1. What is a primary difference between traditional programming and machine learning?

a) In traditional programming, rules are explicitly defined by programmers, while in

machine learning, rules are learned from data.
b) Traditional programming requires less computational power compared to machine
learning.
c) Machine learning always requires labeled data, whereas traditional programming
does not.
d) Traditional programming cannot handle large datasets efficiently.
Answer: a) In traditional programming, rules are explicitly defined by programmers,
while in machine learning, rules are learned from data.
2. Which of the following is a key element of the machine learning process?
a) Debugging
b) Code compilation
c) Data Collection
d) Unit testing
Answer: c) Data Collection
3. Which step of the machine learning process involves transforming raw data into a format
suitable for training a model?
a) Data Collection
b) Data Preparation
c) Model Training
d) Model Evaluation
Answer: b) Data Preparation
4. What is the purpose of model selection in machine learning?
a) To choose the most complex model available
b) To minimize the computational resources required for training
c) To select the best algorithm and its hyperparameters for the given problem
d) To avoid using deep learning models
Answer: c) To select the best algorithm and its hyperparameters for the given
problem
5. Which type of learning involves learning from a dataset with labeled examples?
a) Supervised Learning
b) Unsupervised Learning
c) Reinforcement Learning
d) Semi-supervised Learning
Answer: a) Supervised Learning
6. In which type of problem does regression aim to predict continuous-valued outputs?
a) Image classification
b) Sentiment analysis
c) Stock price prediction
d) Email spam detection
Answer: c) Stock price prediction
7. Which of the following is an example of a classification problem?
a) Predicting the temperature for the next day
b) Identifying whether an email is spam or not
c) Predicting the sales volume of a product
d) Estimating the time to deliver a package
Answer: b) Identifying whether an email is spam or not
8. What is the primary goal of model evaluation in machine learning?
a) To make the model as complex as possible
b) To ensure the model performs well on the training data
 c) To assess how well the model generalizes to unseen data
d) To increase the bias of the model
Answer: c) To assess how well the model generalizes to unseen data
9. Which step in the machine learning process involves fine-tuning the model to improve its
performance?
a) Data Collection
b) Model Selection
c) Model Evaluation
d) Evaluation and Optimization
Answer: d) Evaluation and Optimization
10. What type of learning involves learning from feedback received as a result of actions taken in
an environment?
a) Supervised Learning
b) Unsupervised Learning
c) Reinforcement Learning
d) Semi-supervised Learning
Answer: c) Reinforcement Learning
11. Which of the following statements best describes traditional programming?
a) Traditional programming requires labeled data for training.
b) Traditional programming involves learning rules from data.
c) Traditional programming relies on statistical techniques.
d) Traditional programming involves writing explicit instructions to perform a task.
Answer: d) Traditional programming involves writing explicit instructions to perform
a task.
12. In machine learning, what does the term "representation" refer to?
a) It refers to how the model is trained.
b) It refers to the format of the input data.
c) It refers to the process of feature engineering.
d) It refers to the selection of the machine learning algorithm.
Answer: b) It refers to the format of the input data.
13. Which of the following is a key component of data preparation in machine learning?
a) Model Training
b) Model Selection
c) Feature Engineering
d) Model Evaluation
Answer: c) Feature Engineering
14. Which type of learning does not require labeled data for training?
a) Supervised Learning
b) Unsupervised Learning
c) Reinforcement Learning
d) Semi-supervised Learning
Answer: b) Unsupervised Learning
15. What is the primary objective of reinforcement learning?
a) Minimizing prediction errors
b) Maximizing the likelihood of the observed data
c) Learning from labeled examples
d) Maximizing cumulative rewards by taking actions in an environment
Answer: d) Maximizing cumulative rewards by taking actions in an environment
16. Which of the following problems would be best suited for regression?
a) Customer segmentation
b) Sentiment analysis
 c) Predicting the price of a house
d) Image classification
Answer: c) Predicting the price of a house
17. In a classification problem, what is the output typically?
a) A continuous value
b) A category or class label
c) A probability score
d) A decision boundary
Answer: b) A category or class label
18. What is the primary goal of model evaluation in machine learning?
a) Maximizing model complexity
b) Minimizing training time
c) Ensuring the model performs well on the training data
d) Assessing how well the model generalizes to unseen data
Answer: d) Assessing how well the model generalizes to unseen data
19. What technique is used in model optimization to improve performance on unseen data?
a) Cross-validation
b) Overfitting
c) Feature selection
d) Hyperparameter tuning
Answer: d) Hyperparameter tuning
20. Which type of learning involves learning from both labeled and unlabeled data?
a) Supervised Learning
b) Unsupervised Learning
c) Reinforcement Learning
d) Semi-supervised Learning
Answer: d) Semi-supervised Learning