1. (6 points) A mass weighing 100kg stretches a spring 5m.

If there is no damping, which of

the following equations describes the motion of the spring?
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(a) 100y 00 + y=0
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(b) 100y 0 + 5y = 0
(c) 100y 00 + 5y = sin 9t
(d) y 00 = cos y
(e) 5y 00 + 100y = 0
A
2. (5 points) Consider the initial value problem
(t2 − 1)y 0 + (t − 2)y = 4, y(0) = 5.
State the largest interval in which a unique solution is guaranteed to exist.
Do not solve the equation.
(−1, 1)
3. (8 points) For the autonomous equation y 0 = y(y − 2)(y + 4)
(a) Find all equilibrium solutions.
y = −4, y = 0, and y = 2
(b) Determine the behavior of solution y(t), which satisfies the initial value y(1) = 1, when
t → +∞.
lim y(t) = 0
t→∞

4. (10 points) Consider the initial value problem

y + t3 + (t + 5y)y 0 = 0, y(0) = 2.
(a) Verify the equation is exact.
∂M ∂N
=1=
∂y ∂t
(b) Solve the initial value problem. Leave your answer in implicit form.
t4 5y 2
+ ty + = 10
4 2
5. (14 points) Solve each of the following equations. You may leave your answers in implicit
form.
(a)
et + 1
y0 = , y(0) = 3
cos y + y
y2 7
sin y + = et + t + sin 3 +
2 2
 (b)
t2 y 0 + ty = 3, for t > 0, and y(1) = 2
3 ln t + 2
y=
t
6. (6 points) Find the general solution to the following:
y 00 + 2y 0 + 3y = 0
√ √
y(t) = c1 e−t cos 2t + c2 e−t sin 2t
7. (10 points) Consider the equation (t − 1)y 00 − ty 0 + y = 0.
(a) Verify that the functions y1 (t) = t and y2 (t) = et are its solutions.
Substitute y1 and y2 into the equation to see that they would each satisfy it.
(b) When t 6= 1, are y1 (t) and y2 (t) linearly independent? Justify your answer.
Yes. Because W (t) = tet − et 6= 0 when t 6= 1.
(c) Based on your answers in parts (a) and (b), and for t 6= 1, state the general solution
to this equation
y(t) = c1 t + c2 et
8. (7 points) Consider the second order linear differential equation ty 00 − 2y 0 + y = 0. Suppose
y1 (t) and y2 (t) are two fundamental solutions of the equation such that y1 (1) = 2, y10 (1) = 0,
y2 (1) = 2, and y20 (1) = 2. Compute their Wronskian W (y1 (t), y2 (t)) as a function of t.
Recall that for a second order differential equation,
y1 (t) y2 (t)
W (t) = = y1 (t)y20 (t) − y10 (t)y2 (t)
y10 (t) y20 (t)
Since we are dealing with a second order ODE and the Wronskian contains only first deriva-
tives, consider taking the derivative of W (t) with respect to t. Keep in mind that y1 (t) and
y2 (t) satisfy the equation y 00 − 2t y 0 + 1t y = 0, so we have
W 0 (t) = y10 (t)y20 (t) + y1 (t)y200 (t) − y100 (t)y2 (t) − y10 (t)y20 (t)
= y1 (t)y200 (t) − y100 (t)y2 (t)
   
2 0 1 2 0 1
= y1 (t) y (t) − y2 (t) − y (t) − y1 (t) y2 (t)
t 2 t t 1 t
2
= (y1 (t)y20 (t) − y10 (t)y2 (t))
t
2
= W (t)
t
This results in a first order linear homogeneous differential equation, namely W 0 − 2t W = 0.
Using the integrating factor
 0
−2 ln |t| 1 1 1
µ(t) = e = 2 ⇒ 2
W =0 ⇒ W =C
t t t2
so that W (t) = Ct2 . For t = 1, W (1) = 4 so that W (t) = 4t2 .
9. (9 points) A tank initially contains 100 liters of pure water. A mixture containing a concen-
tration of 5 grams/liter of salt enters the tank at a rate of 2 liters/minute and the well-stirred
mixture leaves the tank at the same rate. Let Q(t) be the amount of salt present in the
tank at time t. Formulate and state an initial value problem satisfied by Q(t) modeling this
process. Make sure that you write down both and equation and an initial condition that
Q(t) must satisfy.
You do not need to solve the equation.
1
Q0 + Q = 10, Q(0) = 0
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