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Ee2019 Problemset2

The document outlines a tutorial on RLC circuits and non-inverting amplifiers, focusing on deriving transfer functions and analyzing system behavior in terms of damping factor, quality factor, and natural frequency. It includes tasks such as filling tables with calculated values, simulating circuits in LTspice, and observing the effects of varying parameters on AC and transient responses. The tutorial emphasizes the relationship between AC and transient responses and the impact of feedback factors on system performance.

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Shriram A ep23b019
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2 views3 pages

Ee2019 Problemset2

The document outlines a tutorial on RLC circuits and non-inverting amplifiers, focusing on deriving transfer functions and analyzing system behavior in terms of damping factor, quality factor, and natural frequency. It includes tasks such as filling tables with calculated values, simulating circuits in LTspice, and observing the effects of varying parameters on AC and transient responses. The tutorial emphasizes the relationship between AC and transient responses and the impact of feedback factors on system performance.

Uploaded by

Shriram A ep23b019
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE2019-Analog Systems and Lab: Tutorial-2

Qadeer Khan, Saurabh Saxena

1. In the RLC circuit below,

R L=10µH
Vin Vout
C=10µF

derive the transfer function H(s)=Vout(s)/Vin(s) and prove that the circuit is equivalent to a standard
2nd order system with transfer function:
𝜔𝑛2
𝐻(𝑠) =
𝑠 2 + 2𝜁𝜔𝑛 𝑠 + 𝜔𝑛2
a) Find the expressions for damping factor (ζ), quality factor (Q = 1/2ζ), natural frequency
(wn) and poles p1, p2 (roots of s) and their respective frequencies, w p1 and wp2 in terms of
R, L and C.
b) Considering L=10µH and C=10µF, fill the values in the following table for the
corresponding values of R.
c) Show p1 and p2 calculated in (b) on the s-plane and comment on the movement of poles
w.r.t. damping factor (ζ).
p1 p2 wp1 wp2
R (Ω) ζ Q=1/2ζ
(𝝈 + 𝒋𝝎) (𝝈 + 𝒋𝝎) (rad/s) (rad/s)
0.02
0.1
0.4
1
1.4
2
5
10
20
100
d) Enter the circuit in the LTspice and perform following simulations for all values of R given
in the table:
i. Plot AC magnitude and phase response for Vout(s)/Vin(s). Comment on the
behavior of AC magnitude and phase response w.r.t. damping factor, ζ.
ii. Plot the transient response by applying a unit step (0 to 1V with initial delay of 1ms
and Trise = 1ns) for the time span of 10ms. Comment on the effect of varying ζ on
the transient response.
iii. After observing the behavior of AC and transient behavior w.r.t. ζ in (i) & (ii), it is
now understood that both AC and transient response are interrelated. How can
you intuitively guess the approximate value of ζ by simply looking at either AC
magnitude or transient response?

Page 1 of 3
EE2019-Analog Systems and Lab: Tutorial-2
Qadeer Khan, Saurabh Saxena

2. For the non-inverting amplifier shown in figure below, assuming op-amp is modelled as 2nd
order transfer A(s):

Vin Vout
A(s)

R1

R2

a) Find the loop gain transfer function, LG(s).


b) Find the closed loop transfer function, H(s)=Vout(s)/Vin(s), poles p1_cl, p2_cl (roots of s) and
their respective frequencies, wp1_cl and wp2_cl in terms of β, Ao, wp1 and wp2.
c) Prove that, the circuit behaves similar to the RLC circuit of problem-1 for feedback factor,
β=1 (i.e. R1=0 or R2=∞) and find the expressions for damping factor (ζ), quality factor
(Q=1/2ζ), natural frequency (wn) in terms of loop gain pole frequencies, wp1 and wp2 and
DC gain, Ao.
d) For Ao=104, fill values of loop gain and closed loop parameters in the following table for
the corresponding wp1 and wp2
Loop Gain Closed Loop
wp1 wp2
wugf PM wp1_cl wp2_cl
(rad/s) (rad/s) ζ Q=1/2 ζ
(rad/s) (deg.) (rad/s) (rad/s)
1.00E+03 1.00E+03
1.00E+02 1.00E+04
2.50E+01 4.00E+04
1.00E+01 1.00E+05
7.07E+00 1.41E+05
5.00E+00 2.00E+05
2.00E+00 5.00E+05
1.00E+00 1.00E+06
5.00E-01 2.00E+06
1.00E-01 1.00E+07
e) Verify that increasing the spacing between loop gain poles, wp1 and wp2 has similar effect
on damping factor as increasing R has in the RLC circuit of problem-1.
f) Show the locations of both loop gain poles p 1, p2 and corresponding closed loop poles,
p1_cl, p2_cl on s-plane for different values of ζ calculated in the above table.
g) Plot phase margin (PM) vs. ζ and find the range of ζ for which phase margin can be
approximated as 100 times of ζ with +/-10% inaccuracy.
Page 2 of 3
EE2019-Analog Systems and Lab: Tutorial-2
Qadeer Khan, Saurabh Saxena

h) Enter the circuit in LTspice and perform following simulations for all the values of w p1, wp2
listed in the table:
i. Plot the AC magnitude and phase response of the loop gain transfer function for
all values of wp1, wp2 and corresponding AC magnitude and phase response of the
closed loop transfer function. Comment on effect of increasing and decreasing
phase margin on the closed loop AC magnitude and phase response.
ii. Plot the step response by applying a unit step (0 to 1V with initial delay of 1ms and
Trise = 1ns) for the time span of 10ms. Comment on the effect of varying phase
margin and ζ on the transient response. Find the phase margin and corresponding
value of ζ for the fastest settling (output settles within 95% of the final value).
iii. Change the value of feedback factor, β from 1 to 1/10 (i.e. R1=10R2) and observe
the effect of increasing closed loop gain (k=1/β) on phase margin, damping factor
and unity gain frequency (wugf). Comment on the result.

Page 3 of 3

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