Starter: Rewrite this code to use a for loop and the range() function:

print('~' * 0)
print('~' * 1)
print('~' * 2)
print('~' * 3)
print('~' * 4)
print('~' * 5)
print('~' * 6)
print('~' * 7)
print('~' * 8)
Starter solution

for number in range(9):

print('~' * number)

~
~~
~~~
~~~~
~~~~~
~~~~~~
~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~
Python Session 3
Topics in this session:

1. Comparison Operators
2. Logical Operators
3. If Statements
Comparisons and Logical Operators
Bolean: A data-type that is either True or False

Comparison operator: compare values to determine wheter something is True or False

This code checks if the user has input 'Monday' using the == operator

today = input('What day is it? ')

is_monday = today == 'Monday'

print('Today is Monday: {}'.format(is_monday))

What day is it? Monday

Today is Monday: True
Summary of comparison operators in Python

Name Python
Equal to ==
Not equal !=
Greater than >
Less than <
Greater than or equal >=
Less than or equal <=
float() can convert strings to oats

This code checks if the current temperature is freezing:

temperature = input('What is the temperature? ')

is_freezing = float(temperature) <= 0.0

print('The temperature is freezing: {}'.format(is_freezing))

What is the temperature? 18

The temperature is freezing: False
Exercise 3.1: You have a budget of £10 and want to write a program to decide which burger
restaurant to go to.

1. Input the price of a burger using input()

2. Check whether the price is less than or equal (<=) 10.00
3. Print the result in the format below
Burger is within budget: True

Hint: remember to convert the input from a string to a decimal with float()
Solution

price = input('How much is a burger? ')

within_budget = float(price) <= 10.00

print('Burger is within budget: {}'.format(within_budget))

How much is a burger? 8.99

Burger is within budget: True
There are logical operators to combine multiple checks

Python What it does

and both expressions are True
or at least one expression is True
not reverse the expression (True becomes False and vice-versa)
This program will work out if you should visit Mars based on whether you want to visit and if you
can afford it:

mars_choice = input('Would you like to visit Mars? y/n ')

is_willing = mars_choice == 'y'

affordable = input('Can you afford to visit Mars? y/n ')

can_afford = affordable == 'y'

should_visit_mars = is_willing and can_afford

print('You should visit Mars: {}'.format(should_visit_mars))

Would you like to visit Mars? y/n y

Can you afford to visit Mars? y/n n
You should visit Mars: False
Exercise 3.2: Add code to your burger program to input whether the restaurant has a vegetarian

option The output should say whether the cost is within budget AND has a vegetarian option

Restaurant meets criteria: True

Solution:

price = input('How much is a burger? ')

vegetarian = input('Is there a vegetarian option? (y/n) ')

within_budget = float(price) <= 10.00

has_vegetarian = vegetarian == 'y'

is_good_choice = within_budget and has_vegetarian

print('Restaurant meets criteria: {}'.format(is_good_choice))

How much is a burger? 9.99

Is there a vegetarian option? (y/n) y
Restaurant meets criteria: True
If Statements
if statement: used to run a block of code depending on whether a condition is True or False

password = input('password: ')

if password == 'jumanji':
print('Success!')

password: jumanji
Success!
An if statement has the following:

1. The if keyword
2. A condition (comparison)
3. A colon
4. Body (indented four spaces)
 condition

== 12
body
This program checks whether you are an admin and you have entered the right password:

name = input("What is your name? ")

is_admin = name == 'admin'

password = input("What is your password? ")

is_password_correct = password == 'dinosaurs'

if is_admin and is_password_correct:

print('Welcome')

if not is_admin or not is_password_correct:

print('Go away')

What is your name? admin

What is your password? tigers
Go away
Exercise 3.3: Rewrite the output of your burger program to use if statements

If it is a good choice it should be:

This restaurant is a great choice!

If it is not a good choice it should be:

Probably not a good idea

Solution

price = input('How much is a burger? ')

vegetarian = input('Is there a vegetarian option? (y/n) ')

within_budget = float(price) <= 10.00

has_vegetarian = vegetarian == 'y'

is_good_choice = within_budget and has_vegetarian

if is_good_choice:
print('This restaurant is a great choice!')

if not is_good_choice:
print('Probably not a good idea')

How much is a burger? 9.99

Is there a vegetarian option? (y/n) y
This restaurant is a great choice!
Else Statements
else statement: Used with an if statement and will run when the if condition is False

password = input('password: ')

if password == 'jumanji':
print('Success!')
else:
print('Failure!')

password: cluedo
Failure!
Here's the admin program rewritten to use else :

name = input("What is your name? ")

is_admin = name == 'admin'

password = input("What is your password? ")

is_password_correct = password == 'dinosaurs'

if is_admin and is_password_correct:

print('Welcome')

else:
print('Go away')

What is your name? admin

What is your password? tigers
Go away
Exercise 3.4: Now that you've nished your burger, you want to pay for your food. Let's write a
program to calculate your meal and apply a discount if applicable.

If your total meal costs more than £20 and you have a discount, the price will be reduced by 10%.
The program should print "Discount applied" or "No discount" depending on whether the discount
criteria was met.

meal_price = float(input('How much did the meal cost? '))

discount_choice = input('Do you have a discount? y/n ')

discount_applicable = discount_choice == 'y'
Solution

meal_price = float(input('How much did the meal cost? '))

discount_choice = input('Do you have a discount? y/n ')

is_discount = discount_choice == 'y'

is_over_twenty = meal price >= 20.0
discount_applicable = is_discount and is_over_twenty

if discount_applicable:
meal_price = meal_price * 0.9
print('Discount applied')
else:
print('No discount')
print('Total cost: {}'.format(meal_price))

How much did the meal cost? 30

Do you have a discount? y/n y
Discount applied
Total cost: 27.0
Elif Statements
elif statement: used after if statements to check whether another condition is True or False

dog_size = int(input('How big is the dog? '))

if dog_size > 75:

print('That is a big dog')

elif dog_size < 25:

print('That is a small dog')

else:
print('That is an average dog')

How big is the dog? 10

That is a small dog
You can use multiple elif statements together

dog_size = int(input('How big is the dog? '))

if dog_size > 75:

print('That is a big dog')

elif dog_size < 10:

print('That dog could fit in my pocket')

elif dog_size < 25:

print('That is a small dog')

else:
print('That is an average dog')

How big is the dog? 6

That dog could fit in my pocket
Exercise 3.5: You're cooking a pizza and need to check that the oven is at the right temperature.

Write a program to:

Ask the user to input the temperature

Prints "The oven is too hot" if the temperature is over 200
Prints "The oven is too cold" if the temperature is under 150
Prints "The oven is at the perfect temperature" if the temperature is 180
Prints "The temperature is close enough" for any other temperature
Solution

temperature = float(input('What is the temperature of the oven? '))

if temperature > 200:

print('The oven is too hot')
elif temperature < 150:
print('The oven is too cold')
elif temperature == 180:
print('The oven is at the perfect temperature')
else:
print('The temperature is close enough')

What is the temperature of the oven? 170

The temperature is close enough
Random
Python has a built-in library for random data

import random

random_integer = random.randint(1, 100)

print(random_integer)

50
The randint() function generates a random number between two values

This program uses randint() to simulate dice with any number of sides

import random

sides = int(input('How many sides does the die have? '))

random_integer = random.randint(1, sides)

print('You rolled a {}'.format(random_integer))

How many sides does the die have? 6

You rolled a 2
To practice if statements choose one of the following exercises in your student guide:

Exercise 3.6: Flip a coin

Exercise 3.7: Rock, Scissors, Paper
Exercise 3.8: Roulette
Exercise 3.6: This program uses random to simulate a coin ip.

To nish the program you will need to add the following:

If the random coin ip matches the choice input by the user then they win
Ohterwise if the random coin ip does not match the choice input by the user then they lose

import random

def flip_coin():
random_number = random.randint(1, 2)
if random_number == 1:
side = 'heads'
else:
side = 'tails'
return side

choice = input('heads or tails: ')

result = flip_coin()

print('The coin landed on {}'.format(result))

Exercise 3.7: This program simulates rock, paper, scissors. The rst winning condition has been
added.
To nish the program you'll need to add all of the other winning and losing conditions.

import random

def random_choice():
choice_number = random.randint(1, 3)

if choice_number == 1:
choice = 'rock'
elif choice_number == 2:
choice = 'scissors'
else:
choice = 'paper'

return choice

my_choice = input('Choose rock, scissors or paper: ')

opponent_choice = random_choice()

print('Your opponent chose {}'.format(opponent_choice))

if my_choice == 'rock' and opponent_choice == 'scissors':

print('You win!')
Exercise 3.8: Not Quite Roulette

Ask the user to enter the following three things using input() :

The amount they want to bet

A colour (red or black)
A number between 1 and 100

After generating a random number and colour:

If the colour matches, the users keeps the amount that was bet
If the number matches, the users wins double the amount that was bet
If the colour and number matches, the users wins 100 times the amount that was bet
When neither the colour or number matches the user wins 0
Output the amount the user won

The following code will generate a random number and colour:

import random

def colour():
random_number = random.randint(1, 2)

if random_number == 1:
colour = 'red'
else:
colour = 'black'

return colour

random_number = random.randint(1, 100)

random_colour = colour()
Recap
This session:

1. Comparison operators
2. Logical Operators
3. If Statements
Question 1: Equals to (==) is a comparison operator. Name two more comparison operators
Question 2: What is the output of this code?

print(True and True)

print(True and False)
print(True or True)
print(True or False)
Question 3: I expect this code to output "This is too many apples", but instead it outputs "That
is a sensible number of apples". Why does this happen?

apples = 100

if apples >= 10:

print('That is a sensible number of apples')
elif apples > 50:
print('This is too many apples')
elif apples < 10:
print('That is not enough apples')
Homework: Session 3 homework questions in your student guide