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Spring

The document outlines an experiment to determine the spring constant, effective mass of a loaded spring, and the rigidity modulus of the spring material. It includes theoretical background, apparatus needed, experimental data collection methods, calculations for deriving values, and results interpretation. Additionally, it discusses the percentage of error in comparison to standard values for rigidity modulus.

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mahir05.khan
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25 views3 pages

Spring

The document outlines an experiment to determine the spring constant, effective mass of a loaded spring, and the rigidity modulus of the spring material. It includes theoretical background, apparatus needed, experimental data collection methods, calculations for deriving values, and results interpretation. Additionally, it discusses the percentage of error in comparison to standard values for rigidity modulus.

Uploaded by

mahir05.khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Manual Sheet-2 PHYSICS SESSIONAL

Experiment No-2
Name of the Experiment: Determination of the spring constant and effective mass of a
loaded spring and hence to calculate the rigidity modulus of the material of the spring.

Theory: If a spiral spring clamped vertically at upper end P as shown in fig.1. and subjected
to applied load, m0 at lower end, then the extension l becomes proportional to the applied
force i.e.,
F = kl
m0g = kl
m0 g
¿k= (1)
l
Where k is a constant of proportionality called spring constant.
The period of vibration of the spring along a vertical line is given by

T =2 π
√ m' +m0
k
=2 π
M
√
k
(2)

Where m/ is a constant called the effective mass of the spring and M is the total load of the spring.
The effective mass of the vibrating system can be shown as
follows. Consider the kinetic energy of a spring and its load
undergoing simple harmonic motion. At the instant under
consideration let the load m0 be moving with velocity v0 as
shown in fig.1.
At this same instant as element dm of the mass m of the spring
will also be moving up but with a velocity v which is smaller
than v0. It is evident that the ratio between v and v0 is just the
v y v0
ratio between y and y0. Hence = i.e, v= y .
v0 y0 y0
1 2
The kinetic energy of the spring alone will be ∫ v dm .
2
m
But dm may be written as dy , where m is the mass of the spring. Fig. 1.
y0

1 m 2 1 m 2
Thus the integral equals to ( )v 0. The total kinetic energy of the system will then be (m0 + ) v 0
2 3 2 3
m
and the effective mass of the system is, therefore, M =m 0 +
3
' m
Hence effective mass, m = (3)
3
The rigidity modulus of the material of the spring is
3
4N R k
n= 4
(4)
r

PHYSICS LABORATORY, DEPARTMENT OF ARTS & SCIENCES, BAUST


Manual Sheet-2 PHYSICS SESSIONAL

Where N is the number of turns in the spring, R is the radius of the spring and r is radius of
the wire of the spring.
Apparatus: A spiral spring, Masses with hanging arrangement, Weighing balance, Stop
watch and scale.

Experimental data:
Table-1: Data for determination of extensions and time period.
No Loads, Length of the Length of the Extension, Time for Mean Time Period, T2
of m0 (gm) spring spring with L = L2-L1 10 Time, t T = t/10 (Sec2)
obs without load, load, L2 (cm) (cm) oscillations (sec) (sec)
L1 (cm) (sec)
1
2
3
4
5

External diameter of the spring, D =……………………cm.

Internal diameter of the spring, d =……………………..cm.


D+ d
Radius of the spring, R= =¿ ………………………..cm.
4
Diameter of the wire of the spring, d ' ’=……………...…cm.
'
d
Radius of the wire of the spring, r = …………………cm.
2

No. of turns in the spring, N =…………


Calculations:
Y 2−Y 1 dx l
From graph 1, Slope ¿ = = =¿ ……………..cm/gm.
X 2−X 1 dm m
m 1
Spring constant, k =g =981 × =¿……………….... dynes/cm.
l Slope

From graph-2 effective mass of spring, m' =……………...gms.


3
4N R k
The rigidity modulus of the material of the spring n= 4
r
=…….dynes/cm2
Results:
The spring constant is ……………. dynes/cm.
The effective mass is …………………gm.
The rigidity modulus of the material of the spring is ………………… dynes/cm2.

PHYSICS LABORATORY, DEPARTMENT OF ARTS & SCIENCES, BAUST


Manual Sheet-2 PHYSICS SESSIONAL

Percentage of error:

Standard value of rigidity modulus is ( 7.7 ×10 11 8.3× 1011 ) dynes /cm2

Standard value ∼ Experimental value


Percentage of error= ×100 %
Standard value
¿…%
Discussions:

PHYSICS LABORATORY, DEPARTMENT OF ARTS & SCIENCES, BAUST

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