SYSTEMATICQUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OFSIMPLE INORGANICSALTS
AIM: To analyse the given salt for detection of one acid radical and one basic radical
1. Preliminary Tests:
a) State: Crystalline/ Amorphous
b) Colour: White /Colourless,Pale pink (Mn)
c) Solubility Test: Water Dil HCI
d) Odour:
Test with dil NaOH
Ammonia smellI i) Ammonium radical
Pinch of salt+ 2 -3 drops of NaOH
on a watch glasS (NHa") may be present
ii) No ammonia smell ii) NH is absent
I| Detection of Acid group Radical:
Test Observation Inference
Detection of I group acid Brisk effervescence liberating
radicals: Group Iacid radical,
Colourless, odourless gas which turns lime (Co) may be present.
1. Salt + dil. HCI water milky.
No effervescence
Group Iacid radical is
Confirmatory test for carbonate absent.
ion (lime water test)
Lime water does not turns milky
Salt + water boilthe gas
liberated CO% is confirmed.
is passed into the test
tube containing lime water.
Detection of ll group acid
radicals: Colourless gas which gives dense white fumes Group il acid radical
with a glass rod dipped in NH,OH
2. Salt + conc. H,SO, (2
solution. is present .May be
drops) chloride.
In adry test tube
Orange red vapours are liberated Group Ilacid radical. May
be bromide
Add Cu turnings to the test tube Reddish brown fumes are evolved
and heat
Group Il acid radical, NO,
(Nitrate)may be present.
Confirmatory test for : CI, Br,NO,
Test Observation Inference
Confirmation test for chloride
Chloride is present and
1) Silver nitrate test : White curdy ppt. easily soluble in excess of confirmed.
Salt soln. + AgNO;soln. NH,OH.
+ AgNo, n
2) Chromyl chloride test :
Salt + K,Cr0, crystals+ conc. H,SO4.
The red vapOurs evolved are
passed into a test tube containin Chloride is present and
NaOH solution+ acetic acid and Yellow ppt. confirmed.
lead acetate solution.
Confirmation test for Bromide
Pale yellow ppt is formed partially soluble in
1) Silver nitrate test :
of NH,0H.
Salt soln. + AgNO, soln.di HN0,
2) Globule Test : An orange
Salt soln. + oreddishbrowglobule in the Bromide is present and
K,MnO4+dilHCI + CCIa. organic layer is formed
confirmed.
Shake well.
Confirmation test for Nitrate
(Brown ring test):
Salt soln + conc. H,SO.(2-3 drops).
Cool the mixture + freshly prepared A brown ring is formed at the Nitrate is present and
ferrous sulphate solution slowly junction of the two layers. Confirmed.
along the wall of test tube.
(without disturbing the solution)
Detection of Ml groupacid radical:4Rt Thick wli t Sulphate ion is present
IWhite ppt. is formed and confirmed.
Test for Sulphate :
Salt soln. + BaCl, solution Insoluble in in dil HCI
Confirmation test for sulphate:
Above ppt + dil Hcl
DETECTION OF Basic Radical( Cations):
Detection of zero group basic radical: Ammonium (NHÊ):
Test
Observation
Inference
Salt + dil. NaOH, Boil
Colourless gas with pungent odour is Zero group basic radical,
liberated, which gives dense white ammonium is present.
fumes with glass roddipped in conc
HCIsolution
No smellof ammonia
Zero group basic radical is
Confirmation test for NH absent.
0.S + Nessler's reagent
Brown ppt is formed
NH, is present and confirmed
Preparation of Original Solution (0.S) :Original solution is
prepared by dissolving more amount of salt
in required ofsotvent.
amountven
Test Observation Inference
1, Detection of l group basic radical Group I basic radical is absent.
No ppt
0.S + dil, HCI
2, Detection of ll group basic radical Group Il basic radical is absent.
No ppt
0.S + dil. HCI+ H,S
3. Detection of ill group basic radical White gelatinous ppt Group II basic radical, A13+
(Aluminium)is present.
0.5 + NH.CI + NH.OH(excess)
No ppt Group Ill basic radical is absent.
White gelatinous ppt. soluble in
Confirmation for Al'+
excess of NaOH solution
a) 0.S + dil. NaOH (1-2 drops)
b) White gelatinous ppt reappears AIF* is present and confirmed.
b)To the above solution + NH Cl solid
4.Detection of V group basic radicals (Zn*, Mn*)
Test
Observation Inference
a) White Ppt present
0.S + NH,CI solid+ NH¡OH in
excess + H;S
b) Flesh coloured or buff
Group IV basic radical, is present.
ppt
Zn, is present
(b) Mnt is present
Group IV basic radical is absent.
No ppt
Confirmatory Test for Zn'?
Test Observation Inference
1)0.S + dil. NaOH soln. (1-2drops) White ppt. soluble in excess of NaOH
solution.
Zn* is present and
confirmed.
Confirmatory Test for Mn':
Test Observation Inference
1)0.S + dil. NaOH soln. (1-2 drops) Mn is present and
Flesh coloured ppt is formed
confirmed.
5.Detection of Vgroup basic radical (Ca*2, Ba*2 Sr2 )
Test Observation Inference
Group V basic radical, is
0.S + NH,CI solid + NHOH in excess White ppt present.
+ (NHa)2CO; (Ba²t, Sr2+,Ca²+)
No ppt Group V basic radical is
absent.
Test Observation Inference
Test for Barium
Ba is present and
1) 0.S + acetic acid+ K,CrO4 solution. Yellow ppt. is formed confirmed
Confirmatory Test for Ba': Ba is present and
2) Flame Test:
A paste of the given salt with afew drops
Apple green flame confirmed.
of conc HCI is made and
exposed to
colorless flame using Pt wire.
Test
Observation Inference
Test for Sr2.
1)OS + (NH) SO4 Solution
A white ppt is formed Sr* is present and
confirmed.
Confirmatory Test for Sr:
2) Flame Test:
Crimson red color is imparted to the Sr is present and confirmed.
A paste of the given salt with afew drops
flame
of conc HCl is made and exposed to
colorless flame using Pt wire
Test Observation Inference
Test for Ca*2: A white ppt is formed Ca* is present and
1)0.S + Ammonium oxalate. confirmed.
Confirmatory Test for Ca*2:
2)Flame Test:
Brick red color is imparted to the Ca* is present and
Apaste of the given salt with afew drops flame confirmed.
of conc HCl is made and exposed to
colorless flame using Pt wire.
6. Detection of VI group basic radical (Mg* ):
Test Observation Inference
0.S + NH CI + NH OH in excesS +
disoiumihydrogen
Na,HPO.(amPAORIBn White crystalline ppt is formed
phosphate)(scratch the sides of the test
White crystalline ppt is insoluble in Group VI radical, Mg2+ is
tube with glass rod)
excess of NaOH
present and confirmed
Confirmatory Test for Mg':
OS +NaOH in exXcess
Report: The given salts contains,
Name Formula
Acid radical
Basic radical
Salt
