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Tutorial

The document contains a tutorial on energy, heat, and work, specifically focusing on the first law of thermodynamics in closed systems. It includes various problems involving piston/cylinder arrangements, heat transfer, work done, and final states of different fluids and gases under specified conditions. Each problem is followed by an answer key providing specific values for pressure, temperature, work, and heat transfer.

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jasmeetcool1234
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2 views

Tutorial

The document contains a tutorial on energy, heat, and work, specifically focusing on the first law of thermodynamics in closed systems. It includes various problems involving piston/cylinder arrangements, heat transfer, work done, and final states of different fluids and gases under specified conditions. Each problem is followed by an answer key providing specific values for pressure, temperature, work, and heat transfer.

Uploaded by

jasmeetcool1234
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial-II

Energy, Heat and Work


&
First Law (Closed System)

1. A piston/cylinder arrangement is initially as shown in Fig.


It contains air at 150 kPa, 400°C. The setup is allowed to
cool to the ambient temperature of 20°C. Answer the
following:
a. Is the piston resting on the stops in the final state?
b. What is the final pressure in the cylinder?
c. What is the specific work done by the air during this
process?
d. What is the heat transfer per unit mass of air in the
process?

2. Fluid R-22 is contained inside a piston/cylinder as shown in


(see Fig.), where the volume is 11 L when the piston hits the
stops. The initial state is 15°C, 150 kPa with volume of 10 L.
This system warms up to 30°C.
a. Is the piston at the stops in the final state?
b. Find the work done by R-22 during this process.
c. Determine the total heat transfer in the overall process.

3. A spherical balloon behaves such that the pressure inside it is proportional to the
diameter squared. It contains 2 kg of ammonia initially at 0°C and 60% quality. The
balloon and ammonia are now heated so that a final pressure of 600 kPa is reached.
Considering the ammonia as the control mass, find the amount of work done and heat
transfer in this process.

4. Two kilograms of water is contained inside a piston/cylinder


(see Fig.) with a massless piston loaded with a linear spring
and an outside atmospheric pressure P0 = 100 kPa. Initially
the spring force is zero and P1 =P0 and volume of water =
0.2 m3. Heat is now added until the pressure reaches 1.2
MPa. When the piston just hits the upper stops the volume
is 0.8 m3 and T= 600°C. Find the final temperature, show
the P-V diagram and find the heat transfer during the
process.
5. Air at 200 kPa, 30°C is contained in a cylinder/piston arrangement with initial volume
0.1 m3. The inside pressure balances ambient pressure of 100 kPa in addition to an
externally imposed force that is proportional to V0.5. Now heat is transferred to the
system to obtain a final pressure of 225 kPa. Find the final temperature and the work
done in the process.

6. A spring-loaded piston/cylinder arrangement contains R-134a at 20°C, 24% quality


with a volume 50 L. The setup is heated and thus expands, moving the piston. It is
noted that when the last drop of liquid disappears the temperature is 40°C. The heating
is stopped when T= 130°C. Sketch the process on P-v diagram and determine the final
pressure of R134a (may require iteration).

7. A piston/cylinder shown in Fig. contains 0.5 m3 of R-410a


at 2 MPa, 150°C. The piston mass and atmosphere give
a pressure of 450 kPa that will float the piston. The whole
setup cools in a freezer. Find the heat transfer and sketch
the process on P–v chart if the final temperature =
−20°C.

8. An insulated cylinder is divided into two parts of 1 m3 each by an initially locked piston,
as shown in Fig. Side A has air at 200 kPa, 300 K, and side B has air at 1.0 MPa, 1000
K. The piston is now unlocked so that it is free to move, and it conducts heat so that
the air comes to a uniform temperature TA = TB. Find the mass in both A and B and
the final T and P.

9. A piston/cylinder arrangement B is connected to a 1-m3 tank A by a line and valve,


shown in Fig. Initially both contain water, with A at 100 kPa, saturated vapor and B
at 400°C, 300 kPa, 1 m3. The valve is now opened, and the water in both A and B
comes to a uniform state.
a. Find the initial mass in A and B.
b. If the process results in T2 = 200°C, find the heat transfer and the work.

ANSWER KEY:

1. a. Yes the piston rests on stops


b. 130.6 kPa
c. -96.47 kJ
d. -369.32 kJ
2. a. Piston will not reach the stops
b. 84.6 J
c. 241.1 J
3. δW = 117.2 kJ and δ Q = 1357.82 kJ
4. 769.7°C, δ Q = 6452.24 kJ
5. 532.45 K, 11.97 kJ
6. ≈ 1200 kPa
7. -7834.21 kJ
8. mA = 2.32 kg, mB = 3.484 kg, T = 720.2 K, P = 599.83 kPa
9. a. mA = 0.59 kg, mB = 0.969 kg
b. δW = -264.99 kJ and δ Q = -484.6 kJ

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