Q.

1 Answer the following questions on unit one (any

two out of four) Marks – 10

1. what is a sentence and explain the meaning, structure, use

with the examples of the 4 types of sentences based on the
purpose.
- A sentence is a group of words that conveys a complete thought. It typically consists of a subject and a
predicate and follows grammatical rules to make sense. A sentence begins with a capital letter and ends
with a full stop (.), a question mark (?), or an exclamation mark (!).
- A sentence expresses a statement, question, command, or exclamation. It is the basic unit of
communication in any language.
- A sentence usually has two main parts:
i. Subject – The person, place, thing, or idea that the sentence is about.
ii. Predicate – The part of the sentence that tells something about the subject, including the verb and
the object (if any).
- Types of Sentences Based on Purpose:
Declarative Sentence (Statement) – Gives information or states a fact.
• Example: The sun rises in the east.
Interrogative Sentence (Question) – Asks something.
• Example: Where do you live?
Imperative Sentence (Command or Request) – Gives an order or request.
• Example: Please pass the salt.
Exclamatory Sentence (Exclamation) – Expresses strong emotions.
• Example: What a beautiful view!

• 2. what is a sentence and explain the meaning, structure,

use with the examples of the 4 types of sentences based
on the structure.
- A sentence is a group of words that conveys a complete thought. It typically consists of a subject and a
predicate and follows grammatical rules to make sense. A sentence begins with a capital letter and ends
with a full stop (.), a question mark (?), or an exclamation mark (!).
- A sentence expresses a statement, question, command, or exclamation. It is the basic unit of
communication in any language.
- A sentence usually has two main parts:
i. Subject – The person, place, thing, or idea that the sentence is about.
ii. Predicate – The part of the sentence that tells something about the subject, including the verb and
the object (if any).
-Types of Sentences Based on Structure:
Simple Sentence – Contains only one independent clause.
 • Example: She loves playing the piano.
Compound Sentence – Contains two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction
(and, but, or, so, yet, for, nor).
• Example: I wanted to go for a walk, but it started raining.
Complex Sentence – Contains one independent clause and at least one dependent (subordinate) clause.
• Example: Although it was late, he continued studying.
Compound-Complex Sentence – Contains at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent
clauses.
• Example: She was excited because she won the competition, but she remained humble.

3. what is a sentence and explain the meaning, structure, use

with the examples of the Declarative sentences.
- A sentence is a group of words that conveys a complete thought. It typically consists of a subject and a
predicate and follows grammatical rules to make sense. A sentence begins with a capital letter and ends
with a full stop (.), a question mark (?), or an exclamation mark (!).
- A sentence expresses a statement, question, command, or exclamation. It is the basic unit of
communication in any language.
- A sentence usually has two main parts:
i. Subject – The person, place, thing, or idea that the sentence is about.
ii. Predicate – The part of the sentence that tells something about the subject, including the verb and
the object (if any).
Declarative Sentence
A declarative sentence is a sentence that makes a statement or expresses an idea. It provides
information, facts, or opinions and always ends with a full stop (.).
- Use of Declarative Sentences
• To provide information: Water boils at 100°C.
• To state facts: The Earth revolves around the Sun.
• To express an opinion: I think chocolate cake is delicious.
Examples of Declarative Sentences
1. The sky is blue.
2. She works as a software engineer.
3. They will visit Paris next summer.
4. Reading books improves vocabulary.

4. what is a clause and explain meaning of independent and

dependent clause with the examples
Clause
A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb. It can function as a complete sentence or
as part of a larger sentence. Clauses are the building blocks of sentences and can be categorized into
independent and dependent clauses.
1. Independent Clause
An independent clause is a complete sentence that expresses a full thought and can stand alone. It has
both a subject and a predicate.
Example:
 • She loves reading books.
• The sun shines brightly.
• We will go to the park tomorrow.
2. Dependent Clause (Subordinate Clause)
A dependent clause (also called a subordinate clause) is a group of words that contains a subject and a
verb but does not express a complete thought. It cannot stand alone and depends on an independent
clause to complete its meaning.
Example:
• Because she loves reading books (incomplete thought, needs more information)
• Although it was raining (incomplete thought)
• When we go to the park (incomplete thought)

5. what is a subject verb agreement and explain rules of

subject verb agreement with examples.
-Subject-Verb Agreement
Subject-Verb Agreement refers to the grammatical rule that the verb in a sentence must agree with its
subject in number (singular or plural).
1. Singular subjects take singular verbs, and plural subjects take plural verbs.
Example:
• She writes a letter. (Singular subject → Singular verb)
• They write a letter. (Plural subject → Plural verb)
2. Two singular subjects joined by ‘and’ take a plural verb.
Example:
• John and Sarah are best friends.
John and Sarah is best friends. (Incorrect)
• Bread and butter is my favorite breakfast.
3. When subjects are joined by ‘or’ or ‘nor,’ the verb agrees with the subject closest to it.
Example:
• Either the teacher or the students are coming. (Closest subject: "students" → "are")
• Neither the students nor the teacher is coming. (Closest subject: "teacher" → "is")
4. Collective nouns take a singular verb when considered as one unit but a plural verb when referring to
individuals.
Example:
• The team is winning. (Single unit)
• The team are arguing among themselves. (Individuals)
5. Indefinite pronouns (everyone, someone, anybody, each) take a singular verb.
Example:
• Everyone loves ice cream.
• Each student has a book.
Everyone love ice cream. (Incorrect)
6. When a sentence starts with "there" or "here," the verb agrees with the actual subject.
Example:
• There is a pen on the table. (Singular subject: "pen" → "is")
 • There are books on the table. (Plural subject: "books" → "are")
7. Some nouns always take a singular verb (news, mathematics, physics, etc.).
Example:
• Mathematics is difficult.
• The news is shocking.
8. Titles of books, movies, and works take a singular verb.
Example:
• "The Avengers" is a popular movie.
9. Distances, amounts of money, and periods of time take a singular verb.
Example:
• Five miles is a long walk.
• Ten dollars is enough.
10. Fractions and percentages take a verb based on the noun that follows them.
Example:
• One-third of the cake is left. (Singular: "cake")
• One-third of the students are absent. (Plural: "students")
11. Plural-form nouns with singular meaning take a singular verb (civics, economics, physics).
Example:
• Economics is an interesting subject.
• Physics is my favorite class.
12. Some words (e.g., scissors, trousers, glasses) take a plural verb unless preceded by "a pair of."
Example:
• My trousers are dirty.
• A pair of trousers is in the drawer.

6. explain usage and structure of 4 types present tense with

examples.
1. Simple Present Tense
Usage:
• To express habits, routines, and repeated actions.
• To state general facts and universal truths.
• To give instructions or directions.
Structure:
Affirmative: Subject + V1 (base form) / V1 + s/es (for singular subjects) + Object
Negative: Subject + do/does not + V1 + Object
Interrogative: Do/Does + Subject + V1 + Object?
Examples:
• She writes a letter every day. (Habit)
• The sun rises in the east. (Universal truth)
• They do not like spicy food. (Negative)
• Does he play football? (Question)
2. Present Continuous Tense
Usage:
 • To describe actions happening right now.
• To talk about temporary situations.
• To describe planned future actions.
Structure:
Affirmative: Subject + is/am/are + V1 + -ing + Object
Negative: Subject + is/am/are not + V1 + -ing + Object
Interrogative: Is/Am/Are + Subject + V1 + -ing + Object?
Examples:
• She is reading a book now. (Happening now)
• They are staying in a hotel this week. (Temporary situation)
• I am not watching TV. (Negative)
• Is he studying for the exam? (Question)
3. Present Perfect Tense
Usage:
• To talk about past actions with a connection to the present.
• To describe life experiences.
• To talk about an action completed recently.
Structure:
Affirmative: Subject + has/have + V3 (past participle) + Object
Negative: Subject + has/have not + V3 + Object
Interrogative: Has/Have + Subject + V3 + Object?
Examples:
• She has finished her homework. (Completed but relevant now)
• I have visited Paris twice. (Life experience)
• They have not eaten lunch yet. (Negative)
• Have you ever traveled to Japan? (Question)
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Usage:
• To describe actions that started in the past and are still happening.
• To show how long something has been happening.
Structure:
Affirmative: Subject + has/have been + V1 + -ing + Object
Negative: Subject + has/have not been + V1 + -ing + Object
Interrogative: Has/Have + Subject + been + V1 + -ing + Object?
Examples:
• She has been studying for three hours. (Still happening)
• I have been working here since 2020. (Ongoing action)
• He has not been sleeping well lately. (Negative)
• Have they been waiting for long? (Question)

7. explain usage and structure of 4 types of past tense with

examples.
1. Simple Past Tense
Usage:
• Used for completed actions in the past.
• Used for past habits or routines.
• Used with specific time expressions like yesterday, last week, in 2020, two days ago.
Structure:
Affirmative: Subject + V2 (past form of verb) + Object
Negative: Subject + did not + V1 (base form) + Object
Interrogative: Did + Subject + V1 + Object?
Examples:
• She visited Paris last year. (Completed action)
• He played football every weekend when he was a child. (Past habit)
• They did not attend the meeting. (Negative)
• Did you watch the movie? (Question)
2. Past Continuous Tense
Usage:
• Used for ongoing actions in the past.
• Used for an interrupted action in the past.
• Used for describing background details in a story.
Structure:
Affirmative: Subject + was/were + V1 + -ing + Object
Negative: Subject + was/were not + V1 + -ing + Object
Interrogative: Was/Were + Subject + V1 + -ing + Object?
Examples:
• She was cooking when the phone rang. (Interrupted action)
• They were playing football at 5 PM yesterday. (Ongoing past action)
• I was not watching TV at that time. (Negative)
• Were you sleeping when I called? (Question)
3. Past Perfect Tense
Usage:
• Used for an action completed before another past action.
• Used with time expressions like before, after, by the time.
Structure:
Affirmative: Subject + had + V3 (past participle) + Object
Negative: Subject + had not + V3 + Object
Interrogative: Had + Subject + V3 + Object?
Examples:
• She had finished her homework before the teacher arrived. (Completed before another past
event)
• They had already left when I reached the station.
• He had not eaten before going to bed. (Negative)
• Had you ever seen that movie before? (Question)
4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Usage:
• Used for an action that started in the past and continued until another past moment.
 • Used with since, for, before, until.
Structure:
Affirmative: Subject + had been + V1 + -ing + Object
Negative: Subject + had not been + V1 + -ing + Object
Interrogative: Had + Subject + been + V1 + -ing + Object?
Examples:
• She had been studying for two hours before her mother called. (Ongoing past action before
another past action)
• They had been working in the company for five years before they resigned.
• I had not been feeling well for days. (Negative)
• Had you been waiting long before the bus arrived? (Question)

8.explain usage and structure of 4 types of Future tense with

examples

1. Simple Future Tense

Usage:
• Used to describe actions that will happen in the future.
• Used for promises, predictions, offers, and spontaneous decisions.
• Used with words like tomorrow, next week, soon, in 2025.
Structure:
Affirmative: Subject + will/shall + V1 (base form) + Object
Negative: Subject + will not (won't) + V1 + Object
Interrogative: Will + Subject + V1 + Object?
Examples:
• She will visit Paris next year. (Future action)
• I will call you later. (Promise)
• They will not come to the party. (Negative)
• Will you help me with my homework? (Question)
2. Future Continuous Tense
Usage:
• Used for ongoing actions that will happen at a specific time in the future.
• Used to describe planned future actions.
• Used with time expressions like this time tomorrow, at 5 PM next week.
Structure:
Affirmative: Subject + will be + V1 + -ing + Object
Negative: Subject + will not be + V1 + -ing + Object
Interrogative: Will + Subject + be + V1 + -ing + Object?
Examples:
• She will be studying at 8 PM tomorrow. (Ongoing action in the future)
• They will be traveling to Japan next month.
• I will not be working on Sunday. (Negative)
 • Will you be attending the meeting tomorrow? (Question)
3. Future Perfect Tense
Usage:
• Used for actions that will be completed before a certain time in the future.
• Used with by, before, until, by the time.
Structure:
Affirmative: Subject + will have + V3 (past participle) + Object
Negative: Subject + will not have + V3 + Object
Interrogative: Will + Subject + have + V3 + Object?
Examples:
• She will have finished her work by 5 PM. (Completed before a specific time)
• They will have left before you arrive.
• I will not have completed my assignment by tomorrow. (Negative)
• Will you have reached home before dinner? (Question)
4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Usage:
• Used to describe actions that will continue up to a certain point in the future.
• Used with for, since, by the time.
Structure:
Affirmative: Subject + will have been + V1 + -ing + Object
Negative: Subject + will not have been + V1 + -ing + Object
Interrogative: Will + Subject + have been + V1 + -ing + Object?
Examples:
• She will have been working here for five years by next May. (Ongoing action up to a future time)
• By 2026, they will have been living in New York for ten years.
• He will not have been studying for long before the exam. (Negative)
• Will you have been waiting for me for an hour? (Question)

9. explain usage and structure of Present Simple tense with

examples.
The Present Simple Tense is used to describe actions that are habitual, general facts, or scheduled events.
Usage of Present Simple Tense:
1. Habitual actions or routines
o Used to talk about things that happen regularly.
o Often used with adverbs of frequency like always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every
day.
o Example:
▪ She wakes up at 7 AM every day.
▪ He plays football on Sundays.
2. General truths and universal facts
o Used to state scientific facts, truths, or things that do not change.
o Example:
 ▪ The sun rises in the east.
▪ Water boils at 100°C.
3. Fixed schedules or timetables
o Used for official schedules, timetables, and planned events.
o Example:
▪ The train leaves at 6 PM.
▪ The movie starts at 9 o’clock.
4. Instructions and directions
o Used in manuals, instructions, or guiding someone.
o Example:
▪ You press this button to start the machine.
▪ First, you add the sugar, then you stir the coffee.
5. Future events in subordinate clauses
o Used in future time clauses (after when, until, before, as soon as, if).
o Example:
▪ I will call you when she arrives.
▪ We will go out if it stops raining.
Structure of Present Simple Tense:
Affirmative (Positive) Sentences
Subject + V1 (base form) + s/es (for singular subjects) + Object
• He/She/It → verb + s/es
• I/You/We/They → verb (base form)
Examples:
• She reads a book every night.
• They play football on weekends.
Negative Sentences
Subject + do/does not + V1 (base form) + Object
• He/She/It → does not (doesn’t) + verb
• I/You/We/They → do not (don’t) + verb
Examples:
• She does not like spicy food.
• We do not watch TV in the morning.
Interrogative (Question) Sentences
Do/Does + Subject + V1 (base form) + Object?
• Does he play cricket?
• Do they speak English?

10. Write a short note on Collocations and write examples of

collocation
A collocation is a group of words that are commonly used together in a way that sounds natural to native
speakers. These word combinations follow a specific pattern and cannot be easily replaced by synonyms
without sounding unnatural.
For example, we say "make a decision" instead of "do a decision" because "make" naturally collocates
with "decision."
Types of Collocations with Examples:
1. Verb + Noun
o Make a mistake
o Give advice
o Take a break
o Have a meal
2. Adjective + Noun
o Strong coffee
o Fast food
o Heavy rain
o Deep sleep
3. Noun + Noun
o Traffic jam
o Fire alarm
o Time management
o Payday loan
4. Verb + Adverb
o Speak fluently
o Sing loudly
o Work hard
o Drive carefully
5. Adverb + Adjective
o Completely satisfied
o Highly recommended
o Deeply grateful
o Extremely cold

Q.2 Answer the following questions on unit three

(any three out of five) Marks – 15

1. how would you introduce yourself in the interview. Write

your introduction.
Greeting:
• "Good [morning/afternoon], sir/madam."
Name & Education:
• "My name is [Your Name], and I am currently pursuing a Bachelor of Computer Applications
(BCA)."
Technical Skills & Interests:
• "I have a strong interest in technology, programming, and software development."
 • "I am proficient in [mention programming languages like Python, Java, C++] and familiar with
[mention tools like MySQL, HTML/CSS, JavaScript]."
Projects & Experience:
• "I have worked on several academic projects that have improved my problem-solving and
analytical skills."
• "I enjoy learning about databases, web development, and application design."
Soft Skills & Strengths:
• "I am a quick learner, team player, and highly adaptable to new challenges."
• "I have good communication and collaboration skills."
Hobbies & Personal Interests:
• "Apart from academics, I enjoy [mention hobbies like reading, gaming, or sports], which help me
stay motivated."
Closing Statement:
• "I am excited about this opportunity and look forward to contributing my skills to your
organization. Thank you!"

2. How would you introduce yourself on the first day of work

to Head of the deprtment . Develop a dialogue
Scenario: You are meeting the Head of the Department (HOD) on your first day at work.
Dialogue:
You: "Good morning, sir/madam. May I come in?"
HOD: "Yes, please come in."
You: "Thank you, sir/madam. My name is [Your Name], and I have recently joined as a [Your Job Position]
in the [Department Name]. It’s a pleasure to meet you."
HOD: "Welcome to the team, [Your Name]. Tell me a little about yourself."
You: "Sure! I have completed my Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA) and have a strong interest in
[mention key skills, e.g., software development, database management, or web technologies]. I am
excited to be a part of this organization and eager to contribute my skills while learning from
experienced professionals like yourself."
HOD: "That’s great! What are your key strengths or areas of expertise?"
You: "I am proficient in [mention programming languages/tools] and have worked on projects related to
[mention relevant experience]. Additionally, I am a quick learner, team player, and problem-solver who
enjoys tackling challenges."
HOD: "Good to hear. I hope you have a great experience working here."
You: "Thank you, sir/madam! I look forward to working with the team and learning as much as possible.
Please let me know if there's anything specific I should focus on initially."
HOD: "Absolutely! My door is always open if you need any guidance. Welcome aboard!"
You: "I really appreciate that. Have a great day!"

3. Rohit Kumar from Alpha Electronics, Kanpur, goes to the

Delhi office of his company’s chartered accountant, with whom
he has an appointment. He introduces himself to the person’s
secretary, explaining who he is where he is from and why he is
there.
Dialogue:
Rohit Kumar: [Approaches the secretary] "Good morning, ma'am/sir."
Secretary: "Good morning! How may I help you?"
Rohit Kumar: "My name is Rohit Kumar, and I am from Alpha Electronics, Kanpur. I have an appointment
with Mr. [Chartered Accountant’s Name] at [mention time]."
Secretary: "Alright, Mr. Kumar. Let me check the schedule. Could you please confirm if it was booked
under your name or your company's name?"
Rohit Kumar: "It should be under Alpha Electronics. I am here to discuss some financial matters related
to our accounts."
Secretary: "I see. Mr. [Chartered Accountant’s Name] is expecting you. Please have a seat, and I’ll inform
him that you’ve arrived."
Rohit Kumar: "Thank you so much. I appreciate it."
Secretary: "You're welcome, sir. Would you like some water or tea while you wait?"
Rohit Kumar: "A glass of water would be great. Thanks again!"

4. Annie is at a birthday party of friend, Smita. She has not met

Smita’s father, so how would smita introduce her friend to her
father.
Dialogue:
Smita: [Approaching her father] "Dad, I’d like to introduce you to my friend."
Smita’s Father: "Oh, sure! Who is this?"
Smita: "Dad, this is Annie, my close friend from [school/college/work]. She’s been a great friend to me,
and we study together."
Annie: [Smiling] "Good evening, sir. It’s a pleasure to meet you."
Smita’s Father: "Good evening, Annie! It’s nice to meet you too. I hope you’re enjoying the party."
Annie: "Yes, sir! The arrangements are wonderful, and the food is delicious."
Smita’s Father: "I’m glad to hear that! Make yourself comfortable and have fun."
Annie: "Thank you, sir!"

5. You are at a work event, and you need to introduce a new

colleague Amit from another department to your manager.
How would you introduce your colleague to your manager.
Dialogue:
You: [Approaching your manager] "Good evening, sir/madam. I’d like to introduce you to my colleague."
Manager: "Oh, sure! Who is this?"
You: "This is Amit, our new team member from the [mention department, e.g., IT, Marketing, Finance]
department. He recently joined and has been doing great work."
Amit: [Smiling] "Good evening, sir/madam. It’s a pleasure to meet you."
Manager: "Good evening, Amit! Welcome to the team. How has your experience been so far?"
Amit: "It’s been great! Everyone has been very supportive, and I’m excited to contribute to the
company."
Manager: "That’s wonderful to hear. I look forward to working with you."
Amit: "Thank you, sir/madam! I appreciate it."

6. You made plans with a friend, but at the last minute, you
had to cancel due to a personal emergency. How would you
apologize to a friend and explain the situation? Develop a
dialogue.
Dialogue:
You: [Calling/Texting Friend] "Hey [Friend’s Name], I’m really sorry, but I have to cancel our plans today."
Friend: "Oh no! What happened?"
You: "Something unexpected came up—a personal emergency. I really wanted to meet, but I have to take
care of this first."
Friend: "Oh, I understand. Is everything okay?"
You: "Yeah, it’s a bit urgent, but I’ll be fine. I feel bad for canceling at the last minute, though."
Friend: "Don't worry about it! Things happen. We can always reschedule."
You: "Thanks for understanding! Let’s definitely plan for another day soon. I’ll make it up to you!"
Friend: "No problem at all. Just take care, and let me know if you need anything."
You: "I really appreciate that. I’ll keep you posted. Thanks again!"

7. You accidentally sent an email with incorrect information to

a team member, causing some confusion. How would you
apologize and correct the mistake in a way that rebuilds trust?
Subject: Apology and Correction – [Mention the Topic]
Dear [Team Member’s Name],
I sincerely apologize for the incorrect information I sent in my previous email regarding [mention the
topic]. I realize this may have caused some confusion, and I truly appreciate your patience.
The correct information is: [Provide the accurate details clearly]. Please disregard the previous email and
refer to this update instead.
I regret any inconvenience this may have caused and appreciate your understanding. If you have any
questions or need further clarification, please let me know. I’ll ensure better accuracy in the future.
Thanks for your time and cooperation.
Best regards,
[Your Name]
[Your Position]
[Your Company/Team Name]
8.John apologises to his teacher for missing a class test.
Develop a dialogue
Dialogue:
John: [Knocking on the door] "Good morning, sir/madam. May I speak with you for a moment?"
Teacher: "Good morning, John. Yes, what is it?"
John: "Sir/Ma’am, I wanted to sincerely apologize for missing the class test yesterday."
Teacher: "John, that was an important test. What happened?"
John: "I understand, sir/madam. Unfortunately, I had a personal emergency and couldn’t make it to
class. I should have informed you earlier, and I feel really bad about it."
Teacher: "I appreciate your honesty, John. However, missing a test without prior notice is not
acceptable."
John: "I completely agree, and I take full responsibility for it. If there’s any way I can make up for it, I’d
really appreciate the opportunity."
Teacher: "Well, I will consider arranging a retest, but this should not happen again."
John: "Thank you so much, sir/madam! I truly appreciate your understanding. I’ll make sure to
communicate better in the future."
Teacher: "Good. Be more responsible next time."
John: "I will, sir/madam. Thanks again!"

9. Write Some general speaking strategies that can enhance

your spoken as well as written communication.

1. Clarity and Conciseness

• Use simple and direct language to express your thoughts.
• Avoid unnecessary jargon or complex words.
• Keep your sentences short and to the point.
2. Think Before You Speak or Write
• Organize your thoughts before communicating.
• In speaking, pause to gather your ideas instead of rushing.
• In writing, outline your main points before drafting.
3. Improve Vocabulary and Grammar
• Read books, articles, and newspapers to expand your vocabulary.
• Learn common grammar rules to avoid mistakes.
• Use online tools like Grammarly or a dictionary for corrections.
4. Active Listening and Reading
• Pay attention to the speaker or text to understand the context fully.
• Avoid interrupting and ask relevant questions if needed.
• Take notes when listening to important information.
5. Practice Speaking Regularly
• Engage in conversations with others to build confidence.
• Join public speaking groups like Toastmasters.
• Record yourself speaking and analyze areas for improvement.
6. Maintain Proper Tone and Body Language (For Spoken Communication)
• Speak with confidence and clarity.
• Maintain eye contact and positive body language.
• Adjust your tone based on the context (formal/informal).
7. Use Transitional Phrases (For Writing & Speaking)
• Words like "Furthermore," "However," "In addition," "On the other hand" help improve flow.
• Transitions make communication more structured and easier to follow.
8. Seek Feedback and Make Improvements
• Ask teachers, friends, or colleagues for feedback on your communication.
• Actively work on weak areas and track your progress.
9. Be a Good Storyteller
• Use examples, anecdotes, or real-life experiences to make your points engaging.
• A good story keeps the listener or reader interested.
10. Practice Writing Regularly (For Written Communication)
• Maintain a journal, blog, or write essays to enhance writing skills.
• Proofread and edit your work before submitting or sending.

10. What is a group Discssion and write some skills that are
examined in the group discusstion by examiner.
-A Group Discussion (GD) is a structured conversation where a group of participants discuss a specific
topic within a given time. It is commonly used in job interviews, competitive exams, and academic
settings to assess candidates' communication skills, leadership abilities, and teamwork.
During a GD, participants are expected to present their viewpoints, engage in healthy discussions, and
reach a logical conclusion while respecting others' opinions.
Examiners evaluate participants based on the following key skills:
1. Communication Skills
• Ability to express ideas clearly and confidently.
• Use of appropriate language and tone.
• Fluency and coherence in speech.
2. Knowledge and Awareness
• Understanding of the topic being discussed.
• Ability to provide relevant facts, examples, or statistics.
• Awareness of current affairs and general knowledge.
3. Leadership Qualities
• Taking initiative in starting or guiding the discussion.
• Encouraging others to participate.
• Handling conflicts and keeping the discussion on track.
4. Critical Thinking and Analytical Skills
• Presenting logical and well-structured arguments.
• Evaluating different perspectives before forming an opinion.
• Providing innovative and creative solutions.
5. Teamwork and Collaboration
• Listening actively to others' points of view.
• Respecting and acknowledging different opinions.
 • Building on others’ ideas to drive the discussion forward.
6. Confidence and Body Language
• Maintaining eye contact and a positive posture.
• Speaking with confidence and enthusiasm.
• Avoiding nervous gestures or dominating behavior.
7. Time Management
• Using time effectively to present key points.
• Avoiding repetition or unnecessary details.
• Allowing others to speak without interruptions.

11. Write some tips to prepare for Group Discussion

1. Build Your Knowledge Base
✔ Stay updated with current affairs, social issues, and trending topics.
✔ Read newspapers, magazines, and online articles regularly.
✔ Research common GD topics related to business, politics, technology, and social issues.
2. Improve Communication Skills
✔ Practice speaking in clear and concise language.
✔ Work on your vocabulary and pronunciation.
✔ Avoid using filler words like "um," "you know," and "like".
3. Develop Strong Analytical Thinking
✔ Learn to analyze a topic from multiple perspectives.
✔ Use facts, examples, and logical reasoning to support your points.
✔ Identify both pros and cons of an argument.
4. Work on Body Language and Confidence
✔ Maintain eye contact while speaking.
✔ Sit with a straight posture and avoid fidgeting.
✔ Use hand gestures naturally to emphasize key points.
5. Practice Active Listening
✔ Pay attention to others’ viewpoints without interrupting.
✔ Acknowledge good points made by others and build upon them.
✔ Take notes (mentally or physically) to respond effectively.
6. Take Initiative, But Don’t Dominate
✔ Try to start the discussion if you have a strong understanding of the topic.
✔ If someone else starts, wait for the right moment to add your points.
✔ Encourage quieter participants to share their views.
7. Structure Your Points Clearly
✔ Use the PREP framework:
• Point – State your main idea.
• Reason – Explain why it matters.
• Example – Support with an example.
• Point – Conclude briefly.
✔ Keep your points short and impactful.
8. Stay Calm and Composed
✔ Don’t get nervous, even if you don’t know much about the topic.
✔ Take a deep breath and listen before responding.
✔ Avoid getting into heated arguments—stay respectful and professional.
9. Practice Mock Group Discussions
✔ Join discussion groups with friends or classmates.
✔ Record yourself speaking and analyze your performance.
✔ Participate in debates and public speaking activities to gain confidence.
10. Manage Your Time Effectively
✔ Speak at the right time—don’t rush or wait too long.
✔ Allow others to contribute and don’t interrupt.
✔ Ensure a balanced discussion rather than a one-sided debate.

12. Write how would you prepare yourself for an interview.

1. Research the Company
✔ Learn about the company’s history, mission, and values.
✔ Understand its products, services, and recent news.
✔ Know its competitors and industry trends.
2. Understand the Job Role
✔ Read the job description carefully.
✔ Identify the required skills and qualifications.
✔ Think of examples from your experience that match the role.
3. Practice Common Interview Questions
✔ Prepare answers for:
• "Tell me about yourself."
• "Why do you want to work here?"
• "What are your strengths and weaknesses?"
• "Where do you see yourself in five years?"
✔ Use the STAR method (Situation, Task, Action, Result) to answer behavioral questions.
4. Prepare Your Own Questions
✔ Ask meaningful questions about the role, company culture, or team.
✔ Example: "What are the biggest challenges in this role?"
✔ Avoid asking about salary in the first interview.
5. Dress Professionally
✔ Choose formal or business casual attire based on the company culture.
✔ Keep your look neat, clean, and well-groomed.
6. Work on Your Body Language
✔ Maintain eye contact and good posture.
✔ Offer a firm handshake (if applicable).
✔ Avoid fidgeting or crossing your arms.
7. Prepare Your Resume and Documents
✔ Print multiple copies of your resume and cover letter.
✔ Carry certificates, ID proofs, and any required documents.
8. Improve Communication Skills
✔ Practice speaking clearly and confidently.
✔ Avoid using too many fillers like "um" or "you know".
✔ Listen carefully and answer to the point.
9. Plan Your Journey in Advance
✔ If the interview is in person, check the location and travel time.
✔ If it's virtual, test your internet, camera, and microphone before the interview.
10. Stay Positive and Confident
✔ Keep a calm and composed mindset.
✔ Take a deep breath before answering difficult questions.
✔ If you don’t know an answer, be honest and show willingness to learn.

13.As an interviewer how would you prepare yourself to

conduct an interview.
1. Understand the Job Role
✔ Review the job description, required skills, and qualifications.
✔ Identify the key competencies needed for success in the role.
✔ Prepare a clear job overview to explain to candidates.
2. Review the Candidate’s Resume
✔ Go through the candidate’s resume, cover letter, and work experience.
✔ Note any gaps, achievements, or interesting points to discuss.
✔ Prepare follow-up questions related to their skills and experience.
3. Plan Your Questions
✔ Create a structured list of questions based on:
• Work experience and background
• Technical and job-specific skills
• Problem-solving and critical thinking
• Behavioral aspects (teamwork, leadership, adaptability)
✔ Use the STAR method (Situation, Task, Action, Result) to assess behavioral responses.
✔ Avoid biased, illegal, or overly personal questions.
4. Set the Right Environment
✔ Choose a quiet and professional space for the interview.
✔ Ensure a comfortable and welcoming atmosphere for the candidate.
✔ If it’s a virtual interview, test the internet, camera, and microphone beforehand.
5. Follow a Structured Interview Format
✔ Introduction: Greet the candidate and introduce yourself.
✔ Company Overview: Give a brief about the company and role.
✔ Candidate Questions: Ask planned and follow-up questions.
✔ Candidate’s Turn: Allow the candidate to ask their questions.
✔ Closing: Thank them and explain the next steps in the process.
6. Observe Communication & Body Language
✔ Pay attention to confidence, clarity, and professionalism.
✔ Look for positive attitude and problem-solving abilities.
✔ Be aware of non-verbal cues such as eye contact and posture.
7. Take Notes and Score Responses
✔ Keep track of important answers and impressions.
✔ Use a scoring system to evaluate candidates objectively.
✔ Compare candidates fairly based on skills and qualifications.
8. Manage Time Efficiently
✔ Stick to the scheduled duration for the interview.
✔ Allow time for the candidate to answer in detail without rushing.
✔ Ensure all important questions are covered within the time.
9. Be Professional and Respectful
✔ Make the candidate feel comfortable and respected.
✔ Be attentive and listen actively to their responses.
✔ Provide clear and constructive feedback if necessary.
10. Conclude with Next Steps
✔ Inform the candidate about the next steps in the hiring process.
✔ Let them know when they can expect feedback or further interviews.
✔ Thank them for their time and interest in the company.

14. write some effective interviewing techniques for an

Employer to conduct an interview.
1. Prepare Thoroughly Before the Interview
✔ Review the job description and candidate’s resume.
✔ Identify key skills, qualifications, and experience required.
✔ Prepare a list of relevant interview questions.
2. Use a Structured Interview Format
✔ Follow a consistent structure for all candidates:
• Introduction: Welcome the candidate and set a positive tone.
• Company & Role Overview: Briefly explain the job and organization.
• Questioning: Ask a mix of behavioral, technical, and situational questions.
• Candidate's Turn: Allow them to ask questions.
• Closing: Explain the next steps and thank them.
3. Ask Open-Ended Questions
✔ Encourage detailed responses by asking:
• "Can you describe a time when...?"
• "How did you handle a challenging situation at work?"
 • "What strategies do you use to manage deadlines?"
✔ Avoid yes/no questions unless necessary.
4. Use the STAR Method for Behavioral Questions
✔ Ask candidates to structure answers using:
• Situation – Explain the context of the situation.
• Task – Describe the task or problem.
• Action – Detail the actions taken.
• Result – Share the outcome and impact.
5. Observe Communication and Soft Skills
✔ Assess clarity, confidence, and professionalism in responses.
✔ Pay attention to body language, eye contact, and tone.
✔ Look for problem-solving ability and adaptability.
6. Take Notes and Use a Scoring System
✔ Rate candidates on key criteria (skills, experience, communication, etc.).
✔ Keep detailed notes for later comparison.
✔ Maintain fairness by using the same evaluation method for all candidates.
7. Be a Good Listener and Avoid Bias
✔ Listen actively without interrupting.
✔ Avoid making judgments based on personal preferences.
✔ Focus on qualifications and cultural fit.
8. Create a Comfortable Environment
✔ Start with a warm introduction to make the candidate feel at ease.
✔ Maintain a professional yet friendly tone.
✔ Encourage candidates to showcase their best skills.
9. Assess Cultural Fit
✔ Ask about work ethics, teamwork, and adaptability.
✔ Explain the company’s values and expectations.
✔ See if the candidate aligns with the organization’s work culture.
10. Clearly Explain the Next Steps
✔ Inform candidates about the hiring timeline.
✔ Let them know when they can expect a response.
✔ Thank them for their time and interest in the company.

15. Write a short notes on Presentation skills. Explain the types

of presentation.
Presentation skills refer to the ability to effectively communicate information to an audience. Strong
presentation skills involve clear speech, confident body language, engaging content, and proper use of
visuals to deliver a message effectively.
Types of Presentations
1. Informative Presentation
• Purpose: To educate or provide factual information.
• Example: A seminar on new technology trends.
2. Persuasive Presentation
• Purpose: To convince or influence the audience.
• Example: A business pitch to potential investors.
3. Instructional Presentation
• Purpose: To teach a process or provide step-by-step guidance.
• Example: A workshop on how to use new software.
4. Motivational Presentation
• Purpose: To inspire and encourage people.
• Example: A TED Talk on personal development.
5. Business/Corporate Presentation
• Purpose: To discuss company strategies, reports, or proposals.
• Example: A sales report presentation in a board meeting.

16. Write a short note on Visual Aids.

Visual aids are tools used during presentations, lectures, or speeches to enhance understanding,
engagement, and retention of information. They help convey complex ideas more effectively by making
content visually appealing and easier to comprehend.

Q.3Answer the following questions on (any five out

of 7 ) Marks-10

Q1. Identify whether the following sentences are simple, compound, or complex
sentences.
1. She is innocent, so she has appealed to the court.
Ans: Compound Sentence.

2. In the evening, I am going to the park.

Ans:- Simple Sentence.

3. I remember the day that we met very well

Ans: Complex Sentence.

4. Nidhi decided to go home because she is not feeling well.

Ans:- Complex Sentence.

5. "She loves to read books and she enjoys writing stories."

Ans:- Compound Sentence

6. "Although it was raining, we decided to go for a walk.

" Ans:- Complex Sentence
7. "If you study hard, you will pass the exam."
Ans:- Complex Sentence
8. "He ran to catch the bus, but he missed it."
Ans:- Compound Sentence

9. "She went to the store to buy groceries."

Ans:- Simple Sentence.

Q2. Identify the main and Subordinate clause in following sentences.

1. Sentence: "I will go to the party if I finish my homework."
Main Clause: "I will go to the party."
Subordinate Clause: "If I finish my homework."

2. Sentence: "Because she was tired, she went to bed early."

Main Clause: "She went to bed early."
Subordinate Clause: "Because she was tired."

3. Sentence: "If you study hard, you will pass the exam."
Main Clause: "You will pass the exam."
Subordinate Clause: "If you study hard."

4. Sentence: "She didn't come to the meeting because she was sick."
Main Clause: "She didn't come to the meeting."
Subordinate Clause: "Because she was sick."

5. Sentence: "Although I love reading, I didn’t have time to finish the book."
Main Clause: "I didn’t have time to finish the book."
Subordinate Clause: "Although I love reading."

6. Sentence: "When the bell rings, the class will end."

Main Clause: "The class will end."
Subordinate Clause: "When the bell rings." .

Sentence: "If we leave now, we can catch the bus."

Main Clause: "We can catch the bus."
Subordinate Clause: "If we leave now."

8. Sentence: "He didn't go to work because his car broke down."

Main Clause: "He didn't go to work."
Subordinate Clause: "Because his car broke down."

9. Sentence: "Since the weather was bad, the event was postponed."
Main Clause: "The event was postponed."
Subordinate Clause: "Since the weather was bad."

Q3 Convert the Declarative sentences into interrogative sentences.

1. She likes to play tennis.
Interrogative Sentence: Does she like to play tennis?

2.They are going to the party tomorrow.

Interrogative Sentence: Are they going to the party tomorrow?

3.He finished his homework.

Interrogative Sentence: Did he finish his homework?

4.The book is on the table.

Interrogative Sentence: Is the book on the table?

5.You were studying last night.

Interrogative Sentence: Were you studying last night?

6.They have visited that museum before.

Interrogative Sentence: Have they visited that museum before?

Q4. Choose the correct verb in the following sentences.

1).My scissors (has/have) been stolen.
2).Everyone (has/have) finished their work.
3. My parents (lives/live) in New Zealand.
4. The little girl (don’t / dosen’t) like mangoes for some reason.
5. The people (has/have) lived without electricity for many years.
6. Boney and Heera (are/is) moving to Bangalore.

Q5. Fill in the blanks with correct form of the verb.

1. The Furniture of the house______ quite impressive. (is/are)
2. Few students ____ coming to the party. (is/are)
3. Most of my friends____ government employees. (is/are)
4. The Government ______ criticized by the Supreme court for their actions. (was/were)
5. Either Ross or Joey _____ broken the glass. (has/have)
6. Somebody _____ waiting at the door for you. (is/are)
Q6. Identify the tense of following sentences.
1. She has been studying for three hours.
O Answer: Present perfect continuous.

2. They were playing soccer when it started raining.

o Answer: Past continuous.

3. I will have finished my homework by tomorrow.

o Answer: Future perfect.

4. He reads the newspaper every morning.

o Answer: Present simple.
5. I had already eaten when they arrived.
o Answer: Past perfect.

6. We are going to the concert next Saturday.

o Answer: Present continuous (for future arrangements).

7. By this time next year, I will be living in London.

o Answer: Future continuous.

8. She had been waiting for over an hour when the bus finally came.
o Answer: Past perfect continuous.

9. They will visit us next summer.

o Answer: Future simple.

10. I am writing an email right now.

Answer: Present continuous

Q7. Change the tense as per given direction.

1.She goes to the market every Saturday. (past tense)
Answer: "She went to the market every Saturday."

2.They are eating dinner right now. (future tense)

Answer: "They will eat dinner later."

3. He reads a book. (present continuous tense)

Answer: "He is reading a book."

.I finish my homework before dinner.(past perfect tense)

Answer: "I had finished my homework before dinner."

5. She writes a letter every week. (the future perfect tense)

Answer: "She will have written a letter by next week."

6. They play soccer every weekend. (present perfect tense)

Answer: "They have played soccer every weekend."

7. He runs every morning. (past continuous tense )

Answer: "He was running every morning."

8.I sleep at 10 PM. (future continuous tense)

Answer: "I will be sleeping at 10 PM."

9. She has been working on the project. (past simple tense)

Answer: "She worked on the project."

10. They are watching a movie. (present simple tense)

Answer: "They watch a movie."

Q8. Write Synonyms for following words.

Abandon – Desert, Forsake, Relinquish, Surrender
Accord – Agreement, Harmony, Concurrence, Pact
Adversity – Hardship, Misfortune, Difficulty, Struggle
Affluent – Wealthy, Prosperous, Rich, Well-off
Arrogant – Proud, Haughty, Conceited, Overconfident
Capable – Competent, Skilled, Efficient, Proficient
Captivity – Confinement, Imprisonment, Detention, Restraint
Betray – Deceive, Backstab, Double-cross, Mislead
Brief – Short, Concise, Succinct, Compact
Venom – Poison, Toxin, Malice, Bitterness

Q9. Write antonyms for following words.

Attack – Defend, Protect, Guard, Retreat
Combine – Separate, Divide, Split, Detach
Ascend – Descend, Fall, Drop, Lower
Economies – Expenses, Wastefulness, Extravagance, Overspending
Employer – Employee, Worker, Staff, Subordinate
Frequent – Rare, Occasional, Uncommon, Infrequent
Generous – Stingy, Selfish, Greedy, Miserly
Guilty – Innocent, Blameless, Faultless, Justified9. Inferior

Q10. Fill in the blanks with correct word given in the bracket.
1. He lives on the fifth _____ . (Story/ Storey)
2. The super market has the jumbo______. (Sail./ Sale)
3.He is a man of ______. (Principal/Principle)
4. Seema will be returning from Mumbai after a ______. (Week/Weak)
5. In the TV serial Sanjeev Kapoor demonstrated the method of cooking
cereal.(Cereal/Serial)
6. The NMC workers lifted the vehicles from _____ parking. (illicit/elicit)
7. The rat fell into _____. (hole/whole )
8. All were present _____ him. (except/accept)
9. ______ (their/there) goes my chance of winning the lottery!
10.He solved ____(two/too) many trigonometry problems.

Q11. Write one word for given sentence or description.

1.An instrument for recording earthquakes.- Seismograph
2. One who possesses several talents. - Versatile
3. One whose business is to find out criminals.- Detective
4. One who studies the formation of the earth.- Geologist.
5. A remarkable talent – Prodigy. 6. A man of odd habits.- Eccentric
6. Borrow ideas or steal others words is called – Plagiarism.
8. Award given after death – Posthumous
9. Work which involves too much official formalities. – Red-Tapism
10. A government ruled by a dictator – Autocracy.

Q12. Write meaning of and form sentences with following idioms.

to cost an arm and a leg – Meaning: To be very expensive.
• Sentence: The new iPhone costs an arm and a leg, but everyone still wants to buy it.
Once in a blue moon – Meaning: Something that happens very rarely.
• Sentence: I eat fast food only once in a blue moon because I prefer home-cooked meals.
A piece of cake – Meaning: Something very easy to do.
• Sentence: The math test was a piece of cake; I finished it in just 10 minutes!
Hit the sack – Meaning: To go to bed or sleep.
• Sentence: I'm so tired after the long day; I’m going to hit the sack now.
Grey area – Meaning: A situation that is unclear or not well defined.
• Sentence: The rules about working from home are still a grey area in our company.
Green with envy – Meaning: To be very jealous.
• Sentence: She was green with envy when she saw her friend's new luxury car.
Get the ball rolling – Meaning: To start something, usually a project or task.
• Sentence: Let's get the ball rolling on the new marketing campaign before the deadline
approaches.
Be on the same wavelength – Meaning: To share similar thoughts or opinions.
• Sentence: My best friend and I are always on the same wavelength when it comes to choosing
movies.
To kill two birds with one stone – Meaning: To achieve two things with one action.
• Sentence: By working out while listening to a podcast, I kill two birds with one stone.
You can’t judge a book by its cover – Meaning: You shouldn’t judge something or someone by their
appearance.
• Sentence: The restaurant looked small from the outside, but the food was amazing—you can’t
judge a book by its cover.

Q13. Derive 2 words from the supplied prefix

anti- (against, opposite)
• Antisocial
• Antibiotic
re- (again, back)
• Rebuild
• Rewind
un- (not, opposite of)
• Unhappy
• Unfair
mal- (bad, wrong)
• Malfunction
 • Malnutrition
mono- (one, single)
• Monologue
• Monochrome

Q14. Derive 2 words from the supplied suffix

-ise (to make, to become)
• Realise
• Advertise
-sion (state, action, or process)
• Decision
• Expansion
-ment (state, condition, or result)
• Achievement
• Development
-fy (to make, to cause)
• Simplify
• Justify
-ship (state, quality, or condition)
• Friendship
• Leadership

Directed by: Sumit

Produced by: Sumit
Written by: Sumit
Edited by: Sumit
Production Company: Sumit.Pvt
Distributed by: Sumit
"Special thanks to our amazing Director,
Producer, and audience for making this
possible!"