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Logic Gates

Logic gates are fundamental components of digital circuits that operate based on Boolean algebra, typically having two inputs and one output. The document describes various types of logic gates including AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, EX-OR, and EX-NOR gates, detailing their functions and truth tables. It also explains why NAND and NOR gates are considered universal gates, capable of creating any logical Boolean expression.

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27 views6 pages

Logic Gates

Logic gates are fundamental components of digital circuits that operate based on Boolean algebra, typically having two inputs and one output. The document describes various types of logic gates including AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, EX-OR, and EX-NOR gates, detailing their functions and truth tables. It also explains why NAND and NOR gates are considered universal gates, capable of creating any logical Boolean expression.

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pandyaj036
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Logic Gates

A logic gate is a building block of a digital circuit. Most logic gates have two inputs and one output and
are based on Boolean algebra. At any given moment, every terminal is in one of the
two binary conditions false (high) or true (low). False represents 0, and true represents 1. Depending
on the type of logic gate being used and the combination of inputs, the binary output will differ. A
logic gate can be thought of like a light switch, wherein one position the output is off—0, and in
another, it is on—1. Logic gates are commonly used in integrated circuits (IC).

 Basic Logic gates

 AND gate
An AND gate can have two or more inputs, its output is true if all inputs are true. The output Q is
true if input A AND input B are both true: Q = A • B

Input Input Output


A B C

0 0 0

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 1

Logical symbol

1
 OR gate
An OR gate can have two or more inputs, its output is true if at least one input is true.
The output Q is true if input A OR input B is true (or both of them are true): Q = A + B

Input A Input B Output Q

0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 1

Logical symbol

 NOT gate (inverter)


A NOT gate can only have one input and the output is the inverse of the input. A NOT gate is also called an
inverter.
The output Q is true when the input A is NOT true: Q = 𝐴
Input A Output Q

0 1

1 0

Logical symbol

2
 Universal gates

 NAND gate
This is an AND gate with the output inverted, as shown by the 'o' on the symbol output. A NAND
gate can have two or more inputs, its output is true if NOT all inputs are true. The output Q is true if
input A AND input B are NOT both true: Q = 𝐴 . 𝐵

Input A Input B Output Q

0 0 1

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 0

Logical symbol

 NOR gate
This is an OR gate with the output inverted, as shown by the 'o' on the symbol output. A NOR gate
can have two or more inputs, its output is true if no inputs are true. The output Q is true if NOT
inputs A OR B are true: Q = 𝐴 + 𝐵

Input A Input B Output Q

0 0 1

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 0

3
Logical symbol

 Exclusive gates

 EX-OR gate
EXclusive-OR. This is like an OR gate but excluding both inputs being true. The output is true if
inputs A and B are DIFFERENT. EX-OR gates can only have 2 inputs.
The output Q is true if either input A is true OR input B is true, but not when both of them are
true: Q = A ⊕ B

Input A Input B Output Q

0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 0

Logical symbol

4
 EX-NOR gate
EXclusive-NOR. This is an EX-OR gate with the output inverted, as shown by the 'o' on the symbol
output. EX-NOR gates can only have 2 inputs. The output Q is true if inputs A and B are
the SAME (both true or both false): Q = 𝐴 ⊕ 𝐵

Input A Input B Output Q

0 0 1

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 1

Logical symbol

 Why NAND and NOR gates are called Universal gates?


NOR gates and NAND gates have the particular property that any one of them can create any logical
Boolean expression if appropriately designed. Meaning that you can create any logical Boolean
expression using ONLY NOR gates or ONLY NAND gates. Other logical gates do not have this property.

5
NOR Gate Operations

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