T.

Fatima Al Mansouri

Ms Fatima Al Mansouri - Physics – (2.1: Picturing Motion )-P3– 9A1

 9th grade

2.1: Picturing
Motion
Teacher: Fatima Al Mansouri
 Chapter2:
Representing motion
BIGIDEA: you can use displacement and
velocity to describe an object’s motion.

Section 1: Picturing motion

Outcomes: Key words:

• Understand the kinds of motion.
• Explain the changing in position. motion diagrams
particle model
• Explanation of the movement along a straight line.
• Comparing motion diagram and particle model
• Solve section 1 review page 32 (Q3 – Q4)
Teacher Name: Fatima Al Mansouri
Subject: Physics
 01

The kinds of
motion
 Play … & Learn

2 1

3
What the kind of motion in this picture:
•Linear motion
•Curved motion
•Circular motion
What the kind of motion in this picture:
•Linear motion
•Curved motion
•Circular motion
What the kind of motion in this picture:
•Linear motion
•Curved motion
•Circular motion
 ry again
T
 02

The movement
along a
straight line
Chapter 2: Representing motion

● To describe a motion, you must answer

two questions. Q1; where an object is
located and
● Q2: when it is at that position? in order
to clearly describe its motion.
● Next, you will look at some tools that
help determine when an object is at
place.
● we shall study now straight motion (
ex. train, runner…)
 Motion

● Object changes position

● Motion can occur in many directions and paths

 Picturing Motion

● A description of motion relates to a PLACE and TIME.

● Answers the questions WHERE? and WHEN?

TIME

PLACE
 03

Motion diagram
& particle model
 Motion Diagrams
Series of images showing the positions of
a moving object at equal time intervals.
 Particle Model

Simplified version of a
motion diagram in which
the object in motion is
replaced by a series of
single points.
Size of object much less than
the distance moved
Internal motions of object
ignored
Particle Model
Motion Diagram & Particle Model
ch2_movanim1_linking
 Practice page 36 (Q3 – Q4)

Draw a particle model for the motion diagram

above of a car coming to a stop.
 Describe the motion of the bird…
Draw a particle model….
Use the particle model to draw motion diagrams for two runners in a race. When the first runner
crosses the finish line, the second runner is ¾ of the way to the finish line.

First Runner

Second Runner
Must have same
number of particles
to represent equal
time.
How are the two particle models different?
Describe the motion of each.

A.

B.

A. Eight time intervals & Constant

velocity (equal spacing)
B. Five time Intervals & speeding up
(spacing is getting farther)
Which statement describes best the motion diagram of an object
in motion?
A. a graph of the time data on a horizontal axis and
the position on a vertical axis
B. a series of images showing the positions of a
moving object at equal time intervals
C. a diagram in which the object in motion is
replaced by a series of single points
D. a diagram that tells us the location of the zero
point of the object in motion and the direction in
which the object is moving
What is the purpose of drawing a motion
diagram or a particle model?

A. to calculate the speed of the object in

motion
B. to calculate the distance covered by the
object in a particular time
C. to check whether an object is in motion
D. to calculate the instantaneous velocity of
the object in motion
 Chapter2:
Representing motion
BIGIDEA: you can use displacement and
velocity to describe an object’s motion.

Section 2: Where and when

Outcomes: Key words:

• Understand the concept of the coordinate
coordinate system
system. origin
• Finding locations on the coordinate system. position
• Determine when a position becomes distance
negative or positive.

Teacher Name: Fatima Al Mansouri

Subject: Physics
Coordinate System

● Tells you the location of the zero

point of the variable you are
studying and the direction in
which the values of the variable
increase.
● ORIGIN : The point at which both
variables have the value zero
Coordinate System
● Motion is RELATIVE

○ You can define a coordinate system any way you want, but some are
more useful than others.
slide16_linkingimage
Coordinate System
Axis of the
coordinate system

● This coordinate system works as well but is not as convenient to use

as the first one.
● Try to always pick your origin where motion begins.
 Practice:

Q1: Identify a coordinate system you could use to describe the motion of
a girl swimming across a rectangular pool

coordinate system (x,y); the pool is rectangular

which means we would use the traditional
coordinate system to locate her position.
 Practice:

Q2: Briefly describe how coordinate systems help us when

representing the motion of a moving object. Describe ways in
which we can manipulate a coordinate system.

Coordinate systems help explain exactly the position of an object. We

can use this information to then describe the motion of an object, the
velocity . We can modify coordinate systems to fit specific problems by
tilting the coordinate system, changing the origin, or changing the positive
and negative directions.
Position & Distance
● You can indicate how far an object is from the origin by drawing
an arrow from the origin to the point representing the object.

• The two arrows indicate the runner’s POSITION at two different

times. (vector)
• Separation between an object and the origin
• The length of how far an object is from the origin indicates
DISTANCE. (scalar)
 Coordinate systems
Negative
position

How can you describe this position

 Coordinate
systems
Negative
position

How can you describe this position

1) It is 5 m to the west of the origin.

2) It is 9 m to the left of the tree
Refer to the figure and calculate the
distance between the two signals?

A. 3 m C. 5 m

B. 8 m D. 5 cm
 Chapter2:
Representing motion
BIGIDEA: you can use displacement and
velocity to describe an object’s motion.

Section 2: Where and when

Outcomes: Key words:

• Comparison between vectors and scalars. Vectors
• Knowing how to measure time intervals. Scalars
• Presentation of the concept of displacement Time interval
Displacement
and the Resultant. Resultant
• Solve problems to find the Resultant.
Apply the lesson in solving the homework of Teacher Name: Fatima Al Mansouri
Subject: Physics
lesson 23 in Alef.
 Vectors & Scalars
● SCALARS: quantities that are just numbers
without any direction
○ Magnitude (number) only

○ Examples: time, volume, mass, temperature

● VECTORS: quantities that have both magnitude Tip

(size) and direction
○ Represented by arrows

○ Examples: velocity, acceleration, force,

momentum Tail
 Vector Addition: Tail to Tip
● Just like you can add scalars, you can also add vectors.

○ Algebraically (look at later) & Graphically

● Place vectors tail to tip

○ Place the tail of the 2nd vector next to the tip of the 1st vector
● RESULTANT - the vector that represents the sum of two or more other vectors

○ is drawn from the tail of the first vector to the tip of the last vector.
Example: Add the three vectors

Vector 1

Vector 3
 Resultant
Vector 3
Vector 1

Vector 1
Vector 3

Like scalars, vectors can be added in different

order and still have the same resultant.
 Distance vs. Displacement
•DISPLACEMENT •DISTANCE
•Change in position •Actual length traveled
•Vector measurement •Scalar measurement
•Path independent •Path dependent

∆x = xf – xi
 Practice
Ex: Fatima walks 75 m heading east when she realizes she
dropped her book. She turns around and walks 15 m until he
finds his book.
○ Draw vectors to represent Fatima’s motion.

○ Find the distance that Fatima walked.

○ Find Fatima’s displacement.

 What is displacement?

● A. the vector drawn from the initial position to the

final position of the motion in a coordinate system
● B. the distance between the initial position and the
final position of the motion in a coordinate system
● C. the amount by which the object is displaced from
the initial position
● D. the amount by which the object moved from the
initial position
 Chapter2: Representing motion
BIGIDEA: you can use displacement and velocity to describe an object’s motion.
Section3 : Position-Time Graphs
Outcomes: Keyword:
position- time graph
• Analyze the information provided by the time and
instantaneous position
position graph.

• Use a position and time graph to interpret an object's

position or displacement.

Teacher Name: Fatima Al Mansouri

Subject: Physics
 QUIZ

Vectors
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/633a85597287ca001e854d6a/vec
tors?selfCreated=true
 Finding Positions
Motion Diagram, Contains information about an object’s position
@ Table & graph at various time.

# Plotting
data
Time data is plotted on horizontal axis & the position
data is plotted on vertical axis

*
the line represents the most likely positions of the
Estimating
runner at the times between the recorded data points.
time-postion
You can use the graph to estimate the or his position
 Graphs
● Named as y-axis vs. x-axis
● Also as Dependent vs. Independent

○ Ex. Position vs. time

■ Place position on the y-axis and time on the x-

axis
Always play close attention to the units.

Units are key to analyzing graphs…

11- The car begins at a position of 125.0 m and moves
toward the origin, arriving at the origin 5.0 s after it
begins moving. The car continues beyond the origin.
11- The car begins at a position of 125.0 m and moves
toward the origin, arriving at the origin 5.0 s after it
begins moving. The car continues beyond the origin.
Pedestrian A starts west of High Street and walks east (the positive
direction).
Pedestrian B begins east of High Street and walks east (the positive
direction).
Velocity A = Velocity B (constant Velocity)
 instantaneous position

● The position at a particular

instant.
● Instantaneous position is
usually simply called
position.
 Chapter2: Representing motion
BIGIDEA: you can use displacement and velocity to describe an object’s motion.
Section3 : Position-Time Graphs
Outcomes: Keyword:
position- time graph
• The study of the purposes of the equivalent
instantaneous position
representation of the motion of an object.

• Solve problems for the position and time graph

Teacher Name: Fatima Al Mansouri

Subject: Physics
 Example 2

Position-Time Graphs

● When does runner B pass runner A?

○ 45 seconds into the race

● Where does runner B pass runner A?

○ 190 m
 Practice 1:

From the following position-time graph of two brothers running a 100-m

dash, at what time do both brothers have the same position? At what
position?

At about 6 seconds

At about 60 meters
 Position-Time Graphs
Practice 3:

● What is the displacement of the runner

between 5 s and 10 s?
10 m
 Practice 5:

What is happening in each?

A. C.

B. D.
 Solve alef

● Solve lessons
● 27- 28 – 29 -30
 Chapter2: Representing motion
● BIGIDEA: you can use displacement and velocity to describe an object’s motion.
Section4 : How fast?

Outcomes: Key words:

Understand the concept of velocity. Average velocity
Comparison of velocity and speed. Average speed
Determine the average velocity of an object from a Instantaneous velocity
position-time graph
Knowing the instantaneous velocity

Teacher Name: Fatima Al Mansouri

Subject: Physics
 Position-Time Graphs -
Velocity

Suppose you recorded two joggers in one motion diagram, as

shown in the figure above. From one frame to the next, you can
see that the position of the jogger in red shorts changes more
than that of the one wearing blue.
What would the x-t graph look like if they both started at the same time?
 Position-Time Graphs
● You can create a position-time graph if you know the position
and time of the joggers at different points.

○ Need a minimum of two data points in order to

create a x-t graph.
 Position-Time Graphs
(velocity)
● Can find the velocity of each jogger by calculating
the slope of the line.

○ Red Jogger
■ v = m = (6m – 2 m)/ (3s – 1s)

■ v = 2 m/s

○ Blue Jogger
■ v = m = (3m – 2m) / (3s – 2s)

■ v = 1 m/s
Position-Time Graph - SLOPE

● Analyze the units

● Slope = rise over run
○ m = ∆y / ∆x
○ Slope = m / s
○ m/s is the unit for velocity
● The slope of a position-time graph
is the average velocity
 Position-Time Graph - AREA
● Analyze units only
● Area under the curve
○ Area of a triangle A = ½ b * h
■ ½ is a constant and has no units
■ Base has units of time (s)
■ Height has units of position (m)

○ Area = (m)(s)
● We do not have any measurements that have
the units (s)(m): thus the area of a position-time
graph does not have any meaning.
 Analyzing Graphs
Slope: Area:
Look at the units of the look at the units for the area
slope to see if it under the curve to see if it
corresponds to a corresponds to a
measurement. measurement.
 Position-Time Graphs

SLOPE: Rise/Run
Where?
∆𝑦
m = ∆𝑥 =
∆𝑥
=
𝑚 &
∆𝑡 𝑠
Velocity When?
y-axis
Dependent
Variable

x-axis:
Independent
variable
 Average Velocity

● Defined as the change in position, divided by the

time during which the change occurred.
○ How fast in a given direction?
○ Vector quantity
■ Same direction as the displacement (Δx)

∆𝒙 𝒙𝒇 − 𝒙𝒊
𝒗𝒂𝒗𝒈 = =
∆𝒕 𝒕𝒇 − 𝒕𝒊
 Average Speed
● The absolute value of the slope of
a position-time graph.
● It describes how fast the object is
moving.

𝑑
𝑠=
𝑡
What is happening in this
graph?
Instantaneous Velocity

● Velocity at a given instant

○ Slope of the line drawn on the x-t graph at

the given instant

○ Need calculus to find unless object moving

at a constant velocity
What is happening?

1 - Compare the velocities

for each of the segments.

2- Rate the segments in

increasing speed.
Example 3
The graph in Figure 2-22 describes the motion of a cruise ship during its
voyage through calm waters. The positive d-direction is defined to be south.
 Chapter2: Representing motion
● BIGIDEA: you can use displacement and velocity to describe an object’s motion.
Section4 : How fast?

Outcomes: Key words:

Understand the equation of motion . Equation of Motion
Solve problem by using equation of motion.

Teacher Name: Fatima Al Mansouri

Subject: Physics
 Equation of Motion
What is the equation of linear relationship?
Example 4
Page 51
 Thank you

Ms. Fatima Al Mansouri