’s
information,
Age
we developed
22 Third Daughter’s
knowledge
Age
about the age
20 Fourth Daughter’s
of every
Age
member in our
18 First Son’s Age
2. family. Wha
14 Second Son’s Age
t do
13 Fifth Daughter’s you
Age
think is/ are the relationship/s of information, technology,
Information Technology and ICT?

I think that the terms information, technology, and

information technology are all under the broad term
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). An
information is a data presented or a message that is being
conveyed. Technology is accomplishing tasks using technical
processes. Then Information Technology is producing
information through the use of technology. Information and
Communication Technologies (ICT) is a broader term for IT,
which refers to all communication technologies, including
 internet, wireless networks, cellphones, computers, software,
middleware, video conferencing, social networking, and
other media applicants and services.

3. How do you associate the concepts of internet, cyberspace

and World Wide Web?

Cyberspace refers to the virtual environment in which people

communicate and interact with others. Internet is basically a
part of cyberspace. Internet is a global system of
interconnected computer networks that are set up to
exchange various types of data. The term internet is often
used interchangeably with the term world wide web. They
are distinctly different, however. The internet refers to
hardware and software infrastructure that connects
computers around the globe, the world wide web refers to a
service that can be accessed via the internet. This service
consists of interconnected documents and a variety of
resources.
Evaluation/Post-test
TRUE or FALSE. On the space provided before the item, write your
surname if the statement is TRUE. On the other hand, write the
surname of your teacher if the statement is FALSE and provide the
correct answer on the blank provided after the statement (2 points)

1. ______________.Cyber
TRUE comes from the word “cybernetics,” a
term coined in 1948.
FALSE
2. ______________.Data means using a computer or some other
information device, connected through a
Onlin
network._______________________
3. ______________.IT isea subset of ICT as the technology used in
TRUE
the field of IT as aids in the use of ICT.
FALS
4. ______________.Information Technology is a manner of
E
accomplishing a task especially using technical processes,
Technolo
methods, or knowledge. _________________________
TRUE gy
5. ______________.Processing information includes giving a
meaning into the data as a way to interpret it.
6. ______________.Datum
FALS is the Greek word for Data.Latin
___
E
7. ______________.ICT
TRUE is technology that support activities
involving information such as gathering processing, storing
and presenting data involving collocation and
TRUE
communication.
8. ______________.Information Communication Technology refers
to the convergence of audio-visual and telephone networks
with computer networks through a single cabling or link
system. TRUE
9. ______________.The word multimedia is from “multiple media.”
FALS
10. ______________.Information are facts, figures, or
E
instructions presented in a form that can be comprehended,
interpreted, and communicated by a human being or
processedDatby a computer. ___________________
a
Lesson 2. The “All-Purpose Machine”: The Varieties of Computers

D-Activities/Exercises
Rubrics: 10 points each (Organization-5; Content-5)

1. What are the five sizes of computers and how would you
differentiate them from each other?

The five sizes of computers are Microcontrollers,

Microcomputers, Workstations, Mainframe computers, and
supercomputers. The microcomputers are tiny, specialized
microprocessors installed in smart appliances and
automobiles. Microcomputers are the smallest in size,
cheapest, and have the least operational speed and memory
capacity. Workstations are expensive, powerful personal
computers usually used for technical or scientific
applications. Mainframe computers are designed in such a
way that it can support hundreds or thousands of users at the
same time. Supercomputers are the largest, fastest, and most
expensive computers.

2. What are the uses of servers? Provide at least three functions

that it could perform.

Servers holds collections of data (databases) and programs

for connecting or supplying services to PC’s, workstations
and other devices. Some of the functions that a server could
perform are; it can store files, provide printing stations, and
transmit email.
 E-Evaluation/Post-test

Fill in the blank (1 point each).

Sequoia
1. ___________This is a 20 petaflops supercomputer released by
IBM in 2011.
Netbooks is a microcomputer that weighs from 2.25 to 3.2
2. ___________It
pounds, have little processing power, and have screens
between 8.9 and 12 inches wide diagonally.
Notebook is a microcomputer that weighs from from 1.8 to
3. ___________It
s
9 pounds.
Microcomputers
4. ___________It is considered as the cheapest among the 5 sizes
of computers.
Microcontrollers
5. ___________It is also called as embedded computer.
Microcontrollers
6. ___________This size of computer is behind single-function
products such as digital cameras, MP3 and MP4 players, and
organizers, which have been developed into hybrid forms
such as gadgets that store photos and videos as well as
Microcomputers
music.
7. ___________It is a type of computer that is least operational
speed and memory capacity and that is either stand-alone
machines or are connected to a computer network, such as a
Personal Digital
local area (PDA)
Assistance network.
8. ___________They are also called handheld computer.
9. Small
___________They are also called midsize computers.
Mainframes
10. Supercomputers
___________These are computers that have high-capacity
machines with thousands of processors and can perform
more than several trillion calculations per second.
Lesson 3. Understanding Your Computers: An Overview on How a
Computer Works.

D-Activities:
Rubrics: 5 points each (Organization-5; Content-5)

1. Write a story that shows the application of the 5 basic operations of

computer.

Mark had to submit a softcopy of his thesis paper to his professor. He

used his laptop to encode a copy of his work. Then, he reviewed and
revised some parts of it. After reviewing, he saved and copied it to his
phone and emailed his final output to his professor.

2. What do you think are the differences of system software and

application software?

System software are primarily designed to manage system-based

resources and operations and act as an interference between
application software and computer hardware. Application software on
the other hand is primarily designed to help users perform specific
tasks. Application software provides an interface between the user and
the system software.

3. How do you differentiate hardware and software?

Hardware is the physical and visible components of the system. These

refers to the physical components of a computer that one can actually touch
which provide information and instructions to the computer. Software, on
the other hand is a set of instructions which enable the hardware to
perform a specific set of tasks.

4. Cite at least 3 hardware and 2 software you have known and describe
their functions.

HARDWARE SOFTWARE
Mouse – small input device that is Anti-virus – a software utility
 use to move the pointer on the designed to protect computer or
screen and click or doble click network against computer viruses.
objects.
Keyboard – an input device consists Word Processor – a software
of buttons, switches or keys which program capable of creating,
are use to type out things on a storing and printing typed
computer. documents.
Printer – a device use to print
documents.

E-Evaluation/Post-test
Scoring: 3 points each

Identify the following computer parts by reading and understanding the

description. Draw your answer in the space provided. Use extra paper, if
you think it is necessary for your works to be more presentable.

1. It is a SPEAKERS
device that play
sounds
transmitted as
electrical signals
from the sound
card.

2. It displays MONITOR
device that takes
the electrical
signals from the
video card and
forms an image
using points of
colored light on
the screen

3. It is a FLOPPY DISK DRIVE

storage device
that stores data
on removable 3.5-
inchdiameter
diskettes.

4. It boxes the CASE OR SYSTEM CABINET

processor chip
(CPU).

5. It is a non- MOUSE
keyboard input
device (“pointing
device”) that is
used to
manipulate
objects viewed on
the computer
display screen.

6. It is an KEYBOARD
input device that
converts letters,
numbers, and
other characters
into electrical
signals readable
by the processor
 7. It is an PRINTER
output device that
produces text and
graphics on
paper.

8. It is a MODEM
device that sends
and receives data
over telephone
lines to and from
computers.

9. It is a HARD DISK DRIVE

storage device
that stores
billions of
characters of data
on a non-
removable disk
platter

10. It is known DVD

as digital
versatile disk.
2
Title of the Chapter:

History of IT

Pre-test
Multiple Choice: Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. It describes an infrastructure that uses the Internet as a medium for

offering and selling services.
a. Morse Code c. Abacus
b. Telecommunication d. Internet of Services

2. He is the Father of Information Theory.

a. Microcomputers c. Charles Babbage
b. Charles Xavier Thomas d. Claude E. Shannon.

3. It is a weaving device incorporated in special looms to control

individual warp yarns
a. Jacquard loom c. Jacquard Mechanism
b. Jacquard Attachment d. All of the choices

4. He invented the Voltaic Battery

a. Lisa Volt c. Alessandro Volta
b. John Mcffaeu d. Fernando Volta

5. He invented the telephone

a. Harvard Mark c. Alexander Graham Bell
b. Guglielmo Marconi d. Samuel F.B. Morse

6. It refers to devices capable of solving problems by processing

information in discrete form
a. abacus c. IoS
b. Digital computers d. digital watches

7. The Fourth Generation of Computer is known as the Age of

______________.
a. The Age of Vacuum Tube c. The Age of Integrated
Circuit
b. The Age of Transistor d. The Age of Microprocessor

8. He devised a punched-card tabulating machine

 a. Herman Hollerith c. G. Murray Hopper
b. Jack S. Kilbey d. All of the choices

9. Tim Berners-Lee developed the ____________.

a. Yahoo c. Facebook
b. COBOL d. HTML

10. It is the basis of the fifth generation computers.

a. Microprocessor c. Nanotechnology
b. Internet d. Artificial intelligence
Lesson 4. Four Basic Periods of Information Technology

D-Activities:

Fill in the blank (1 point each).

Maurice Wilkes
1. _____________.Who completed the EDSAC?
Voltaic Battery is considered as the first electric battery that
2. _____________.It
provided the first source of continuous current.
3. _____________.Who
Ada Lovelace is the first female computer programmer.
4. _____________.
Analytical Engine It is generally considered as the first computer, a
general-purpose computing machine.
5. _____________.
Charles Babbage Who is the “Father of Computing”?
Charles Xavier Thomas
6. _____________.
de Colmar Who developed the Arithmometer?
7. _____________.In earlier civilizations, it is considered as an
Abacus
instrument for performing calculations by sliding counters
along rods or in grooves used by the early civilization for trade
875 AD
and commerce.
8. _____________. When was the concept of zero developed?
Hieroglyphic It means “Sacred Writing”.
9. _____________.
10. _____________.It is considered as the oldest writing system
Cuneiform
known.Language
11. _____________. It is the earliest system in storing
information and transmitting it from one person to another.
12. William _____________.
Oughtred Who invented the slide rule with two sliding
scales that are graduated according to the logarithms of the
Wilhelm Schickard
amounts were calculated.
13. _____________. Who built the first automatic calculator in
Telecommunication
1623?
14. _____________. It is defined as the science and technology
of communication over a distance.
15. Volt
____________. It is a unit of the electromotive force that
Telegraph
drives current.
16. ____________. It a device or system that allows the
transmission of information by coded signals over a distance.
17. Morse____________.
Code It refers to either of two systems for
representing letters of the alphabet, numerals, and punctuation
marks by an arrangement of dots, dashes, and spaces.
18. Alexander Graham
_____________. A Scottish-born American inventor, scientist,
Bell
and teacher of the deaf whose foremost accomplishments were
The Second Generation
Computer
 the invention of the telephone (1876) and the refinement of the
phonograph.
19. ____________. It is known as The Age of Transistor.
20. Chinese
____________. They are the first to master the art of paper
making.

E-Evaluation/Post-test
Rubrics: 10 points (Organization-5; Content-5)
1. Which of the Four Basic Periods of Computer History do you like
or you are interested in the most and why? Kindly present your
opinions/ ideas by comparing and/ or contrasting the Four Periods.

Among the four basic periods of computer history, the one that I
like the most or the one that I find interesting is the
Electromechanical Age (1840-1940). This period got my attention
because out of all the periods, I think it is the simplest yet useful
technology. Even though it is not as high-tech as the Electronic
Age, the discoveries in this period are enough to make the work of
the people easier. I also like the idea of telegraph and the use of
morse code. For me, it is a combination of classic and modern
period of computer. Classic but more developed than the Pre-
mechanical and Mechanical Age.
Lesson 5. Generations of Digital Computer

D-Activities:
1. Create a timeline of events, and inventions made during the five
generations of the computer. You are encouraged to be creative
in making the timeline. Students can use any kind of materials as

First
Gener First computers used vacuum tubes.
ation
Magnetic drums for memory and were often enormous.
Comp
In 1953, International Business Machines (IBM) produced the first of its computers, the IBM 701
uter
In 1954, The FORTRAN programming language, an acronym for FORmula TRANslation, is developed by a team of programmers at IBM led by John Backus
(The
The invention of the integrated circuit (IC) started here as Jack S. Kilbey of Texas Instruments in 1958 developed it.
Age of
Vacuu
m
Cube)
Secon
1951-
d
1958
Gener Second generation moved from cryptic binary machine language
ation Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered
Comp In the 1950s and 1960s, six to seven-digit tags of mainframe computers could only be afforded by the largest companies.
uter Between 1959 and 1961, COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) was invented by Grace Murray Hopper.
(The
Age of
Transi
stor)
Third
1959-
Gener
1964
ation In 1965, integrated circuits began to replace transistors as the internal components used to construct the computer
Comp In 1969, Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service) was developed by Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson.
uter In 1971, the floppy disk was developed by Alan Shugart and his team of IBM engineers. It allowed data to be shared among computers.
(The In 1973, Ethernet was developed by Robert Metcalfe. It was used for connecting multiple computers and other hardware
Age of In 1976, Apple I was developed by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak. Also, Job and Wozniak started the Apple Computers on April Fool's Day.
Integr
ated
Circui
t)
Fourt
h
1965-
Gener
1970
ation In 1977, Apple II personal computer was introduced that is made available to individuals and very small companies.
Comp in 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user
uter 1n 1984, apple introduced the macintosh
(The
Age of
Micro
proce
ssor)
1979-
1980 In 1982, Lotus Development Company was founded by Michael Kapor, a subsidiary of IBM
In 1984, The Macintosh desktop computer was introduced by Apple Macintosh with a very friendly graphical user interface (GUI)
In 1991, LINUX was developed by Linus Torvalds, a reliable and compactly designed operating system that is an offshoot of UNIX
In 1990, HyperText Markup Language (HTML) was developed by Tim Berners-Lee. It gave ways to the World Wide Web (WWW)
In 1993, Mosaic was developed by Marc Andreesen and in 1994, he also developed the Netscape Navigator
In 1994, Yahoo, a global internet services provider was founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo.
Fifth In 1995, Internet Explorer was launched by the Microsoft Corporation.
Gener In 1996, the Google search engine was developed by Sergey Brin and Larry Page
ation In 1997, Apple received an investment from Microsoft worth 150 million
Comp In 1999, the Wi-Fi term becomes part of the computing language and users begin connecting to the Internet without wires
uter In 2000, the Mac OS X operating system was unveiled by Apple
(The In 2004, Facebook was launched by Mark Zuckerberg and his team Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes. In the same year, Firefox 1.0, a web browser, was
Artific released by the Mozilla Corporation
ial In 2005, YouTube, a website for sharing videos, was launched. It was registered by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim.
intelli In 2006, MacBook Pro was introduced by Apple, this is the first Intel-based, dual-core mobile computer and Intel-based iMac
gence In 2007, the iPhone brings many computer functions to the smartphone
) In 2009, Microsoft launched Windows 7, which offers the ability to pin applications to the taskbar and advances in touch and handwriting recognition, among other features
Prese In 2010, the iPad was unveiled by Apple.
nt- In 2011, Chromebook was released by Google. This is a laptop that runs on Google Chrome OS.
Onwa On October 4, 2012, Facebook gained 1 billion users.
rd In 2015, Apple Watch was released by Apple. While Windows 10 was released by Microsoft.
 long as the output is accurate, neat, and creative. (Scoring
Rubrics: 30 points (Accuracy-10; Creativity-10; Organization-10)

2. Matching Type. Write the letter of your answer on the space

provided before the question (1 point each)

H
1. ______.The inventor of COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language).
2. ______.The
O founder of the Lotus Development Company, a subsidiary of
IBM.
F
3. ______.They developed the multi-user computer system named Multics
(Multiplexed Information and Computing Service).
S
4. ______.The general manager who changed the name Tabulating
Machine Company into International Business Machine (IBM) in 1924.
5. ______.They
C developed the BASIC programming language for the first
commercially-available microcomputer, the MITS Altair.
L
6. ______.They developed the Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction
Code (BASIC), a high-level programming language.
J
7. ______.The inventor of the Integrated Circuit (IC).
8. ______.The deviser of a punched-card tabulating machine which used to
I
process statistical information.
B
9. ______.The presenter of the notion of a universal machine that is
capable of computing anything computable which became the central
concept of the modern computer.
10. D ______.The constructor of one of the first inventors of a
mechanical calculator capable of addition and subtraction called
G
Pascalin.
11. ______.The inventor of Stepped Reckoner.
12. M ______.The inventor of a loom that uses punched wooden cards
to automatically weave fabric designs.
13. K ______.The leader of the IBM programmers in developing the
FORTRAN programming language, an acronym for FORmula
A
TRANslation.
14. ______.The leader of the team of IBM engineers who invented
P
the "floppy disk.”
15. ______.He developed the Ethernet for connecting multiple
computers and other hardware.
16. R ______.They started the Apple Computers.
17. T ______.The developer of Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML),
giving rise to the World Wide Web.
18. Q ______.They developed the Google search engine.
19. E ______. It is an internet service provider that is founded by Jerry
Yang and David Filo.
20. N ______.The developer of the Mosaic and Netscape Navigator
 CHOICES
a. Alan Shugart
b. Alan Turing
c. Bill Gates and Paul Allen
d. Blaise Pascal
e. Yahoo
f. Dennis Ritchie and Ken
Thompson
g. Gottfried Leibniz
h. Grace Murray Hopper
i. Herman Hollerith
j. Jack S. Kilbey
k. John Backus
l. John Kemeny and Thomas
Kurtz
m. Joseph Marie Jacquard
n. Marc Andreesen
o. Michael Kapor
p. Robert Metcalfe
q. Sergey Brin and Larry Page
r. Steve Jobs and Steve
Wozniak
s. Thomas J. Watson Sr.’
t. Tim Berners-Lee
u. Hollerith Pascaline
E-Evaluation/Post-test
Rubrics: 10 points each (Organization-5; Content-5)
1. Based on the Generations of Computer, what can you say
about the pace of its development?

Computer has developed a lot over the years. It is amazing

to see how the computers has improved, from a computer
that filled a large room to what we have in the workplace
and at home today – a smaller, faster version of the first
computer. As time has gone on, computers have had a
dramatic impact on the way we think and work. With
computers, we are able to work quicker and more
efficiently because of how advance they are.

2. Twenty years from now, how do you see the world on top of
the new development in information

As we all know, the Information Technology is continuously

developing by leaps and bounds. The world in the next 20
years will probably be much like it today, but smarter and
more automatic. Looking to the progress made nowadays,
the Information Technologies in the next 20 years will be
very much enhance compared to the Information
Technologies we have right now.
Lesson 6. The Information Age

D-Activities:
Rubrics: 10 points each (Organization-5; Content-5)

1. Cite a case/ scenario in your family or community that depicts the

process of the Shannon-Weaver Communication Model. In your cited
case, define the following elements:

My mother called my sister through her phone and said, “Go to the
store and buy a medicine for me.” During the call, noise appeared
(loss of signal) and my sister only heard “Go to the store and buy”
only. Again, my sister asked my mother (feedback) “What will I buy
mom?”

 Sender : Mother
 Encoder : Phone (Mother)
 Channel : Cable
 Noise : Distraction in voice
 Decoder : Phone (Sister)
 Receiver : Sister

Reflection : Due to a transmission error or noise, my sister

wasn’t able to understand my mother’s message
quickly so she needed to ask again.

2. As a student who knows how to spot fake news, cite a scenario or

news (could be from Facebook and other websites, or neighborhood
news, and evaluate this if it is genuine or fake. Follow the following
formats:

1. Tile of the News:

Guinness World Record Longest Motorcade BBM

2. What is it all about? Screenshot the post or the news if

it is taken from the internet.
3. Evaluation:
Areas to be evaluated (A fake news or not?):
• Source: Facebook
• Author: Bbm-Sara Uniteam Headquarters Northern
Luzon, Crown Legacy Hotel Baguio (Facebook Page)
• Date: March 27, 2021
• Your biases: My own belief doesn’t affect my judgment
regarding this news.
• Read beyond: A facebook page claims that the BBM
motorcade caravan holds the record in the Guinness as the
longest motorcade caravan.
• Supporting sources: There is no information given to
support the story
• Is it a joke: The author of the story is not credible
because it is just one of those supporter of the said
presidential candidate.
• Ask the experts: According to the Guinness World of
Record itself, that information is incorrect.
 E-Evaluation/Post-test

I- True or False. Write the word “Thanks” if the statement is true. On

the other hand, write the word “Oops” if the statement is false (1
point each).

Thanks The WWW is used by companies as an electronic

1. _________.
billboard for their products and services.

Oops In the 15th century, Johannes Gutenberg started working

2. _________.
on a printing press.

Oops A blogger is specifically a person who regularly post short

3. _________.
videos on the internet.

Oops An encoder is a person who makes the message, chooses

4. _________.
the channel, and sends the message.

Oops Noise is the medium used to send message.

5. _________.

Thanks Shannon is known as the "Father of Information Theory

6. _________.

Oops Digital Age, information age and computer age, used

7. _________.
interchangeably.

Oops Johannes Gutenberg is the partner of Claude E. Shannon

8. _________.
in formulating the Communication Model.

Thanks Media refers to the means of communication that uses

9. _________.
unique tools to interconnect among people.

10. Thanks
_________. In the digital age, however, media can be considered
as the message, the medium, and the messenger.
II- Essay

Rubrics: 10 points each (Organization-5; Content-5)

1. In your opinion, how did Information Age affect society?

After entering the Information Age, a lot of things has changed in

our society. It began shaping us in our childhood and continues
to shape us today. Most people argue that the Information Age
has improved various aspects of our everyday lives. Many
communications services like texting, email, and social media
developed and the world has not been the same since. It enables
you to communicate even negative or difficult messages without
creating conflict or destroying trust.
Lesson 7. Industrial Revolution

D-Activities:
1. Distinguish the Four Stages of the Industrial Revolution by
creating own-making figures and icons (you can draw them).
See the example below.

You may copy the text and add more details and information or
significant happenings under each Industrial Revolution Stage.
Rubrics: 20 points (Accuracy-5; Organization-10; Creativity-5)

Industry 1.0 Industry 2.0 Industry 3.0 Industry 4.0

(The First Industrial (The Fourth Industrial Revolution)
(The Third Industrial Revolution)
(The Second Industrial Revolution)
Revolution) 1870 1969 Today
1765

Mechanization, steam Mass production, assembly Automation, computers and Cyber physical systems,
power, weaving loom line, electrical energy electronics internet of things (IoT),
networks