Scribd
Upload
40 views19 pages

Lesson 1 Definition and Classification of de

The document provides an overview of differential equations (DE), including their definition, classification by type (ordinary and partial), order, degree, and linearity. It explains the roles of dependent and independent variables and outlines the goals of solving differential equations in various fields. Additionally, it includes examples and notations relevant to ordinary and partial differential equations.

Uploaded by

Johannnieee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
40 views19 pages

Lesson 1 Definition and Classification of de

The document provides an overview of differential equations (DE), including their definition, classification by type (ordinary and partial), order, degree, and linearity. It explains the roles of dependent and independent variables and outlines the goals of solving differential equations in various fields. Additionally, it includes examples and notations relevant to ordinary and partial differential equations.

Uploaded by

Johannnieee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

DEFINITION AND

CLASSIFICATIONS
OF DE
ENGR. ENGELYKA D. BALLARA
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson the students will be able to:

1. Define what is Differential Equation.


2. Identify the classification of differential equation by type,
order, degree and linearity.
What is a DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATION?
Differential equation (DE)
♥ is an equation containing derivatives or differentials
♥ Expresses a relation between an unknown function and its
derivatives
♥ May contain one or more derivatives
♥ One or more independent variables
DEPENDENT VARIABLE – RESPONDING VARIABLE
BEING MEASURED OR
STUDIED IN THE EXPERIMENT
TEST
HEIGHT SCORE

Of different
At different ages student in a
topic/subject
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE- VARIABLES THAT IS BEING
MANIPULATED OR CHANGED AND IS ASSUMED TO HAVE
A DIRECT EFFECT ON THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE.
DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLE….

INDEPENDENT
DEPENDENT
DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLE….

𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝟓𝒅𝟐 𝒗 𝟔𝒅𝟐 𝒗
− 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 = 𝟎 − =𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝒅𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒚𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙 𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒚𝟐
DEPENDENT:
DEPENDENT: DEPENDENT:
INDEPENDENT:
INDEPENDENT: INDEPENDENT:
GOALS OF DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATION
One of the goals of D.E. is to solve
equation such as y”+ 2y’ + y = 0 for an unknown
function y = f(x)
It plays performing roles in engineering, physics,
biology, chemistry, economics, etc.
y = δ(x) -functions
𝑑𝑛 𝑦
= δ𝑛 (𝑥) - Derivatives
𝑑𝑥 𝑛
CLASSIFICATION BY
TYPE OF
DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATIONS
ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS(ODE)
♥ If a differential equation contains only ordinary
derivatives of one or more dependent variables with
respect to a single independent variable it is said to be an
Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) for short

PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS(PDE)


● If differential equations contain partial derivatives(∂) or
one or more dependent variables of two or more
independent variables it is said to be a partial differential
equation or PDE for short.
CLASSIFICATION BY TYPE….

𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝟓𝒅𝟐 𝒗 𝟔𝒅𝟐 𝒗
− 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 = 𝟎 − =𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝒅𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒚𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙 𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒚𝟐

INDEPENDENT V.: INDEPENDENT V: INDEPENDENT V:


TYPE: TYPE: TYPE:

𝟐 𝟐
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚 ∂𝒖 ∂𝒗 ∂ 𝒖 ∂ 𝒖 ∂𝒖
+ 𝟒𝒚 = 𝒆𝒙 + = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 =− = −
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 ∂𝒚 ∂𝒙 ∂𝒙𝟐 ∂𝒕𝟐 ∂𝒕

INDEPENDENT V.: INDEPENDENT V.: INDEPENDENT V.: INDEPENDENT V.:


TYPE: TYPE: TYPE: TYPE:
NOTATIONS OF ODE:
♥ Leibniz Notation:
♥ Prime Notation:
♥ Newton’s Dot Notation: usually used in science and engineering specially when
denoting derivatives with respect to time

NOTATIONS OF PDE:
Partial derivatives are of the denoted using subscript notation indicating the
independent variables.
CLASSIFICATION BY
ORDER AND DEGREE
OF DIFFENTIAL
EQUATIONS
The order of a differential equation (either ODE or PDE) is the
order of the highest derivative in the equation.
The degree of a differential equation is the power of the
highest ordered derivative, after the equation has been
rationalized and cleared of fractional powers.
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝟓𝒅𝟐 𝒗 𝟔𝒅𝟐 𝒗

Order and Degree of


𝟐
− 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 = 𝟎 − =𝟎
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒚𝟐

Order: Order:
Degree Degree
Differential Equations.
∂𝟐 𝒚 ∂𝒚 𝟑
− ( )𝟑 = 𝟎 𝑹𝒚′′ = [𝟏 + (𝒚′ )𝟐 ]𝟐
∂𝒙 𝟐 ∂𝒙

Order: Order:
Degree Degree
CLASSIFICATION BY
LINEARITY
LINEAR
♥ The dependent variable y and all its derivatives y’, y’’,..
yn are of the first degree, that is , the power of each
term involving y the dependent variable is equal to 1.
♥ The coefficients ao, a1, …an of y, y’,.., y(n) depend at
most on the independent variable x.

NONLINEAR
♥ A nonlinear ODE is simply one that is not linear. It
contains nonlinear functions of the dependent
variable or its derivatives, such as:
Identify the type, order,degree and linearity of the ff DE.

Equations Dependent Independent Order Degree Linearity Type(ODE/PDE)

𝒚′′ + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒚 = 𝟎
𝟐 𝟐
∂ 𝒖 𝟐
∂ 𝒖
= 𝒄
∂𝒕𝟐 ∂𝒙𝟐
𝒅𝟒 𝒚
𝟒
+ 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙
𝟏 − 𝒙 𝒚′′ − 𝟒𝒙𝒚′ + 𝟓𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙

𝒅𝟑 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
𝒙 𝟑 − ( )𝟒 + 𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒚′′′ − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒚′ = 𝟐

𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 ÿ + 𝒕ẏ+y=𝑒 𝑡
𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒚′′ + 𝟐𝒍𝒏 𝒙 𝒚′ + 𝒆𝒙 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
YOU DO NOT HAVE
TO BE GREAT TO
START.
BUT YOU HAVE TO
START TO BE
GREAT.

You might also like