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Module 3 Detailed Notes

The document provides an overview of internal combustion (IC) engines, including their definition, classification, components, and working principles for both 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines. It also compares petrol and diesel engines, highlighting their differences in ignition type and fuel efficiency. Additionally, the document discusses future mobility technologies, focusing on electric and hybrid vehicles, along with their advantages and disadvantages.

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12 views3 pages

Module 3 Detailed Notes

The document provides an overview of internal combustion (IC) engines, including their definition, classification, components, and working principles for both 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines. It also compares petrol and diesel engines, highlighting their differences in ignition type and fuel efficiency. Additionally, the document discusses future mobility technologies, focusing on electric and hybrid vehicles, along with their advantages and disadvantages.

Uploaded by

kabadet706
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Detailed Notes: Module 3 - Fundamentals of IC Engines

1. Basics of IC Engines

- **Definition**: An internal combustion (IC) engine is a heat engine where fuel combustion occurs

inside a cylinder.

- **Classification**:

1. By Fuel Type: Petrol, Diesel, Gas, Biofuel.

2. By Strokes: 2-Stroke and 4-Stroke.

3. By Cooling Method: Air-cooled and Water-cooled.

4. By Ignition: Spark Ignition (SI) and Compression Ignition (CI).

- **Applications**:

- Power Generation: Diesel generators for small-scale power.

- Agriculture: Tractors, harvesters, and irrigation pumps.

- Marine: Ship propulsion systems.

- Automobiles: Cars, motorcycles, and buses.

2. Components of IC Engines

- **Cylinder**: Main body where combustion occurs.

- **Piston**: Compresses air-fuel mixture and transmits combustion force to the crankshaft.

- **Cylinder Head**: Houses valves and spark plug.

- **Connecting Rod**: Transfers motion from the piston to the crankshaft.

- **Crankshaft**: Converts reciprocating motion to rotational motion.

- **Valves**: Control the air-fuel mixture (inlet valve) and exhaust gases (exhaust valve).

3. Working of Engines

- **Four-Stroke Petrol Engine**:


1. **Suction Stroke**: Air-fuel mixture enters the cylinder.

2. **Compression Stroke**: Mixture is compressed; spark plug ignites it.

3. **Power Stroke**: High-pressure gases push the piston down.

4. **Exhaust Stroke**: Burnt gases are expelled.

- **Four-Stroke Diesel Engine**:

1. **Suction Stroke**: Air is drawn into the cylinder.

2. **Compression Stroke**: Air is compressed to a high temperature.

3. **Power Stroke**: Injected fuel auto-ignites, pushing the piston down.

4. **Exhaust Stroke**: Burnt gases are expelled.

- **Two-Stroke Engine**:

- Combines suction and compression in one stroke, power and exhaust in the other.

- Uses ports instead of valves: Inlet, Exhaust, and Transfer.

4. Differences Between Engines

| Feature | 2-Stroke Engine | 4-Stroke Engine |

|-----------------------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------|

| Efficiency | Lower | Higher |

| Design Complexity | Simple | Complex |

| Maintenance | Higher | Lower |

| Applications | Bikes, scooters | Cars, heavy vehicles |

| Feature | Petrol Engine | Diesel Engine |

|-----------------------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------|

| Ignition Type | Spark Ignition | Compression Ignition |

| Fuel Efficiency | Lower | Higher |


| Applications | Small vehicles | Heavy vehicles, generators |

5. Future Mobility Technology

- **Electric Vehicles (EVs)**:

- **Components**: Battery, motor, inverter.

- **Advantages**: Zero emissions, low running costs.

- **Disadvantages**: High initial cost, charging limitations.

- **Hybrid Vehicles**:

- Combine an IC engine with an electric motor.

- Use regenerative braking to recharge batteries.

- Examples: Toyota Prius.

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