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Assignment 1

The document consists of various problems related to fluid mechanics and viscosity, including deriving equations for terminal velocity, force required to pull plates, power for belt drives, and angular velocity of rotating cones. It also covers calculations involving shear stress, torque in viscometers, and velocity distributions in laminar flow. Each problem provides specific parameters and conditions for solving the respective fluid dynamics scenarios.

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jasmeetcool1234
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33 views

Assignment 1

The document consists of various problems related to fluid mechanics and viscosity, including deriving equations for terminal velocity, force required to pull plates, power for belt drives, and angular velocity of rotating cones. It also covers calculations involving shear stress, torque in viscometers, and velocity distributions in laminar flow. Each problem provides specific parameters and conditions for solving the respective fluid dynamics scenarios.

Uploaded by

jasmeetcool1234
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment - 1

1. A block of weight W slides down an inclined plane while lubricated by a thin film of oil, as in
the following Fig. The film contact area is A and its thickness is h. Assuming a linear velocity
distribution in the film, derive an expression for the “terminal” (zero-acceleration) velocity V
of the block. Find the terminal velocity of the block if the block mass is 6 kg, A = 35 cm2, θ =
15°, and the film is 1-mm-thick SAE 30 oil at 20°C. [Take viscosity of oil 0.29 kg/ (m.s)]

2. A thin plate is separated from two fixed plates by very viscous liquids μ1 and μ2, respectively,
as in the following Fig. The plate spacings h1 and h2 are unequal, as shown. The contact area
is A between the center plate and each fluid. ( a ) Assuming a linear velocity distribution in
each fluid, derive the force F required to pull the plate at velocity V. ( b ) Is there a necessary
relation between the two viscosities, μ1 and μ2 ?

3. The belt in the following Fig, moves at a steady velocity V and skims the top of a tank of oil of
viscosity μ, as shown. Assuming a linear velocity profile in the oil, develop a simple formula
for the required belt-drive power P as a function of (h, L, V, b, μ). What belt-drive power P, in
watts, is required if the belt moves at 2.5 m/s over SAE 30W oil at 20°C, with L = 2m, b = 60
cm, and h = 3cm?
4. A solid cone of angle 2θ, base r0, and density ρc is rotating with initial angular velocity ω0
inside a conical seat, as shown in the following Fig. The clearance h is filled with oil of
viscosity μ. Neglecting air drag, derive an analytical expression for the cone’s angular velocity
ω (t) if there is no applied torque.

5. A block of weight W is being pulled over a table by another weight Wo, as shown in the
following Fig. Find an algebraic formula for the steady velocity U of the block if it slides on
an oil film of thickness h and viscosity μ. The block bottom area A is in contact with the oil.
Neglect the cord weight and the pulley friction. Assume a linear velocity profile in the oil film.

6. A simple and popular model for nonnewtonian fluids is the power-law:


𝑑𝑢 𝑛
𝜏 ≈ 𝐶( )
𝑑𝑦
where C and n are constants fit to the fluid. Consider the specific model constant C = 0.4 N ∙
sn /m2, with the fluid being sheared between two parallel plates as in the following Fig. If the
shear stress in the fluid is 1200 Pa, find the velocity V of the upper plate for the cases ( a ) n =
1.0, ( b ) n = 1.2, and ( c ) n = 0.8.
7. Glycerin at 20° C fills the space between a hollow sleeve of diameter 12 cm and a fixed coaxial
solid rod of diameter 11.8 cm. The outer sleeve is rotated at 120 rev/min. Assuming no
temperature change, estimate the torque required, in N · m per meter of rod length, to hold the
inner rod fixed.

8. The velocity distribution for laminar flow between parallel plates is given by
𝑢 2𝑦 2
= 1−( )
𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 ℎ
where h is the distance separating the plates and the origin is placed midway between the plates.
Consider a flow of water at 15°C, with umax = 0.10 m/s and h = 0.1 mm. Calculate the shear
stress on the upper plate and give its direction. Sketch the variation of shear stress across the
channel.

9. Fluids of viscosities μ1 = 0.15 Ns/m2, μ2 = 0.5 Ns/m2, and μ3 = 0.2 Ns/m2 are contained between
two plates (each plate is 1 m2 in area). The thicknesses are h1 = 0.5 mm, h2 = 0.25 mm, and h3
= 0.2 mm, respectively. Find the steady speed V of the upper plate and the velocities at the two
interfaces due to a force F = 100 N. Plot the velocity distribution.

10. A viscometer is used to measure the viscosity of a patient’s blood. The deformation rate (shear
rate) and shear stress data is shown below. Plot the apparent viscosity versus deformation rate.
Find the value of k and n in the following Eq.
𝑑𝑢 𝑛−1 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝜏 = 𝑘| | ( )=𝜂
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Where 𝜂 is the apparent viscosity
11. The device in the following Fig is called a cone-plate viscometer. The angle of the cone is very
small, so that sin θ < θ, and the gap is filled with the test liquid. The torque M to rotate the cone
at a rate V is measured. Assuming a linear velocity profile in the fluid film, derive an expression
for fluid viscosity μ as a function of ( M, R , V , θ ).

12. The piston in the figure is traveling at terminal speed. The mass m now disconnects from the
piston. Plot the piston speed vs. time. How long does it take the piston to come within 1 percent
of its new terminal speed?

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