University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao – School of Health and Allied Sciences – BS Medical Technology

Nhel Marie A. Gatan Kyrus Deon Barroga, BSMT/MLS 1 – SET 2

• Exactness and Precision: In healthcare, precision

OUTLINE is crucial. Math trains you to be exact and
accurate. Imagine the importance of getting
I. Introduction to Mathematics in the Modern medication dosages right – a small error can have
World significant consequences. Math skills ensure you
a. What is Math? Where is Math? What is can make precise measurements and
Math for? What is Math all about? How calculations that impact patient safety.
Math is done? Who uses Math? • Way of Life: Math is not just for classrooms; it's a
b. Fibonacci Sequence way of approaching challenges. Health students
c. The Golden Ration can use mathematical thinking to analyze patient
trends, assess treatment effectiveness, and even
II. The Language of Math
manage medical resources efficiently. Math helps
a. Characteristics of Math Language
you think critically and approach situations
b. Math Expressions methodically.
c. Verbal Expressions
III. Introduction to Sets Where is mathematics?
a. Set Mathematics reveals hidden patterns that help us
understand the world around us.
b. Elements
• nature,
c. Empty/Null/Void Set
• arts,
d. Finite and Infinite Set
• music,
e. Subset of a Set • medicine, and
f. Proper Subset • in other disciplines.
g. Equal and Equivalent Sets • in our communities.
h. Number of Subset of Sets • Mathematics is everywhere.
IV. Set Operations What is mathematics for?
a. Union and Intersection
• in making conclusions and/or prediction of the
b. Universal Set events of the world.
c. Disjoint Set • used to describe the natural order and
d. Complement of Sets occurrences of the universe.
e. Difference of Set • used to organize patterns and regularities as well
as irregularities,
• to help us control weather and epidemics,

Introduction to MMW •
•
to provide tools for calculations, and
to provide new questions to think about.
What is mathematics ABOUT?
What is mathematics? • numbers,
• Mathematics, developed by human mind and • symbols,
culture, is a formal system of thought for • equations,
recognizing, classifying, and exploiting patterns. • operations,
• Study of Numbers: In healthcare, numbers are • functions,
used to measure various aspects of patients' • calculations,
conditions, like heart rate, blood pressure, and • abstractions, and
temperature. • devising proofs.
• Symbols and Equations: For health students, these
symbols are like codes used to understand and Fibonacci Sequence
communicate medical information. Equations, • Leonardo Fibonacci
similar to medical formulas, help calculate • Leonardo of Pisa or Leonardo Pisano
important values like medication dosages based • It is a set of integers that starts with 1 and 1, and
on patient weight and concentration. then each subsequent number is found by adding
• Art of Geometric Shapes and Patterns: Just as the two previous numbers.
healthcare professionals interpret X-rays and MRIs o Therefore, after 1 and 1, the next
to identify health issues, geometric shapes and number is 2 (1+1). The next number is 3
patterns in mathematics have practical (1+2) and then 5 (2+3) and so on.
applications. They help in understanding
anatomical structures and identifying
abnormalities in medical images.
• Universal Language: It's a way for healthcare
experts from different countries to collaborate,
share findings, and work together to solve medical
challenges.
• Tool in Decision-Making and Problem Solving:
Similar to diagnosing a patient's condition, math
aids in solving problems. For example, statistical
analysis helps identify patterns in patient data,
enabling evidence-based decision-making. Math
is used to analyze risks, benefits, and outcomes of
medical interventions.
Golden ratio
• the golden section or the golden mean
• It is approximately equal to 1.618034
• It is the ratio of a line
segment cut into two
pieces of different lengths
• such that the ratio of the
whole segment to that of
the longer segment is
equal to the ratio of the
longer segment to the
shorter segment.
How is Mathematics done?
Mathematics is a tool for investigating, discovering, and
understanding the intricacies of the world, just as health
professionals use their skills to understand and improve the
well-being of their patients.
• curiosity,
• a penchant for seeking patterns and generalities,
• a desire to know the truth,
• trial and error, and
• without fear of facing more questions and
problems to solve.
WHO USES MATHEMATICS?
• Mathematicians (pure and applied), scientists
(natural and social), and practically, everyone
uses different mathematics at different times, for
different purposes, using different tools, with
different attitudes.

The Language of Math

Characteristics of Mathematical Language
• Non-temporal - It has no past, present and future
• No emotional content - has no equivalent words
for joy, happiness, despair, or sadness.
• Precise and Concise - exact and accurate in its
statements and as a consequence, it has no need
for unnecessary words.

mathematical expression - a number, a variable, or a

combination of numbers and variables and operation
symbols

mathematical equation - made up of two expressions

connected by an equal sign

verbal expression - a mathematical expression that is

expressed in words

Words and phrases implying math operations

“beh, cr lang ako.” no beh. don’t say that. you’re more

than just a cr. everytime na maiisip mo na “cr lang ako”
no. youre a wonderful person and we appreciate you so
much. hindi biro maging cr. it must’ve been tough pero
you did it. youre so strong kaya sobrang proud kami
sayo!! lagi mong tatandaan na nandito kami para
sa’yo. kasama mo kami palagi! mwa!!
 Introduction to Sets
o A = {2, 3, 4, 5}
o B = {1, 2, 3 ,4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

A ⊂ B because all elements contained

SET in A are also found in set B and A ≠ B.
• George Cantor (19th Century)
• “menge” – German word for Set
• set is any group or collection of defined objects NOTE!!!
• Examples
o The set of all days in a week. • A set is a subset of itself.
A = {Monday, Tuesday, • An empty set is a subset of any set.
Wednesday, Thursday,
Friday, Saturday, Sunday} Example: List down ALL subsets & proper subsets of set
o The set of all letters in the word M = {10, 11}.
MATHEMATICS
B = { M, A, T, H, E, I, C, S} • Subsets of M
o The set of positive integers {10}, {11}, {10, 11}, { }
Z+ = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,..}
Elements • Proper Subsets of M
• Objects listed in a set separated by a comma {10}, {11}, { }
• Example •
o The set of all days in a week. •
A = {Monday, Tuesday, Equal •and equivalent sets
Wednesday, Thursday, • • Equal Sets - Two sets A and B are equal (A=B) if and
Friday, Saturday, Sunday} only if A and B have exactly the same elements.
o V = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
The elements are Monday, o B = the set of even natural numbers less
Tuesday, Wednesday, than 12
Thursday, Friday, Saturday • Equivalent Sets - Two sets A and B are equivalent
and Sunday (A ~ B) if and only if A and B have the same
number of elements.
o P = {D, E, L, T, A}
o Q = {V, I, R, U, S}
Number of Subsets of a Set
• If A has n elements, then the number of subsets A
has is 2n
• A sports utility vehicle (SUV) manufacturing
company in Japan offers 6 upgrade options to
their standard SUV. How many different versions of
the SUV can the company produce?
o The total number of different versions of
SUV is the total number of subsets of A.
o Applying the formula 2n, then
o T = 2n
o T = 26
o T = 64 versions of SUV
EMPTY/NULL/VOID SET

•
•
A set with no elements.
A = { } or Ø
Set Operations
UNION AND INTERSECTION
UNION OF SETS
FINITE SET and INFINITE SET Given two sets A and B, their set union, denoted by A ∪ B, is
• A set is finite if the number of elements in the set is the set of elements that belong to either A or B or to both.
a whole number. Otherwise, it is infinite.
• The cardinal number of a finite set A is the number A = {4,5,7}
of elements of set A and is denoted by n(A). B = {6,7}
• Finite – numbers can be counted C = {1,5,7}
o B = {1, 3, 4, 7, 9}
• Infinite – numbers cannot be counted Find the following.
o C = the set of negative integers A∪B = {4,5,6,7}
SUBSET OF A SET B∪C = {1,5,6,7}
• Set A is a subset of B, denoted by A ⊆ B, if and only A∪B∪C = {1,4,5,6,7}
if all elements in A are also elements of B. INTERSECTION OF SETS
o A = { 1, 2, 3 } Given two sets A and B, their intersection denoted by A ∩ B,
o B = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} is the set of elements common to both A and B.

Set A is a subset of B because all A = {a,b,c}

elements contained in A are also found B = {b,c}
in set B. i.e. A ⊆ B. C = {x,y,z,a}.

PROPER SUBSET Find the following.

• Set A is a proper subset of set B, denoted by A ⊂ A∩B = {b,c}
B, if and only if all elements in A are also elements B∩C =∅
of B, but A ≠ B. A∩C = {a}
UNIVERSAL SET
is the set of all elements considered in a certain investigation
or group, and denoted by the symbol U
Example:
U = the set of digits in a decimal system
U = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
Disjoint sets and compliment of sets
DISJOINT SETS
Two sets are disjoint if their intersection is empty.

COMPLEMENT OF SETS
The complement of a set A, denoted by A’, is the set of all
elements in the universal set U that are not elements of set A.

U = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
A = {2,4,6,8}
B = {1,3,4,7,9}
C = {0,2,5,6,7,8}

Find the following:

a. A’ = {0,1,3,5,7,9}
b. B’ = {0,2,5,6,8}
c. C’ = {1,3,4,9}

DIFFERENCE OF SETS
The difference of two sets, written A - B is the set of all
elements of A that are not elements of B.