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Areas Worksheet

The document discusses the application of integrals in finding areas bounded by curves, the x-axis, and specified ordinates. It provides algorithms and examples for calculating areas under various curves, including cases where the curves lie above or below the x-axis. Additionally, it covers the use of integration to find areas enclosed by circles and lines in the coordinate plane.

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30 views34 pages

Areas Worksheet

The document discusses the application of integrals in finding areas bounded by curves, the x-axis, and specified ordinates. It provides algorithms and examples for calculating areas under various curves, including cases where the curves lie above or below the x-axis. Additionally, it covers the use of integration to find areas enclosed by circles and lines in the coordinate plane.

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gsasikiran46
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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“Therefore by using J, food = {ee ‘s eine eee Wehave = 2 farts ay 49 s1 = [e+ gsin2ax); + f= Esina|? ee o+Zsino] + [x ~ 2sin2bn] - [o~ 3, sind] = 2m sin 2am — 2 sin2 be Also. if'a,b € Zthen, 1 = 2 APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS HE Tet FG) be a continuous function defined on [a,b] Then, the area bounded by the curve y= f(x), the x-axis and the ordinates x = a and x = bis given by Sifax (or) fyar NOTE: ifthe curve y = f(x) lies below x-axis then the area x bounded by the curve y = f(x), the x-axis and the ordinates x = and x = bisnegative. So, area is given by relax (or) Piylax © The area bounded by the curve x = f(y). the y-axis and the a y=cand y= d is given by SE ford (or) fexay NOTE! Ifthe curve x = f(), lies ef ofy-axis then the area bounded by the curve x = f(y), , the y-axis and is negative. So, area is given by [“If(y)|dx (or) SSixtay Area Usi In order to find the area of the region bounded by the curve y = f(x), x-axis and the ordinates x = a and x = b dinates x = a and x = we may use the following algorithm. ALGORITHM: {2)AK:T MEMORIAL VIDYA SAAKET SENIOR SECONDAR 'Y SCHOOL, KALLAKURICHILL) Page 83 of 308, naaninrnaaaea a a 2 2S } of width dx having two ends of its esis at pains (= 4,0) and (x+ 4,0) and )as the mid-point ofits base, Bx Construct on approximating rectangle whose base is same as that ofthe representative strip and height equal to lyl = 1f()1. STEP: Find the area of the approximating rectangle as |yldx = |f(x)|dx, SHE Find the vcs of x sy x= @ and x= 4 within which te approximating rectangle cy n move| horizontally inthe given region and form the imegral [1f(x)] dx (or) Siiyidx. SID & Evaluate tera obsined in STEP 5. The vale of img 50 caine is the equied ra, NOTE: % Hthe curve y= (2) les above x-axis on interval [a,b], then the area ofthe region boun Y= (2), the x-axis and the ordinates x = a and x = b is given by 4, ided by the curve! @)lde= ff faydx= fyax [IG 2 Oforaltxe tab] = 1691 = yey J] 5 the curve y = f(x) ties below x-axis on interval [a,b], then the area of| the region bounded by the curve ¥ =f); the x-axis and the ordinates x = a and x = b is negative, $o, area is given by GU@ldx=—fPpaydx=-fPyde fs $02) Ofore+ 7@) 4. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the line y = 3x + 2, the x—axis and the ordinates x = ~2 and x = 1, 1 } = 5(lt60 + $6] [10 + 14) = 5(216 — 24) = 96 sq.units Sol Required arco |J-77(9x + 2)ue| + [2 (3x + 2) 2= [224 + exe! =le)- te 21-fs) 2/3 £2 59 units. 5. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the line y—1=x, the x-axis and the ordinates x ~ —2andx=3. Sol: We have y (and x= ~2,x=3, Required area = [77 (e+ 1dr] + f°, + tar & a ay is 2 al =4]+ [8-0] >= sq. units Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the line y =x+1,and the lines x = 2 and x = 3. Sol: Given equation of line are y = x +1, x = 2and x=3 Required area= J? (x + 1)dx Sq-units == [ey {VIDYA SAAKET SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, KALLAKURICHII!) Page 86 of 308 Bt os Baton Moo 6 5q.umits ‘sketch the graph of y = [x-+ 3] and evaluate /°,)x + 31dx (x+3)forx+320 (x +3), forx +3 <0 (x+3),forx> -3 (+3), forr<-3 yn) =[r43 \ A o 5 . 4) 30) Required area= f°ylr+ 3ldx = [ple + 3ldx + [le + 3d = ° (x+3)dx +f (x+3)dx > ‘ 3 eather on [f]-B+I-El>=fedo= 7s jon find the area buunded by the curve ded ll 9. Using the method of integr (tine: The required region is bounded by the lines x += 14 Y ‘ ey (222 ant ph = [222 got: Weboow ta l= {7 29 and b= (2 <0 ‘50, the curve [x] + ly] = 1 is colleetion of four lines, namely x+y = 1,x—Y + y= land xty=Lforx>0,y>0 axty=1forx<0y>0 ») y=y=1,forx>0.y<0 =x-y= 1 forx<0y<0 le quired area is ABCD, as shaded inthe figure: (1.0) and (0,—1) respectively Therefore, the Coordinates of points A, B, C and D are (1,0),(0,1), We can see thatthe given curve fs symmetrical about x —axis and y grea Apc =4xArea0nB0 = 4,(-x+i)dr=4 caf EE stdleeoe s-rnane ete rei tinned cone? = ty asd ey = andy = 2a. We have, « Required area = Arc = fixdy = [aby dy = aptyidy=ale c Ixt1]x2-3,223,y 00, leyattxtlayersa On solving, we get -x =x +259 2x=-29x=-1 d area = J5'(le +1] + Dax + f+ 1) 4 Aya = vd + [or + 2a (ray)? Plein Using integration, find the area enclosed by the cirele x2 | y' We have x? + y? = eae Equation (i) represents a circle with centre (0,0) and radius V2, so it meets the axes at (+V2, 0) and (0, +2). From Figure, the whole area enclosed by the given circle axis and the ordinates = 4 (area of the region bounded by the curve, x =Oand x = 2) [as the circle is symmetrical about both x-axis and y-axis} =f? N2—v2' +2sin = 4{{0 + sin 1) — [0 + sin“ 0)} = 4 {fsin- (sin a = [sin“*(sin0)]} = 4(G] -[ol}= = 2m sq.units Page 88 of 308 as nF ny AAA Sie PD F ea of the region bounded by the curve, “ordinates x = O and x = 1) {as the cirete is symmetrical about both r-axis and y-axis} Required area =4 J) yde = 4 f VPaxPdy = 4 : fT ja THO fs hallo des [orders . 4h; [sions (sn5)] a 5 sn" "sin on}= G6) = Flo} = 45 =n saunies &, Determine the area under the curve y = Va?= 37 lnluded between the nes x= Osa x= a Morey Nei =xo ye oey -yox= aay? Equation (i) represents a circle with centre (0,0) and radius a. so i meets the axes at (4a, 0) and (0, a). From figure the area of the region enclosed by circle x? + y 2 x = 0 and x = @is as given below. Required area = fo ydx = [f Va? =x? dx San Ee open ees fpetan | beso 2 2° sin (sin -+sinoy|) = {[222] [© o]} = 2 sa. units -{[F= (an8)|-[2snr con} =([F-Eejs A. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the curve y = V16— x? and x —axis is We have y = V16 — x? > y’ 6-xtoxrty?=16 way=\P—x Sol: Peon cen ind radius 4, Equation (i) represents a cirele with eente (00) and radius 4.9 as it meets the axes at (4,0) and (0,4) Required area = 2 SRyax=2, Vi ax dx prc + sin 0 gemor + Sain = oh] [0+8sin-0 es a+ Ps 4-f PaO + ain Al 2{{0 + 8sin-* 1] - [0 +8sin~0}} )]-sin-tinoo)} = 2a [6] - 1801} = 2¢4x) = Bre sq. units = 2{e [sin (sin PAL VIDYA SAAKET | Df Oo AA DAMMAMDOD ODM D ae ee i} 95 [2x3]- (0) 2= w cqunis. Find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by x—axis, the line x = /Jy and the circle x? + y? = 4, using integration, Wehave x = V3y...(i),2? +’ Solving (i) & (ii), we get: 3y? + < point of intersections: (V3, 41) + Required area= "yar + [yude Fol tet [ace Eye aah] to} aja Boas Sa] = Syb3}+ f2xt]-[Bs2x This isthe area bounded with x axis Now arca bounded with y axis is 'n(2)? 7. Find the area bounded by the circle x? + y= 16 and the line V3y = x in the I quadrant, Integr k Sol: Wehave x = V3y...(0,x? +y? = 16...(t) dak Solving () & (i), we geu 3? += = 16 > x -- points of intersections: (£2V3, 42) +-Requiredarea = {2 ydx + fp, yudx aad PF xdx + fii VIO= de = glia) [ax%]-[3+0x Tiss there bounded with x acs, Now area bounded with y-axis is h(4)* ~S2 = squnits im NOTE than the gueion pets ot menos veh eis befoud-wih hex tito wih bey a 8. Find the area of the region bounded by the curves x? + y? = 4, y = V3x and x —axis. Sok We have y = V3x... (0.x? + y? = 4... (i) AKT MEMORIAL VIDYA SAAKET SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, KALLAKURICHII Page 90 of 308 - qe +s Points oF intersections: (+1, V3), ss Requied are f yd fe oe VE fle + JP VE= Rd 9 VEE) + EVER fai Hi : 5S) —[vrmi Ssn5} = eg ant 2 quits y3 2 Ft'l- 0) + {Garay ‘This is the area bounded with x axis. ow area bounded with y~axisis (2)? — find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the %- Using integration, xand the circle x? + y? = 32. ‘Sok: The given equations arey = x... (0,2? + ¥? = 32...(00) Solving (i) & (ii), we get: 2x? = 32> x= 44 < points of intersections: (44 _ Required area = fi ydx+ fp" yude = fortes (07 3x 2eayp+ [NaI Es ee 1 ony. ((4¥2 [a2 - (v0) AAI armen cae Aye Gea ese [Baa # +p all 2 16+ resi ]} Bae —0)+{[avaiar=a2 + 16980 -§ _fpaenexd] an ox de —8— ar om an satnts 1 q a= bio] + [+167 = x and the circle Ffeyna ue areaof the regfon in he iret guaran’ enclosed by the y-axis, tp line 2 = 32, using integration. ah vty (tye Sol: Wehave ¥ Solving (i) & (i), we get: 2x" = 329 = «points of intersections: (t4. 44) font Se xu £4 = Requiredarea = Page 91. of 308 WY SAAKET SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, KALLAKURICHI'|? {AKT MEMORIAL VIP a x + y= 18, (Ox? + y? = 32...) ~ Solving (i) & (i), we get: 2x? = $2 9 x = 44 Y ey - point ofintersections: (43,43). VA x s Required area = [2 yde + J yude c Ly ria = fide + 2 Vig aax ef 2=2091+[o+9x4]-[E+9x4] s=ieep+ Vise + on _ on STE T saunits 2) steten the region {(0):y = VA=F and x-axis. Find the area of the region using integration Sok: Wehwey=Vo=x = y?=4-ox24y?=4 yas ay=/2—2 Equation (i) represents a circle with centre (0,0) and radius 2, so it meets the axes at (2,0) and (0,42). From Figure, the whole area enclosed by the given circle = 4 (area of the region bounded by the curve, x-axis andthe ) {as the circle is symmetrical bout both x-axis and y-axis} ordinates x = 0 and x Required area = 2 fo ydx = 2 fo V2® =x? dx = = off aaa +S snr3) — Fae =0% + sno" = affo+zsnnt a} [or Zs ol} 2 aff (48) -Eserono} 2 (6) -| 3B. Using integration, find the area enclosed by the circle x° + y* Sol: We have x? + y? = a? -—-(i) ne ox? ay =Var= x? ‘As the region AOBA lies in the frst quadrant, y is taken as postive 4} = 2(qt) = 2m sq.units Integrating, we get the whole area enclosed by the given circle. Equation (i) epresens crcl with centre (0,0) and rads soit mest the axes at (+a, 0) and (0, 42). From Figure, the whole area enclosed by the given circle = 4 (area of the region AOBA bounded by the curve, x-axis and theordinates x=Oandx =a) {asthe circle is symmetrical about both x-axis and y-axis] equted area = fg Ye = 4 Ve? dy = a NGF a ma "Ax MEMORIAL ‘VIDYA SAAKET SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, KALLAKURICHIIS) Page 92 of 308 mak SS Peataytoxe faa ation (i) represents a circle with centre (0,0) and radius 4, $0 it meets es at (a0) and (0,0). Considering horizontal strips as shown in re, the whole area of the region enclosed by circle Requited area = 4 f'xdy =4 f° fa?=yidy : =a +S se a a 2 =4}]0+2=—* Slope of tangent at (—1,2V2), mr = 5 eg oftangent: y— 2V2 = 7 (+1) 9x 2V2y+9=0 Clearly it cuts x axis at (-9. 0) ‘Also eq, of normal: y — 2V2 =-2V2(x + 1) > 2V2x+y=0 ‘As tangent and normal both meet at the point (=1.2V2), {AK-T MEMORIAL VIDYA SAAKET SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, KALLAKURICHI(:) Page 93 of 308 Equation of tangent: y— V3 = ~ 5 (x—1) = y And, equation of normal: y ~ ¥3 = V3(x - 1) > y = y3x. Also, x-axis means y = 0...(ii) Solving these equations simultaneously we get: A(V3,0),0(0,0),(1, V3) Now a(AOP) = fy Yande + fi yode = fy Vixdx + Ef — nde a= Teh - 4-2 Sf — oF). (0? 31 = 846 - avasq units U7. Find the area of the minor segment ofthe circle x° + y# = a cut offby the line Sok: Wehave x? +y? = a...) yaor=faqy Here, a is rads ofthe circle, So, its postive and x = wil ie on Positive side of x — axis Solving the equation x?+ y® = a? and x =, we obtain heir points finest which ae (2,2) ana (2 Required area = 2(Area of 0B) = 2 fet ydx = 2 [2 Va? =x? dx ‘ {1A K:T MEMORIAL VIDYA SAAKET SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, KALLAKURICHI::! Page 94 0f 308 aw? Whe required area of the region AOBA is eed (area oF the region BOND bounded by curve, axis andthe Vines.x/= 0 and y = 4), Rewtaver=2f6 Faye = Spi <2f]- fa) a5 me (oR) Alternatively, we may consider the vertical strips like PQ AOBA, To this end. we solve the equations x? = y and y = ‘may be stated as the region bounded by the curve y = x7, Therefore, the area of the region AOBA fra Sartore eo aneven function i.e. f(x 0 if flsisanodd function (Le. f(-3) =2[@—x)de~a[n-F) a{o-S]- [ro -$]}-2 {e- 3-101} =2 2. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y = x? and the line y = 16, using integration. Sol: Since thé given curve represented by the equation y =x? is a’parabola symmetrical about y ~axis only. therefore, from Figure, the required area of the region is given by 2 (area of the region bounded by curve, axis andthe lines x = O and y = 16). + Required Area = 2 "ay =2/ Eee -25 pil <2} opie) - 38 sme 3, Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y? = x and the lines x = 1 and x = 4 and the x —axis * in the first quadrant. Sol: Here y? = x is a right-handed parabola having its vertex at the origin and x = 1, x =4 are the lines parallel to the y-axis at x = Lto x = 4 units’ distance. Similarly, y? =x contains even power of y and is symmetrical about the x axis ‘So, the required area = Area of BCFE {01AK-T MEMORIAL VIDYA SAAKET SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, KALLAKURICHIC) Page 95 of 308 eT ravabolahaving hs ene athe iin = 4 are the Fines pale othe atin atx = lox=4 Sinilay, y? = 9x contains even power of y and is eal about the x —axis, ‘So. the required area = Area of BCEE . 4 He -pe preeafy ee h S sh = 2{[er] = [2 = 28-22} = (16 — 442) sa-units ‘5. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve x? = 4Y and the tines ‘Y~axisin the first quadrant, Ms Here x? = 4y is upward parabola having its vertex at the origin and y=2. y= 4 are the lines parallel to the x saris aty =2 {© Y=4 units’ distance, Simitary. x? = gy contains even Power of x and is symmetrical about the y —axis So. the required area = Area of BEFCB 2 r sy n07=apera/e ? on =25 [7] <8] P}=4e-aq- e*) errant 6. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve Y ~axis (Le., x = 0). Sol: Y= 4x7 and the tines y= 1 and y= Here y = 4x? is upward parabola having its vertex at the origin o ward pi and y= 1, y= 4 are the lines parallel to the x “axis at Y=2t0 Y= 4 units’ distance, Similarly, x? = 4Y contains even power of and is symmetrical about the y ~axis, So, the required area = Area of ABCDA 4 are the lines parallel to the x —axis at y= 3.(0, ‘distance, Similarly, y? = x contains even power of ¥ and is symmetrical about the x ~axis. So. the required area = fix dy = fy? dy = 361 p= 464-27) = (Z) sa.umies 8. Find the area bounded by y = x2, the x — axis and the lines x = ~1 and x Sol: Here x? = y is upward parabola having its vertex at the origin and X = —1and x = 1 are the lines parallel to the y —axis at x = —1 to X = Lunits’ distance. Similarly, x? = y contains even power of x and is symmetrical about the y —axis. So. the required area = 2(Area of AOBA) pay} _ 2 =2[ ya 2dx=2(| =2p3)3 foaca2[nareafe -tien 2 3 lo 2 3 9. Find the area bounded by y = x2, the lines x = 1, x = 2 and x— axis. 3 3) 2 {(P]= (0) =3 0-0) =3 sq-units Sol: Here x? — y is upward parabola having ite vertex at the origin and x =1and x =2 are the lines parallel to the y ~axis at x = 1 to x =2 units’ distance. Similarly, x? = y contains even power of x and is symmetrical about the y —axis. So, the required area = (Area of ABCDA) fi f 2 alee 32 = A131 3] = [rax= fx a= [Fl gle = 3-0) ! 4 1 7 D = 7(8— 1) = 3 sa-units 10. Find the area of the region bounded by y? = 4x and the line x = 3. Sol: Here y? = 4x is a right-handed parabola having its vertex at the origin and x = 3 is the lines parallel to the x ~axis at x = 3 units’ distance. Similarly, y? = 4x contains even power of y and is symmetrical about the x —axis. So, the required area = 2 (Area of AOCA) 3 A ap =2f yar=2 2/Rdx | 2h, <1 =24f2] [ol] 20009 <0 VIDYA SAAKET SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, KALLAKURICHII!? =thyer=2fviear= afi . was fe] = 2 Et fo il} = (ava = 2 saute 12. Find the area of the region bounded by y? = 4x, y —axis and the line y = 3. Sol: Here y? = 4x is a right-handed parabola having its vertex at the origin and x = 3 is the lines parallel to the x axis at y = 3 units’ distance. Similarly, y? = 4x contains even power of y and is ¥* symmetrical about the x —axis. So, the required area = (Area of AOBA) [rv fr Ey, s “1 =Ptbl- 0) Aon=2 sq.units ‘13. Find the area of the region bounded by y = 8x and the line x = 2. Sol: Here y? = 8x is a right-handed parabola having its vertex at the origin and x = 2 is the lines parallel to the y-axis at x = 2 units” distance. Similarly, y? = 8x contains even power of y and is symmetrical about the x ~axis. So, the required area = 2(Area of AOCA) 2 2 = af yax=2 afoveae a 3 -«af5| = weet =i} 22 oy = 2 seats 14. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y* = 4x and the line x = 3, using integration. 3 east Sol: Required Area = 2 fy 2Vxdx = 4x fix on = £3V3 = 8V3 sq. units The area bounded by the curve y =x? +, ~axis and the lines x = 2, x = Sis equal to 2and x Here y = x? + xis upward curve and are the fines parallel to the y-axis at x= 2 to x= 2 units’ distance, So. the required area = fy dx = [2(x? +x) dx 325 _28_ 297 =P Fa FP saumits integration, find the area of the parabola y? = 4ax bounded by its latus rectum, We have y? = 4ax Since the latus rectum passes through the focus (a, 0) of the parabola Note that the curve is symmetric about x-axis. Required area = 2[> y dx] >= 2[ff 2Vavx dx] >= Aa x2 [xvi]; >= Vax [ava 0] 2=% sq.units las. Find the area bounded by y= x*, the lines x= 1,x=Sandx— ysx* axis. Sol: Here x* = y is upward curve and x= 1and x =5 are the lines 5 units’ distance. Similarly, parallel to the y —axis at x = 110 x4 =y contains even power of x and is symmetrical about the y-axis. So, the required area = (Area of ABCDA) 4p ‘ ae = feydx = fix dx =[E]. = 2 If = $054) — [D) = 5¢ 5 5:628.~ 0.2 = 6248 sa.umits - ‘(.\A.K.T MEMORIAL VIDYA SAAKET SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, KALLAKURICHI!} ade igi — SE eS wTS VF BOW; OR ee 5 aM? =.= 43/2 03 203! = (41/2)? State Baai=4ou=16 a= VIG oF 16 or 4 20.Calculate the area under the curve y = 2VX included between the lines x = 0 and x = 1, Sol: Given curves y = 2Vx. x = O and x = 1. y= 2Vx = y? = 4x (Parabola) , So. the required area = fy dx = ff 2Vedx 3} ofl y? = x ~1 (Parabola) The graph of above function is parabola with vertex (1,0)and lying above x-axis. For x € [1,5], the graph isas shown in figure So, the required area = | ydx = J Vx=Tdx lls] [a -ve]}= Fete) ton = = suns corresponding to t = Land (= 2. Sol: We have x = at? and y = 2at = x=at? and t= To eliminate t, substitute t = >in x = at?, we get x= a(2) x= 02> y! = dax whichis the panbols Putting t = 1 and t= 2 in x = at? and y = 2at, we get x =a and y=2a. =Required area = 2[f!*y dx] == 2[f{*2Vavedx] >= 4Va x2 [xv * 8 8, 56a? = Vaix5 [ava — aa] >= Vax 5 80VG — ave] >= Va x5 [eva] >=" seals 23. Using integration, find the area of the region ((x,y):0 sy x7 41,0 x(x—1) =0>x=0,x=1 + Required area = fi x2dx + 7 xdx (eh +2088 [1-0] +5[4—-1) 2 squnits. 25. Find the area of the region ((x,7):04 y 2 22,0 Sy Sx4+2.-1= 3 +2 Required area= °, 26. Using integration, find the area of region: {@y):0 < 2y = —[-1- 1] + |-1— ot 3=24+2>=45q.units 3. Find the area of the curve y = sin.x between ¥ We have y = cos x...(i);x = Oand x From the Figure, The required area = area of the region OABO Required area = f° sin x dx >= [~cos x} == —[e0s x — cos 0) == ~[-1 1] >= 2 sq.units 4. Find the area bounded by the curve y = 2.cos x and x-axis from x = O and x = 2m. Sol: We have y = cos x...(i); x =O and x = 20 Required arca = {32 cosx dx +|{-* 2cosxde|+ (2 2cosedx a 2m ll elf ona ia went] 2=2{tanal + [insig | snag} >= 2fsn5— sino] +[n2S sin + fans = 2{[1 — 0] + |-1 — 1] + [0 —(-1)]} >= 2(1 + 2 +1} >= 8 sq. units 5. Find the area bounded by the curve y = cos.x between x = 0 Sol: We have y = cos x...(i); x =O and x = 2m From the Figure, fcosx dx + [ff cosxadx| >= [sin ait Pee [ein] in| + |[sin — sin] >= [1 - 0] + 0-1) 2= 14 1 >= 2 sq.umits 105 of 308, ‘(DAK-T MEMORIAL VIDYA SAAKET SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, KALLAKURICHI Page 105 of 3 ‘Up till now we have been discussing problems either on finding the areas of the regions bounded by a HJ curve y = F(X), X-axis and on the lef and right by the vertical lines x = a and x = b respectively or on finding. theareas of the regions bounded by a curve x = f(y), y-axis and between the horizontal lines y = cand y = d j] on bottom and top respectively. In some practical problems, we may be interested in computing the area between } Be curves one below the other or one on the left of other. If wo curves are such that one is below the other and ‘we wish to find the area of the region bounded by them and on the left and right by vertical lines. In such cases, ‘we may use the following algorit (x) and y = g(x) and vertical lines x = a andx=b. SPEDE: Identify the region included between the curves and vertical lines drawn in Step 1 S22 8: Take an arbitrary point P(x,,y;) on one of the curves, say y = f(x), and draw a vertical line through Pio meet the other curves y = g(x), at Q(x2, 2). Clearly, ys = f(x) and y2 = g(x). S2S2 4. Draw a vertical approximately rectangle of width = dx, height (length) = yx — yal = If) — 91 such that P(x,,y;) and Q(z, ¥2) are mid-points of horizontal sides AB and CD as shown in diagram. STEP 5: Find the area of the approximating rectangle drawn in Step 4. Let OA be the area. Then, AA = If(x) — g(x)| dx STED 6: Use the formula A = {If(x) — g(x)| dx to find the area of the region between y = F(x) and y G(2) and on'the left and right by the vertical lines x = a and x = b réspectively. Htwo fonctions f() and g(x) are defined on (a, b] on x-axis which can be divided into sub-intervals {a,c} and Verb] such that f(x) = g(x) forall x € (a, ¢] and f(x) < g(x) forall x €[c, b). That is the curve y = f(x) is ontop ofthecurve y = g(x) over the sub interval (a, c] and the curve y = g(x) Son top of the curve y = f(x) over the sub interval [¢,b] as shown in diagram. Then, the area A between the two curves on the interval [a B] by -€, AC) = aI dx = f57(x) — g(x) dx + f*16(@) — gO) dx Page 106 of 308 |STEDI: Draw given curves x = $(y) and x = wp(y) and horizontal lines y = ¢ and y = d. | STEP 2: \dentify the region included between the curves and vertical lines drawn in Step 1 through P to meet the other curves y (Clearly. x1 = (9) and x2 = 90). (y), at Q(x2, ¥2): Draw a horizontal approximately rectangle of width = dy, lxz — x11 = 100) — G0)] such that Ae. P(&,,¥x) and Q(x2,¥2) are mid-points of vertical sides height (length yee AB and CD as shown in diagram. ‘STEPS: Find the arca of the approximating rectangle ~ gi i drawn in Step 4, Let AA be the area. Then. AA = 160) = ¥O)Idy (STEP 6: Use the formula A = J“I() ~ bOI dy to find the area ofthe region between x = (y) and x= WG) and onthe bottom and top by the horizontal ines y = cand y = respectively Iftwo functions (/) and w(y) are defined on [c,d] on y~ axis which can be divided into sub-intervals [¢,€] and [e, d] 2 Ts such that 6(y) 2 Oy) forall y € [eve]and >) S¥O) ya (y) is on the right forall y € [e, d). That is the curve x ‘of the curve x = (9) over the sub interval [c,¢] and the curve x = p(y) is on the right of the curve x = (9) over nin diagram. Then, the area the sub interval [e, d] as show ‘A between the two curves on the interval [¢,d] given by yaaxisis 4= [160) — wOdldy = fivor—vortar+ fier-voriay VIDYA SAAKET SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, KALLAKURICHIL:) | S762 5: Take an arbitrary point P(x,,y1) on one of the curves. say x= (y), and draw a horizontal line =v) Page 1 07 of 308 ii heer. recta. A PaeDinub ti DOD Oe ae ry VON + L180) WONT dy for) A= [5140) = VOD dy +100) - dN dy BASED ON TRIANGLE and (3,2). Sok: Let A(“1,0), 8(1,3), 63,2), M9¢ [Bquations ofthe sides of triangle A\ AB:y = 2 (+1), BC: = }(-X +7), AC:y = pr+1) Area of AABC = J, Yande +f yocdx ~ J? yeqdx w= [Se nies 1 ut 5oxt Dax—f 50 dx tr] 9=345—45= 4.s9.amits ry, 2. Using the method of integration, find the area of the triangle ABC, coordinates of whose vertices are « |} A(2.0),B(4,5) and (6,3). Sol: Self-practice Ans: 59. units 3. Using the method of integration, find the area of the region bounded by the lines 3x 2x+3y—21 =Oandx—Sy+9=0. Sol: Let AB:3x-2y + 1 = 0°BC:2x + 3y—21= and CA:x -Sy +9 =0. att That is, AB:y = 4, BC: y Clearly, A (1, 2), B (3; 5) and C (6, Requiredarea = ff yagdx + J? yecdx — f° yoqdx 3a fae + [ax — foe sos 2s 2x(-2) I, Filet ~ 225] ~ ~[225 — 100] 2so. units. 4. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the lines y = x+5, 4x45, y¥=S5—xand 4y = a CLASS XII MATERIAL (FULLY SOLVED) FOR CBSE TERM - Il BOARD EXAMS - 2022) 2 all al 5, Find the aren of the regi unded by the eure y = x x+6and x= 0, Jgol: Weave y = x3 (i) and y = x +6 =< (ii): x = 0, Y Solving (i) and (i), we pet x = x46 "tt =x-x-6=0 i 3 (k= 2X + 2e +3) =0 Ee wy Sineex*4+$2¢43=Ohasnorealroots, wx =2 Therefore. the points of intersection is (2,8). Therefore, the required area of the shaded region = [Plyu — yee “y vee =F ae nr Hr fh Bh Ba ae | i | ji | | | c 6. Using integration, find the smaller area enclosed by the circle x? + y? = 4 and the y=2 EaiWehave x? 9? = 4 —(iyandx + iy c } Solving (i) and (i), we get x? + (2— : } . | 3 2x? = 4x =0 > 2e(x- 2) = 03x = 00rx=2 Therefore, the points of intersection are (0,2), (2,0) ¢ Required C € | i. a \| 7. Using Tandy=|x-1|. | - he : ‘ € Sok: Wehave y = V5 eh ie C | “ a | \ Solving (i) and (i), So t1=5 S 3 (x+1)(x-2)= + Requiredarea = f°, yidx — J, yuclx 2 2 (2 Sax — fe thd 1 = 5) sa.units tion, find the area of the region ((x,y):x? + y? < 4.44 Y21x>0,y> 0). Wehave {(x.y):x? + y? < 1, x FVELxE0y20) Consider x? + y? “O.xty (and x = 0,y = 0, Ree 1086 centre ipa origin ana radius is of 1 unit the line (ii) cuts off the inte the 1" quadrant, : , . ; = Required area = [ ride f rude om [ Vinx — fa nax , , : 5 vise : flea] +310 ob aloes] 0420-1)» *eepts OF | unit on both the axes in 9. Using integration, find the area of the region ((x,y):x? + y?<9.x4y>3), peaNcTave (Coy): hy? <9 yyy 5 3} emma 9 = Olandie ya w Here (i)is a circle with centre (0,0) and radius 3 units. Also, (i) isa straight-line intersecting (i) at the Points (0,3) and (3.0), Required area — f° 9x2 ax — C=xnax = Evoaae point) 423 yep = [o+2x2] = 045101) = 2G —2)s9.nits 20-Using integration, find the area of the region ((x,y):22 4 vs Sol" Here((y):x? ty? <1 2), using the mejbod of integration. Sol: We have {(x,y):x? + y? < 4.x + y > 2} Let x? +y? = 4..(i)and x+y = 2..(ii) On solving (i) & (ii) we get the point of intersection as (0, 2) and (2, 0) (0 of 308 ‘{1A.K.T MEMORIAL VIDYA SAAKET SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, KALLAKURICHI(|? Page 110 of 308 the area of the shaded region bounded by eurves (i) & (ii) = [ =F e-n)ar rors g ea = [0+ 2sin 24+ 0] (04042) = (nx — 2)50-units 12. Using integration, find the area of the region {(\,y):x? + y? < 1= J_ 2)- (zed) a=pa tle bounded by the parabola y? = 2x and the straight line find the area of the re x-ys4 y se: Wehave y* y=4 Gi) The intersect ven curves are obtained by solving, fe i ), Hence ary) Oandx =3. 24 2,y=uE 2 42,wegety = 11 iny=x iny=x,wegcty=3 Required aren = (260? +2) — fox" -y SCHOOL, KALLAKURICHII!) Page 13 of 308 ts of intersection of y? = 4ax and y = mx are 0(0,0) (3 : The shaded region OBAO in figure represents the yo ee -4{ -(oy} = 32a? Ba? gaz ij © Bint Bima $4-tmits 25. Using integration, ind the area bounded by the tangent to the curve 4y = 2 atthe poig a z y the lines whose equations are x = 2y and x = 3y ~3. b: ‘The given curve is 4y = > a dilagary 2 Equation of tangent at (2, 1) is: y — Also given lines are x = 2y...(li) and x = 3y —3. Required arca = {2 [@--JJax + Fe- x : ae eee integration, find the value of m. Sol: Let y? = 16ax...(i), y = 4mr Ait) By (i) & (ii), (4mx}? = 16ax > x(m?x- a) = 0 x = Oor etree emer iie cin = AVa fpr" Ved — 4m Ee ain i Brave |= 2m ca 27.Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola y = x? and y Paddamhy= b= [E229 gy Curve (i) is symmetrical about y-axis since it contains even power of x Solving (i) and (i {{1A.K-T MEMORIAL VIDYA SAAKET SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, KALLAKURICHIF! (1,1) x Plt, 0) P(1.0) Mg WE Now, rend area = 2 (04800) >= 2[f! yande- fe rot] 2 ide fsa] = 2[fee— aya] Required Area = 154 Onis 28. Find the area bounded by the curves ((x,y):y > x? and y = |x}. Giety o2 ety oe en y = (Wand, y= xl =f 2H EEN (i) ‘Curve (i) is symmetrical about y-axis since it contains even power of x Solving (i) and (i), we ge: Case: fx x9x(x-1) =054=0.x=1 So, points of intersections are (0,0), (1,1). Case I: Ix <0,x? = -x 9 x41) =09x=0, So, points of intersections ar (0,0), (-I, 1). Now, required area = 2 x ar(OABCO) 3=2ff2ywdr— rode] 2=2 [ff ler - ff a] = 2((\@=x2)ax] 2= Required Area=38¢. Unis ind the area of the following region integration: ((x,y):y $ |x| +2.y= Consider y = [x] +2 (i) and y = (ii) x+2ifx20 Notethat y=h1+2= (7 9 peco When x 2 Othen x+2= x22 x?-4=2=0 S+x-2)=09r=2 (x20) When x < Othen =x +2 =x? x? x= 3-42 =094=-2 (*x<0) ‘Therefore, the points of intersection are 2,4), (~2.4) (°2-x-x)de+ SQ +x 22) dx 3 ze + ‘()AK-T MEMORIAL VIDYA SAAKET SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, KALLAKURICHIS Page 115 o£ 308 d Using z -Csing integration, find the aren of the smaller region bounded by the ellipse +2 t , gtta1 Sot Given curves are 4 2 = LEZ = 1.0 hat 2 (SUR iy ears From (9 Pat Bag Hats y2 2263 yay ti), Zee pe From(i)t=1—foLe Curve (i) represents an ellipse of the form xe whose major axis is along x —axis Also (ii) is a line with x and y intercepts as 3 and 2 respectively. So, required area = 2 ydx ~ Rude = Fax 2 23— oyde PN Somes tae te) 5fo-+$sim} fo -0}-2[(0-2) 9] it =i) sq.anits Curve represents ancl ot he fom 2 2 = L whose major axis is along x —axis, Also (ii) is a line with x and y intercepts as 3 and 2 respectively, So, required area = fo yd ~ f° yydx x£(E-1)sq.unies ab =1) sa-unies 2 98 2)50,units " TPysa~x Curve (i) represents an ei 2 : se othe frm 42 = 1 whose major assis along “28% ‘Also (i) is alin with « and Heep snd reed 7 ctv. ; Soureqied ate fF yde = Pyady bm 223), FH 3 0 ae I Beate et 2=3[a Ft Sin afer! zt = 3104+ 2sin™1]-f0+0}-3{(4—2) i ¢ 2 3X2X2-3x2 = 3n—6Squumits Using integration find he are ofthe ein (x.y): 932 + Ay? < 36 and 3x + 29 26) \fos Bc eencicor yes and 3x +2y = 62542 ' From (i). > From (i), = 1 whose majoras is Curve i) represents an ellipse ofthe form along y~anis. Also (iis line with x andy intercepts as and 3 respectively. Solving (i) and (i) we gt the point of intersection ar: (2,0) and (03) Required area = fy 2 Yea ey mys ee )Utgysl le bua j ALFind the area ofthe region bounded by th sot; Webave Pesinx._(0,y = cos (10,2 = 0 —anls) when OSS 5 jar flyde Required area sae ff (casx sins) = [inet cosa] [sin + cos — [sind + e050] fe tor nd = bE tseamis Me ‘SDAKcT MEMORIAL VIDYA SAAKET SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, /KALLAKURICHIC Page LI7of

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