ASSIGNMENT

FIITJEE (PROBABILITY)

Name:……….......................................................................

Single Correct option type

1. India plays two matches each with West Indies and Australia. In any match the probabilities of India getting
points 0, 1 and 2 are 0.45, 0.05 and 0.50 respectively. Assuming that the out comes are independent, the
probabilities of India getting at least 7 points is
(A) 0.8750 (B) 0.0875 (C) 0.0625 (D) 0.0250
2. If n positive integers are taken at random and multiplied together, the probability that the last digit of the
product is 2, 4, 6 or 8 is
4n  2n 4n x2n 4n  2n
(A) n
(B) n
(C) (D) none of these
5 5 5n
3. If from each of the three boxes containing 3 white and 1 black, 2 white and 2 black, 1 white and 3 black balls,
one ball is drawn at random, then the probability that 2 white and 1 black ball will be drawn is
(A) 13/32 (B) 1/4 (C) 1/32 (D) 3/16
4. There are four machines and it is known that exactly two of them are faulty. They are tested, one by one, in
a random order till both the faulty machines are identified. Then the probability that only two tests are needed
is
(A) 1/3 (B) 1/6 (C) 1/2 (D) 1/4
5. If four dice are thrown together, then the probability that the sum of the numbers appearing on them is 13, is
5 11 35 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
216 216 324 432
1 1 1
6. The chances of defective screws in three boxes A, B, C are , , respectively. A box is selected at
5 6 7
random and a screw drawn from it at random is found to be defective. Then the probability that it came from
box A is
(A) 16/29 (B) 1/15 (C) 27/59 (D) 42/107
7. For any two independent events E1 and E2, P {E1  (E2)  ( E1 )  ( E2 ) } is]
(A)  1/4 (B) > 1/4 (C)  1/2 (D) none of these
8. A mans is known to speak truth in 75% cases. If he throws an unbiased die and tells his friend that it is a six,
then the probability that it is actually a six, is
(A) 1/6 (B) 1/8 (C) 3/4 (D) 3/8
9. Let X be a set containing n elements. Two subsets A and B of X are chosen at random the probability that
A  B = X is
n n
(A) 2n Cn / 22n (B) 1/ 2n Cn (C) 1.3.5... (2n – 1)/2 n ! (D) (3/4)
10. Three of six vertices of a rectangular hexagon are choosen at random. The possibility that the triangle with
three vertices is equilateral equals:
(A) 1/2 (B) 1/5 (C) 1/10 (D) 1/12

Multiple Correct option type

11. If A and B are two events such that P(A) = 1/2 and P(B) = 2/3, then
(A) P  A  B   2 / 3 (B) P  A  B'   1/ 3 (C) 1/ 6  P  A  B   1/ 2 (D) 1/ 6  P  A ' B   1/ 2
12. Let X be a set containing n elements. If two subsets A and B of X are picked at random, the probability that A
and B have the same number of elements is
2n
C 1 1.3.5......  2n  1 3n
(A) 2nn (B) 2n (C) (D)
2 Cn 2n. n! 4n
13. For any two events A and B in a sample space
P(A)  P(B)  1
(A) P  A / B  
P(B)
 
, P B   0, is always true (B) P  A  B   P  A   P A  B does not hold.

   
(C) P  A  B   1  P A P B , if A and B are independent.

(D) P  A  B   1  P  A  P B  , if A and B are disjoint

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14. A bag contains four tickets marked with numbers 112, 121, 211, 222. One ticket is drawn at random from the
bag. Let Ei (i = 1, 2, 3) denote the event that ‘i’th digit on the ticket is 2. Then
(A) E1 and E2 are independent (B) E2 and E3 are independent
(C) E3 and E1 are independent (D) E1, E2, E3 are independent
15. A and B are two events. The probability that at most one of A, B occurs is
(A) 1  P  A  B  (B) P  A '   P B'   P  A ' B ' 
(C) P  A '   P B '   P  A  B   1 (D) P  A  B'   P  A ' B   P  A ' B' 
16. If m rupee coins and n ten paise coins are placed in a line, then the probability that the extreme coins are ten
paise coins is
n  n  1
(A) (m  n) Cm (B) (C) (m  n) Pm (D) (m  n) Pn
 m  n m  n  1
17. STATEMENT –1: A bag contains 51 coins. It is known that 20 of these have head on both sides whereas the
remaining 31 coins are fair. A coin is picked up at random from the bag and tossed. The probability that the
toss results is a head is 71/102.
Because
n
STATEMENT–2: Let {Ei} i = 1, 2, ... n, be n events such that Ei  Ej =  for i  j &  Ei  5.
i 1
n
Suppose P(Ei) > 0 for 1  i  n, then for any event A =  P(Ei )P(A / Ei )
i 1

(A) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is True; Statement–2 is a correct explanation for Statement–1
(B) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is True; Statement–2 NOT a correct explanation for Statement–1.
(C) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is False (D) Statement –1 is False, statement–2 is True.
18. STATEMENT –1: If A, B, C be three mutually independent events then A and BC are also independent
events.
Because
STATEMENT–2: Two events A and B are independent if and only if P(AB) = P(A) P(B).
(A) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is True; Statement–2 is a correct explanation for Statement–1
(B) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is True; Statement–2 NOT a correct explanation for Statement–1.
(C) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is False (D) Statement –1 is False, statement–2 is True.
19. STATEMENT –1: If A, B, C be three mutually independent events then A and BC are also independent
events.
Because
STATEMENT–2: Two events A and B are independent if and only if P(AB) = P(A) P(B).
(A) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is True; Statement–2 is a correct explanation for Statement–1
(B) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is True; Statement–2 NOT a correct explanation for Statement–1.
(C) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is False (D) Statement –1 is False, statement–2 is True.

Integer option type

20. If three distinct numbers are chosen randomly from the first 100 natural numbers, then the probability that all

three of them are divisible by both 2 and 3 is find 
1155
21. An urn contains five balls. Two balls are drawn and found to be white. The probability that all the balls are
1
white is find k
k
22. A bag contains n+1 coins. It is known that one of these coins shows heads on both sides, whereas the other
coins are fair. One coin is selected at random and tossed. If the probability that toss results in heads is 7/12,
then the value of n is _________
23. If the letters of the word REGULATION be arranged at random,then the reciprocal of the probability that
there will be exactly four letters between R and E is _______
24. Seven digits from the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 are written in a random order. The probability that this
seven digits number is divisible by 9 is 1/n then n = _______

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Comprehension–1

A player throws a fair cubical die and scores the number appearing on the die. If he throws a one, he gets
further throw let Pr denote the probability of getting a total score of exactly r
25. If 2r  6 , Pr equals
1  1 
r 1 r 1 r
 1 5
(A) 1    (B) 1     (C)   (D) None of these
6 5   6   6
26. If r > 6, Pr equals
1  1  1  1   1 
r 1 r 1 r 6 r 1
 1
(A) 1    (B) 1     (C)       (D) None of these
6 5   6   5  6   6  

27. Sum of the series S= 
r 1
Pr is

1 1 2
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)
6 5 3
Comprehension–2
Consider all the 3 digit numbers abc (where a  0 ). If a number is selected at random then
28. The probability that the number is such that a  b  c is
2 7 7 7
(A) (B) (C) (D)
15 75 600 300
29. The probability that the number is such that a  b  c is
2 7 7 7
(A) (B) (C) (D)
15 75 600 300
30. The probability that the number is such that a  b  c  6 is
2 7 7 7
(A) (B) (C) (D)
15 75 600 300
Matrix Match type
31. ‘n’ whole numbers are randomly chosen and multiplied, then probability that
Column – I Column – II

8 n  4n
(A) the last digit is 1, 3, 7 or 9 (P)
10n
5 n  4n
(B) the last digit 2, 4, 6, 8 (Q)
10n
4n
(C) the last digit is 5 (R)
10n
10n  8n  5n  4n
(D) the last digit is zero (S)
10n
32. Letters of the word INDIANOIL are arranged at random. Probability that the word formed
Column – I Column – II

1
(A) Contains the word INDIAN (P) 9
C5
1
(B) Contains the word OIL (Q)
 5
C2  7

C2  9!
1
(C) Begins with I and ends with L (R)
24
1
(D) Has vowels at the odd places (S)
 7
C3  9
C2 
F5 PROBABILITY KEY

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1. C 2. C 3. A 4. B
5. C 6. D 7. A 8. D
9. D 10. C 11. A, B, C, D 12. A, C
13. A, C 14. A, B, C 15. A, B, C 16. B
17. A 18. A 19. A 20. 4
21. 2 22. 5 23. 9 24. 9
25. B 26. C 27. C 28. B
29. A 30. D
31. A  r; B  p; C  q; D  s 32. A–S, B–R, C–Q, D–P

SOLUTIONS
1. India played total four matches. Maximum points in four matches can be 8.
Atleast 7 points mean 7 or 8 points.
3 4
 Required probability = P(7) + P(8) = 4 C1 (0.05) (0.5) + (0.5) = 0.0250 + 0.0625 = 0.0875
2. The last digit of the product will be 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 or 9 if and only if each of the n positive integers ends in
any of these digits. Now the probability of an integer ending in 1, 2, 3, 4,6, 7, 8 or 9 is 8/10. Therefore the
probability that the last digit of the product of n integers in 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 or 9 is (4/5) n. The probability for
an integer to end in 1, 3, 7 or 9 is 4/10 = 2/5.
Therefore the probability for the product of n positive integers end in 1, 3, 7 or 9 is (2/5)n.
n n
4 2 4n  2n
Hence the required probability =       .
5 5 5n
3. The contents of three boxes are
I 3W 1B
II 2W 2B
III 1W 3B
Let Wi  i  1,2,3  be the event of drawing a white ball from ith box and Bi  i  1,2,3  be the event of drawing a
black ball from 0th box. Then,
Required probability.
 P  W1  W2  B3    W1  B2  W3    B1  W2  W3 
 P  W1  W2  B3   P  W1  B2  W3   P B1  W2  W3 
 P  W1  P  W2  P  B3   P  W1  P B 2  P  W3  P  B1  P  W2  P  W3 
3 2 3 3 2 1 1 2 1 26 13
           .
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 64 32
4. The total number of ways in which two machines can be chosen out of four machines is 4 C2  6 If only two
tests are required to identify faulty machines, then in first two tests faulty machines are identified. This can
be done in one way only.
So, favourable number of ways =1
Hence, required probability = 1/6.
5. Total number of elementary events associated to the random experiment of throwing 4 dice is
6  6  6  6  64
Favourable number of elementary events.
   
4 4
 Coeff. of x13 in x  x 2  x 3  ........  x 6  Coeff. of x 9 in 1  x  x 2  ......  x 5
4
 1  x6 
  1  x 
4 4
 Coeff. of x 9 in    Coeff. of x 9 in 1  x 6
 1 x 
 
 Coeff. of x 9 in 1  4x 6  ...... 1  x 
4

 Coeff. of x 9 in 1  x   4 coeff. of x 3 in 1  x 
4 4
9  4 1 C4 1  4 3  4 1 C4 1
Coeff.of x n in 1  x  r n  r 1 Cr 1 
 
12  11 10 65 4
12 C3  4 6 C3  4 = 220-80=140.
3  21 3  2 1

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140 35
Hence, required probability  4

6 324
6. Let E1,E2 and E3 denote the events of selecting box A,B,C respectively and A be the event that a screw
selected at random is defective.
Then P E1   P E2   P E3   1/ 3
1 1 1
P  A / E1  
, P  A / E 2   , P  A / E3   ,
5 6 7
By Baye's rule,
Required probability P E1 / A 
1 1
P E1  P  A / E1  
3 5 42
  
P E1  P  A / E1   P(E2 )P  A / E2   P E3  P  A / E3  1 1 1 1 1 1 107
    
3 5 3 6 3 7
17. Let E1  Event of selecting a coin with both sides & E2 –ve event of selecting P(E1) = 20/51, P(E2) = 31/51
Req. event
40  31
P(E) = 20/51 × 1 × 31/51 × ½ = = 71/102
102
18. P{A(BC)} = P(ABC) = P(A) P(B) P(C)
 P[A(BC)] = P[(AB) (AC)]
= P[(AB) + (AC) – P[(AB)  (AC)] = p(AB) + P(AC) – P(ABC)
= P(A) P(B) + P(A) P(C) – P(A) P(B) P(C) = P(A) [P(B) + P(C) – P(B) P(C)] = P(A).P(BC)
 A & B C are independent events
19. P{A(BC)} = P(ABC) = P(A) P(B) P(C)
 P[A(BC)] = P[(AB) (AC)]
= P[(AB) + (AC) – P[(AB)  (AC)] = p(AB) + P(AC) – P(ABC)
= P(A) P(B) + P(A) P(C) – P(A) P(B) P(C) = P(A) [P(B) + P(C) – P(B) P(C)]
= P(A).P(BC)  A & B C are independent events
20. If a number is to be divisible by both 2 and 3. then it should be divisible by 6.
Total numbers are = 16
16
C 4
Therefore probability  100 3 
C3 1155
21. By baye’s theorem,
1
.1
4 10 1
Required =  
1 1 3 3  20 2
   1
4  10 10 5 
22. Let E1 , denote the event " a coin with two heads is selected and E2 , denote the event " a fair coin is
selected". Let A be the even "the toss results in heads". Then,
1 n
P E1   ,P E2   ,P  A / E1   1
n  1' n  1'
And P  A / E2   1/ 2.
 P  A   P  E1  P  A / E1   P  E2  P  A / E2 
7 1 n 1
   1   P  A   7 /12   12  6n  7n  7  n  5.
12 n  1 n 1 2
 1 1   1 
r 2 r 1
1 1 1  1
25.   .....     1 
6 5 6 
6 6  6  6      
 1  1  1   1 
r 2 r 3 r 6 r 6 r 1
 1  1  1  1  1
26. 6 66  6   .....   6   6   5  6    6   for r>6
                

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1 
 r 6  r 1
 1  1 1
27. S 1         S
5  r  7  6  r 2  6   5
[28-30]
9
C3 7
If a  b  c then required probability  
9  10  10 75
10
C3 2
If a  b  c then required probability  
9  10  10 15
If a  b  c  6 then the possible digit selections are
1,2,3  , 1,1,4  ,  2,2,2 ,  0,1,5  ,  0,2,4  0,3,3  ,  0,0,6 
The required number of ways  6  3  1  4  4  2  1  21
21 7
Required probability  
9  10  10 300
31.
(A) (a – r) The required event will occur if last digit in all the chosen numbers is 1, 3, 7 or 9.
n
 4 
 Req. probability =   .
 10 
(B) required probability = P (that the last digit is (2, 4, 6, 8) = P(That the last digit is 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9) –P (that
8 n  4n
the last digit is 1, 3, 7, 9) = .
10n
5 n  4n
(C) P(1, 3, 5, 7, 9) – P(1, 3, 7, 9) =
10n
(10n  8n )  (5n  4n ) 10n  8n  5n  4n
(D) required prob = P(0, 5) – P(5) = = .
10n 10n
9!
32. Total number of ways of arranging letters of the word INDIANOIL is .
3!2!
(A) Treating INDIAN as a single object we can permute INDIAN, O, I and L in 4! ways.
4!3!2! 1
 probability of the required event =  7
9! C3 9 C 2   
7!
(B) We can permute OIL, I, N, D, I, A, N in ways.
2!2!
732 73
 probability of the required event = 
229 29
(C) Fixing an I at the first place and L at the last place, we can permute the remaining letters viz. A, D, I, I, N, N,
7!
O in ways.
2!2!
1
 probability of the required event is =
24
5!
(D) Vowels can be arranged at odd places viz 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th in ways.
3!
4!
The remaining letters can be arranged at 4 even places in ways.
2!
5!4! 3!2! 1
 probability of the required event =   9
3!2! 9! C5

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