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Key Terms

The document outlines various linguistic concepts, including alliteration, assonance, coherence, and cohesion, providing definitions and examples for each. It also covers terms like collocation, consonance, deixis, denotation and connotation, focalization, politeness, transitivity, and implicature. Each concept is explained in terms of its function in language and communication.

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Mary Claire
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9 views3 pages

Key Terms

The document outlines various linguistic concepts, including alliteration, assonance, coherence, and cohesion, providing definitions and examples for each. It also covers terms like collocation, consonance, deixis, denotation and connotation, focalization, politeness, transitivity, and implicature. Each concept is explained in terms of its function in language and communication.

Uploaded by

Mary Claire
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Alliteration

 Definition: The repetition of the same consonant sounds at the beginning of


words in close proximity.
 Example: "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers." (Repetition of the "p"
sound)

2. Assonance

 Definition: The repetition of vowel sounds within words in close proximity.


 Example: "The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain." (Repetition of the "ai"
sound)

3. Coherence

 Definition: The logical connection and meaningful flow of ideas in a text. It's
about how the text makes sense as a whole.
 Example: A well-structured essay with clear topic sentences, supporting details,
and smooth transitions exhibits coherence.

4. Cohesion

 Definition: The grammatical and lexical linking of elements within a text. It


involves using devices like pronouns, conjunctions, and lexical repetition to
connect sentences and paragraphs.
 Example: "John went to the store. He bought milk, and then he returned home."
(Pronouns and conjunctions create cohesion)

5. Collocation

 Definition: Words that frequently occur together.


 Example: "Strong tea," "heavy rain," "make a decision." These are common
word pairings.

6. Consonance

 Definition: The repetition of consonant sounds within or at the end of words in


close proximity.
 Example: "Mike likes his new bike." (Repetition of the "k" sound)

7. Foregrounding

 Definition: Making certain elements of a text stand out, drawing the reader's
attention to them. This can be achieved through various linguistic devices, such
as unusual word order, repetition, or deviation from norms.
 Example: "Suddenly, a piercing scream echoed through the silent forest." (The
unusual phrase "a piercing scream" is foregrounded)

8. Deixis

 Definition: Words or phrases whose meaning depends on the context of the


utterance, particularly the speaker, the addressee, the time, and the place.
 Example: "I went there yesterday." ("There" and "yesterday" are deictic; their
meaning depends on the context.)

9. Denotation and Connotation

 Denotation: The literal, dictionary definition of a word.


o Example: "Snake" denotes a legless reptile.
 Connotation: The emotional or cultural associations attached to a word.
o Example: "Snake" connotes treachery or danger.

10. Focalization

 Definition: The perspective from which a narrative is presented; who "sees" or


"experiences" the events in the story.
 Example: A story told from a child's perspective will have a different focalization
than one told from an omniscient narrator.

11. Politeness

 Definition: Linguistic strategies used to maintain social harmony and avoid


offense.
 Example: "Could you please pass the salt?" (Indirect request instead of a direct
command)

12. Transitivity

 Definition: A grammatical system that describes how actions are transferred


from an actor to a goal. It involves analyzing clauses based on the roles of
participants (actor, goal, etc.).
 Example: "The dog (actor) chased (process) the cat (goal)." (Transitive clause)
"The dog slept." (Intransitive clause)

13. Implicature

 Definition: An implied meaning that is not explicitly stated but is inferred by the
listener or reader based on context and conversational principles.
 Example: A: "Do you have any spare change?" B: "I left my wallet at home." (B's
response implies that they do not have spare change, even though they don't say
it directly.)

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