MEKIDELLA AMBA UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY

AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
GEOGRAPHY WORK SHEET FOR REMEDIAL STUDENTS 2015/2023 CANDIDATES

GENERAL DIRECTIONS

THIS CATALOGUE OF QUESTION BANK CONTAINS OVERALL

CUMULATIVE GEOGRAPHY WORKSHEET EXAMINATIONS. IN THIS
WORKSHEET EXAMINATION, THERE ARE A TOTAL OF 550
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS. THERE IS ONLY ONE BEST
ANSWER FOR EACH QUESTION. CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER FROM
THE SUGGESTED OPTIONS.
I INVEST MY GLORIOUS TIME TO COLLECT THIS QUESTION
CATALOGUE FROM INTERNET SOURCES, DIFFERENT MY
PREVIOUS QUESTION BANKS, SO I HOPE AND EXPECTED, YOU
SHOULD BE DO THESE QUESTIONS INTERNALLY !

BY: ABERAW K. (MSc)

MEMBER IN DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY

JUNE, 2023

MEKIDELA AMBA,

ETHIOPIA

KNOWLEDGE NOT SHARED IS WASTED

“CLAN JACOBS”
 1. A type of slope which is indicated by widely spaced at the top of a hill and close together at the bottom is:
A. Concave slope B. Even slope C. Convex slope D. Escarpment
2. Which one of the following is NOT among the European contribution on modern map making?
A. The concept of parallels and meridians C. Mathematical method of map making
B. Substituting flat maps for globs D. Pictographic mapping techniques
3. The prominent scholar who supported the school of possiblism is:
A. Charles Darwin B. F. Rutzel C. Demolins D. Febvre
4. One of the following is NOT correct regarding the properties of globe?
A. Scale on surface of a globe is identical on its entire surface C. All parallels are parallel to each other
B. All meridians converge at poles D. Parallels increase in length as they approach the poles
5. The measure of the welfare of human beings in a certain state is:
A. Gross National Product. B. Per capita Income C. Economic growth D. Economic Development
6. One of the following is considered as dis advantages of Ethiopia‘s large size:
A. Much cost for infrastructural facilities C. Wide variety of fauna and flora
B. Diverse agro-ecological zones D. Large amount of arable land
7. Which one of the following is the leading producer of both Gold and Cocoa in Africa?
A. Ghana B. Zambia C. Nigeria D. Zambia
8. Which one of the following is NOT the characteristic of developing countries?
A. Low per capita income C. Subsistence agriculture
B. High level of literacy D. High birth and death rate
9. What is the Eastern extreme point of Africa?
o o
A. Cape Bon (37 21'N) C. Cape Verde (17 33'W)
o o
B. Cape Agulhas (34 52'S) D. Cape Guardafui (51 28'E)
10. The longest river in Ethiopia is called .
A. Nile B. Wabeshebelle C. Awash D. Tekezze
11. Which one of the following relief structure of Africa covers the largest percentage?
A. Mountains B. Plateaus C. Plains D. Valleys
12. Animals that climb up trees and mostly found in the rainforest region of Ethiopia are:
A. Arboreal B. Game animals C. Endemic animals D. Aquatic animals
13. Which one of the following cold ocean current makes the southwestern parts of Africa both cool and Dry?
A. Bengula B. Canary C. Mozambique D. Labrador
14. Which of the following localities of Ethiopia experiences a summer rainfall region?
A. Gode B. Moyalle C. Gondar D. Assaita
15. The Maghreb region in North Africa and the Cape Province of South Africa receives rain fall in winter from:
A. The westerly winds C. South east monsoon winds
B. South polar easterlies winds D. North polar easterlies winds
16. Which one of the following theories of human population has nothing to do with Kar Marx?
A. Surplus population theories
B. Agricultural transformations
C. Population growth must have a natural limit
D. Socialism with new economic structure and new social order
17. Which of the following branches of great East Africa rift valley hosts the continent‘s highest block (horst) mountains?
A. Ethio-Eritrea-Djibouti-Northern Somalia Branch C. Eastern (Gregory)Branch
B. Western Branch D. Malawi Rift Valley
18. One of the following regions of Ethiopia has the lowest percentage from the country‘s urban population?
A. Oromia B. Tigray C. Addis Ababa D. Gambella
19. Which one of the following is the main reason of Ethiopia‘s population pyramid to form a triangle?
A. Low birth rate and fewer dying of young people C. Low birth rate and high death rate
B. High birth rate and high death rate D. Low migration
20.One of the following includes under systematic approach of geography:
A. The geography of disease C. The geography of Middle East
B. The geography of Addis Ababa D. The geography of Africa
 21. From the following which one is the largest hierarchy of settlement based on the services get diversified?
A. Megalopolis B. Conurbation C. Metropolis D. Large City
22.One of the following is a unique feature of rural settlement:
A. Settlers Consists cities and towns C. Settlers are depend on agriculture
B. Settlers are Specialized in business activities D. Characterized with high population density
23.Which region of Africa is the largest in terms of its population size and number of countries?
A. Northern Africa B. Central Africa C. Eastern Africa D. Southern Africa
24 .Which of the following conservation measures of wild animal in Ethiopia have a best role?
A. Establishing national park C. Afforestation
B. Replanting of trees D. Controlling livestock population
25. One of the following is NOT among the top goals of the Ethiopian national strategy called ADLI:
C. Economic growth through rural-center development C. Effective education services
D. Improved living standards for rural and urban dwellers D. Expansion of curative healthcare
26. One of the following is NOT correct about Equatorial climate region.
A. High angle of the sun throughout the year.
B. High mean monthly and mean annual temperatures
C. High daily and low annual range of temperature. D. Low total annual rainfall.
27. Which of the following economic sectors of Ethiopia is lowest share according to their contribution to GDP?
A. Service B. Agriculture C. Industry D. Trade
31. What will be the consequences of the lower growth rate of population on the length of the doubling time of the population?

A. The longer is the doubling time C. The shorter is the doubling time
B. The doubling time of the population is constant D. Population growth could not be determined doubling time
32.Which of the following branches of geography studies the Anthropsphere?
A. Climatology B. Bio-geography C. Cultural geography D. Population geography
33. The main reason for Africa receives high angle of the sun throughout the year is due to:
A. Difference in altitude C. The influence of ocean currents
B. Tropical location D. Distance from the sea
34.The southern extreme of Ethiopia is called .
A. Akobo B. Ogaden C. Moyalle D. Badime
35.Which of the following is associated with Abbay River?
A. Dawa B. Ghibe C. Dabus D. Akobo
36.The most rugged and dissected plateau of Ethiopia is called .
A. North central massif B. Plateau of Shewa C. South western highlands D. Plateau of Tigray
37.Which of the following drainage system of Africa is the largest in terms of catchment area and annual discharge?
C. Atlantic Ocean drainage system C. Mediterranean Sea drainage system
D. Closed drainage system D. Indian Ocean drainage system
38.Which of the following climate zones of Ethiopia experiences a relatively adequate rainfall?
A. Qolla and Berha B. Dega and woina dega C. woinadega and Berha D. Wurch and Qo
39. Which of the following is an incorrect combination?
A. Kerkha Arundinarial
B. Zigba Oliia Africana
C. Kosso Hagenia Abbyssinia
D. Tid Juniperous procera
40.Which one of the following is wrong combination?
A. Zambezi River-Kariba Dam C. Ghibe River-Koka Dam
B. Niger River-Kaindji Dam D. Nile River-Aswan High Dam
41. Which one of the following is the area of similarity between the Malthusian and anti-Malthusian population theories?
A. Solutions to the problems of overpopulation C. Increased demand for food
B. Decrease in population growth D. Improvement in Technology
42.One of the following is wrong about the continent of Africa.
A. The North-South and East-West extents are almost equal.
B. The only continent crossed by the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn.
C. Gets closest to Europe across the Strait of Bab-el Mandab.
D. The continent that have relatively compact shape.
 43. All Which one of the following type of soil is included in Azonal soil group, EXCEPT?
a. Nitosols B. Lixisols C. Arenosols D. Calcisols
44.One of the following is NOT a major factor for high fertility rate in Ethiopia?
A. Early marriage C. High social status of women
B. Low level of family planning D. Perception of high economic value of children
45.The difference between birth rate and death rate is called .
A. Infant Mortality Rate/IMR/ C. Rate of Natural Increase/RNI/
B. Net Migration Rate/NMR/ D. Population Growth Rate/PGR/
46. Which of the following is the possible forest conservation measure by planting trees in urban areas in
association with human settlements?
A. Agro-forestry B. Social forestry C. Human encroachment D. Establishing national parks
47.Which one of the following is different from the others?
A. GTP B. SDPRP C. PASDEP D. IGAD
48. Who define Geography as ―a science that is meant to provide accurate, orderly, and rational description and
interpretation of the variable character of the earth‘s surface?
A. Martin Kenzer B. Richard Hartshorne C. Alexander von Humboldt D. Gregg Wassmansdorf
49.Which one of the following is incorrect about the population of Africa.
A. Second populous continent next to Asia. C. Uneven distribution of population.
B. Fastest Population growth. D. High life expectancy.
50.Which one of the following is correct about Afro-montane vegetation?
A. Located mainly in east Africa High lands. C. Dominant in the Mediterranean coast
B. Grow in desert of south central Africa.
D. Generate large income through export of timber
51.Which one of the following is the human factor that affects the distribution of population?
A. Climate B. Political condition C. Relief D. Soil
52. Which one of the following factors does NOT drives countries to establish economic relationships:
A. Economic factors and comparative advantages C. Physiographic variation
B. Political affiliations due to uncommon interests D. Geographic factors
53.Which one of the following is a positive and none biological component of population change?
A. Immigration B. Birth C. Emigration D. Death
54. Which one of the following is differs from the other?
A. Rural to Urban migration C. Intercontinental migration
B. Rural to Rural migration D. Urban to Rural migration
55.Which one of the following is wrong about tropical rain forest vegetation?
A. Hard wood B. Evergreen C. Broad leaves D. Low species diversity
56.One of the following is NOT the challenges of Ethiopia‘s socio-economic development?
A. Promotion of capacity building regarding to education and skills
B. Land fragmentation
C. Low level of investment D. Environmental degradation
57.Which one of the following is the wettest region in Ethiopia?
A. North western highlands C. North central massif
B. South western highland D. South eastern highlands
58. Which one of the following different from the other?
A. Ghenalle B. Tekezze C. Baro-Akobo D. Abbay
59.Which one of the following is under river basin of Indian Ocean drain age system?
A. Congo B. Niger C. Gambia D. Zambezi
60. A wild animal conservation area where hunting is strictly prohibited is:
A. National park B. Game reserves C. Sanctuaries D. Areal enclosure
61.The climate region that found along the south east coast of Africa is:
A. Tropical maritime (monsoon) C. High land (mountain)
B. Warm temperate continental D. Mediterranean climate
62.Which one of the following vegetation is considered as desert and semi-desert vegetation?
A. Maquis B. Asta C. Acacia D. Mahogany
 63.Which one of the following is NOT among the Ethiopia‘s population policy strategy?
A. Expanding contraceptive distribution
B. Promoting the involvement of males in family planning
C. Reducing the age of marriage for boys and girls
D. Promoting breast-feeding for birth spacing
64. The sun is overhead south of the equator during summer season in
A. March, April and May C. June, July and August
B. September, October and November D. December, January and February

65. Population policy that seeks to higher fertility rate and population growth is:
A. Anti-natalist Policy C. Environmental Policy
B. Pro-natalist Policy D. Demographic policy
66.Which one of the following countries is NOT belong to under Sahel region?
A. Mauritania B. Libya C. Mali D. Sudan
67.Which one of the following regions of Ethiopia is considered as sparsely populated?
A. Afar B. Oromia C. SNNP D. Amhara
68. is any death that occurred during pregnancy, child birth or within two months after abirth or
termination of a pregnancy?
A. Infant mortality Rate C. Child mortality rate
B. Maternal mortality rate D. Crude death rate
69. The PASDEP program was based on the following activities, except.
a. Strengthening the infrastructure back bone
b. Decreasing number of girls to complete their schooling
c. Creating jobs by managing the dynamics of population growth
d. Accelerating growth through commercialization of agriculture
70. The plateau of Arsi is very suitable for farming in Ethiopia due to
their:
A. Comparatively low erosion C. Its nearness to Addis Ababa
B. Flat terrain D. High rainfall
71.Which one of the following is included under south-Eastern high lands of the horn?
e. Plateau of Tigray B. Plateau of Sidama C. Plateau of Shewa D. Plateau of Eritrea
72.Which one of the following is different from others?
A. Latitude B. Cloud covers C. Temperature D. Altitude
73. Soils that are associated with river, sea and lake deposits are called .
A. Fluvisols B. Regosols C. Xerosols D. Nithosols
74. Mountain KOLO is found in: A. Lasta B. Tigray C. Gondar D. Assosa
75. Which one of the following is a human made factor that accelerates soil erosion?
A. Steepness of slope B. Topography C. Heavy rain D. Deforestation
76. The largest and widest part of the Ethiopian rift valley system is called .
A. Lake Region B. Afar triangle C. Chew Bahir rift D. Bale Massif
77.One of the following geological events is an incorrect combination:
A. Mesozoic era formation of marine sediments
B. Triassic period formation of Adigrat sandstone
C. Paleozoic era denudation and peneplanation
D. Tertiary period transgression and regression of the sea
78. A weather system with a major impact over Ethiopia and the horn during June, July and August is:
A. North east trade winds B. Equatorial westerly‘s C. Equatorial easterlies D Polar westerly‘s
Items 79 – 83 are based on the map provided on the next page. These items should be based on the
given map.
79.Which of the following point is not intervisible?
A. D and B B. H and R C. H and F D. E and J
80. In which direction do the main river shown on the map flow?
a. North to South B. East to West C. South to North D. West to East
81.The point shown as ‗E‘ on the map is an example of a .
A. Tributary B. Confluence C. Delta D. Estuary
82. The map distance between ‗H‘ and ‗R‘ is 5cm, what is the crow flight between the two points?
A. 10KM B. 2KM C. 100KM D. 1KM
83. The peak of the mountain shown on the map is indicated by the point:
A. C B. A C. K D. G
 84. Which one of the following is a non-rift valley lake of Ethiopia
A. Ziway B. Hashenge C. Langano D. Chamo
85. Which of the following event is the recent in geological history of Africa?
A. Pluvial rain C. Formation of coal
B. Crystalline basement complex rocks D. Formation of sedimentary rocks
86. All of the following are conservation measures of forest, except:
A. Reforestation B. practicing agroforestry C. Controlling burning practice D. Overgrazing
87. Which of the following crops is associated with higher density of population in the
northern high lands of Ethiopia; A. Enset B. Coffee C. Cereals D. Vegetable

88. A geographical point of view which argues that the physical environment of an area has a Decisive role
for any change (development) is known as:
A. Possibilism B. Determinism C. Behaviouralism D. Quantitave revolution
89. Which one of the following is erroneous about the Malthusian population theories?
A. Malthus believed that the solution to population problems was socialism.
B. Malthusian population theories have pessimistic views on the effects of population growth
C. Malthus believed that population growth would cause food scarcities
D. Malthus considered that people are poor because of their failure to control their sexual urge and limit their family size

90. According to Boserup, when population grows rapidly,

A. Resulting devastating consequences in the socio-economic and environmental developments
B. Human beings would innovate some kinds of technological or scientific mechanisms
C. Leads to scarcity of food and other resources D. All of the above
91. The population pyramid of Ethiopia looks like
A. Triangle with a very broad base tapering to a narrow apex
B. Indicates the preponderance of the old age population
C. The level of mortality is low and that very few people reach old age.
D Rectangular with very wide base and narrow apex
92. The age structure of Ethiopia‘s population indicates
A has a high proportion of old age population C. has a low proportion of young age dependent population
B. has a high proportion of young age dependent population D. has the lowest Population of child population
93. The population pyramid of developed countries reflects
A .Low fertility and low mortality C. Shows high proportion of young people
B. Balanced proportion of people in various ages D. Shows high rate of fertility and mortality
E. A and B
94. Knowing the age and sex structure of a given population helps:
A. To design polices and strategies according to the actual characteristics of the population.
B. To plan for the future to make certain arrangements in the age and sex structure of the population
C. To take appropriate actions and decisions to meet the actual demands of the population.
D. All of the above
95. The largest proportion of population in Ethiopia is found in
A Oromiya region B. Amhara region C Afar region D SNNP regional state
96. The three most sparsely populated regions of Ethiopia are
A Somali, Afar and Gambella C Tigray, Somali and Gambella regions
B. Harari, Afar and Beneshangul Gumuz regions D Sidama, SNNP and Gambella regions
97. Why is Ethiopia‘s population distributed unevenly? Because
A. natural and human related factors C. Resource use pattern of the country
B. Ethiopia is the land of both Christian and Muslims D. Development of infrastructure within the country
98. The very high concentration of people over the central highlands of Ethiopia is partly the result of
A. movements of the Semitic and Cushitic (Oromo) People C. Addis Ababa to Djibouti railway
B. Physical factors D. None of these
99. Why the Somali and Afar regions of Ethiopia are sparsely populated?
A. There are areas with extremely high temperature and high rainfall conditions
B They are confined to the tropical region
C. They are found to the lowland areas
D. they are regions which are dominated by areas with arid and semi-arid climatic conditions.
 100. In Ethiopia, a given settlement is said to be urban when it fulfills the following criteria. Except
A. The settlement has a minimum of 2000 people.
B. Two-thirds of the population in the settlement are engaged in non-agricultural activities
C. The settlement has a chartered municipality.
D. The Presence primary economic activities
101. The two major historical factors beneath the development of many urban centers in Ethiopia were
A. The movement of Cush People and Ethio-Djibouti railway
B. Interconnection of different parts of the country by all-weather roads and the five-year Italian
occupation
C. The presence of raw materials and Industrial products
D None of these
102. Permanent rural settlements of Ethiopia are associated with
A. Location of Industries C. crop farming highlands
B. Provision of services and hotel industries D. Nomadic herding lowland areas of the country.
103. Why temporary rural settlements of Ethiopia are concentrated over the lowland areas?
A. The scarcity of pasture lands C. The scarcity of fresh water
B. The pastoralist way of life of the people D All of the above
104. The difference between fertility and mortality is known as
A. Net Natural fertility B. Natural change. C. Rate of Natural increase D. Crude death rate
105. Which regional state of Ethiopia has the highest fertility rate?
A . Oromiya region. B. Amhara region. C. Afar region D. SNNP regional state
106. All of the following are the major factors for high fertility rate in Ethiopia Except,
A. Early marriage and Low status of women
B Low rates of infant and child mortality
C. Parental valuing of children in terms of high social and economic value
D. Low levels of family planning practices
107. Rapid population growth in Ethiopia has resulted in;
A. Deforestation B. Pollution and soil erosion. C. A and B D. None of these
108. Why does Ethiopia use an anti-natalist population policy?
A. major problem of population in Ethiopia is high rate of fertility and this policy addresses this problem.
B. The economy of the country
C The Country demands more labor force
D. The policy wants to promote the social welfare of the people
109. All of the following are objectives of Ethiopia‘s population policy Except:
A. Closing the gap between high population growth and low economic productivity
B. Ensuring environmental protections
C. increasing morbidity and mortality D. Reducing the rate of rural-to-urban migration.
110. Smallest share of the Ethiopia‘s urban population is found in
A. Afar region. B Gambella C Berneshangul Gumuz D. Harari.
111. The three most urbanized regions of Ethiopia are
A Amhara, Onomiya and Tigray C. Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa , and Harari,
B. SNNP , Gambella and Afar D.SNNPR, Amhara and Oromiya
112. Economic growth is
A. Transformation of the entire quality of life of a whole society.
B. a process involving economic as well as social, political, cultural, and environmental changes
C. a quantitative change in the national capital regardless of political, economic, cultural and other
improvements.
D. qualitative accumulation of national capital.
113. All of the following continents are considered developed except;
A Europe B. North America C South America D Australia
132. The dominant sector of the Ethiopian economy is
A. Agriculture B service. C Industry. D. forestry
133. All of the following are major objectives of ADLI Except:
A. Improving agricultural productivity C. Assisting farmers with extensional services
B. Improving farmers‘ access to fertilizers.
D. Expanding financial institutions that help to improve the financial status of local farmers.
E. None of this
134. PASDEP program of Ethiopia is based on the following activities Except
A. massive push to accelerated growth C. A renewed look at several-urban linkages and the urban agenda
B. Focusing on Ethiopia‘s very different agro-ecological area D. Unleashing the potential of Ethiopian women.
135. Which one of the following is not a serious factor of Socio-economic development in Ethiopia;
A. General Scarcity of natural resources
B. shortage of trained manpower and lack of efficient management System
C. system of management of agricultural lands
D. Insignificant decline in rate of population growth
136. One of the following is an indicator of physical causes of underdevelopment in Ethiopia?
A. Per Capita income B. Population growth C. level of investment D. Drought
137. Which one of the following is an economic factor?
A. Civil War B. Fast population growth C. Drought and famine D. Investment capital
138. One of the following is a possible means to bring about sustainable development in Ethiopia?
A. Raising agricultural productivity C. Raising the rate of population
B Appropriate utilization of aid D. Decentralization and liberation of the political and economic systems
E. All except C
139. One of the following is an example of endemic on highland of Ethiopia?
A. Hayne B Giraffe. C .Gelada baboon. D wild Ass
140. One of the following does NOT belong to the group of key forces that explain the geologic history of Ethiopia?
A. folding. B. faulting. C. Earth quake. D mass movement
141. An Ethiopian river which is relatively less suitable for the generation of hydroelectric power is
A. Baro. B. Ghibe: C Abay. D Tekeze
142. In which part of Ethiopia do you expect to find the thickest layer of Addigrat sandstone ?
A. In the Western most areas of Tigray region C. In Northern most part of Afar region
B. In eastern most part of Somali region D. In Western most part of Gambella region
143. Which of the following regions has the largest proportion of urban population of Ethiopia?
A. Amhara National and regional state C .Tigray National and regional state
B. The Oromiya National and regional state D. Southern National and regional state
144. Which one of the following mountains of Ethiopia is different from the others in its location?
A mt. Chilalo. B. Mt. Batu. C mt. Tulu Dimtu D mt. Gughe
145. Which one of the following rivers of Ethiopia belongs to rift valley drainage system?
A. Awash. B. Abay C Ghenalle . D Beshello
146. Which one of the following sectors in Ethiopia contributes the least to the GDP of Ethiopia?
A. Industry sector. B. The mining sector. C. The industry sector D. The service sector
147. Maps have long become the essential and distinct tools of geographers mainly because
A. They are relatively easier to prepare in school situations
B. They plays a unique role in reducing spatial distribution and interactions to an observable
C. Geographers have accumulated wealth of experience in using them
D. The use of other media for geographic education has been growing down Over the last decades
148. Seasonal distribution of rainfall and temperature in Africa is influenced mainly by
A. its size and shape
B. Wind Systems and air pressure over and around it
C. its location in relation to the Asian landmasses
D. the pattern of distribution of the remaining forest cover
149. One of the following themes relates Least to nature of geography
A Interaction between human beings and the environment
B. Distribution of natural phenomenon affecting human use of the earth
C social and cultural patterns of the earth
D Analysis of the chemical composition of metallic minerals
150. Which one of the following is a direct outcome of the astronomical location of Ethiopia?
A The spatial distribution of mountains and valleys in the country
B. the cultural diversity of its population
C The emergence of Addis Ababa as the capital city of the nation
D The fact that Addis Ababa experiences overhead Sun two times in a year
151. The present boundaries between the Ethiopian regions (kilills) could best be described as:
A. Physical. B. Anthropogenic. C Economic D. Politico-historical
152. Which one of the following is NOT an expected outcome of modern geographic research?
A. Challenging the laws of nature C. Predicting about the future
B. enhancing Knowledge D. Finding Solutions to a certain problems
153. The Hintalo limestone of Ethiopia was deposited during the Period
A. Tertiary. B. Jurassic. C. Triassic D. Quaternary
154. The most elevated parts of the Ethiopian Rift valley is found in the
A. Afar Depression. B. lower Awash Valley C. lower Omo Valley D. Lakes region
155. Which of the following is NOT among the general objectives of the National population policy of Ethiopia?
A. improving the social and economic status of Women, Youth and children
B. Harmonizing the rates of economic and population growth
C. Bringing an end to rural Urban migration through Speedy rural development Programs
D. Narrowing the wide Urban-rural gap in people's access to basic public services
156. As cacao is to Ghana Tobacco is to
A. Zambia. B. Senegal. C. Sudan D. Zimbabwe
157. The major focus of research in geography is explaining the
A. History of nations and Nationalities C. Element that constitute the core of the earth
B. variable character of the earth's surface D. Elements that constitute the upper part of the atmosphere
158. which one of the following is the most important determinant of present relief features of Ethiopia?
A. volcanic activities of Tertiary Period C. The regression and Transgression of the sea from the South east
B. Paleozoic geological process D. Precambrian mountain building process
159. Which one of the following types of soil in Ethiopia is most suitable for the production of Coffee
,cereals and inset; A Xenosols. B. Nitrosols. C Lithosols. D Yermosols
160. In which part of Ethiopia do you expect to find the highest Variability of annual rainfall?
A. The southwestern highlands B. Arsi-Bale massif C. The Rift valley lakes region D. The northeastern Lowlands
161. Which of the following statements about regional economic groupings such as ECOWAS and SADC is correct?
A. Their role in promoting economic Integration has been disappointing
B. They have played a remarkable role in promoting economic growth of Africa
C Their role in Promoting free-trade has been our standing
D They have led to significant economic restructuring in the Countries involved
162. Which of the following economic sectors is the leading source of employment in the urban centers
ofEthiopia? A. Industries B. Agriculture C. services D. Construction
163. Which one or the following modern manufacturing industries in Ethiopia Currently employs the largest labor force?
A. Assembly of motor vehicles C. chemical industries
B. Textile Industries D. Iron and steel manufacturing
164. The northern extreme point of Africa is located at;
A. Cape Agulhas B. Cape Bon C. Cape Verde D. Cape Guardafui
165. One of the following Rivers of Ethiopia is NOT presently used for the generation of hydroelectric power?
A. Ghenalle B. Tekeze C. Wabeshebele D. Abay
166. Which one of the following Places experiences sunrise approximately One hour ahead of Gambella?
A. Adama B. Assossa C Jigjiga D Moyale
167. A single Super landmass that held all continents together mil1ions of years back was referred by
AlfredWagner as; A. Laura Asia. B. Gondwanaland. C. Pangaea. D. Tathys
168. The Maghreb region of northern Africa receives its winter rainfall from;
A. South east monsoon Winds C. North polar easterlies
B. North Westerly winds D. South Polar easterlies
169. Which one of the following lowlands of Ethiopia receives the lowest amount of annual rainfall?
A. Baro Lowlands B The rift Valley lakes region C Tekeze -Angereb lowlands D. The Omo river basin
170. Which one of the following is NOT among the major factors behind the extremely uneven distribution
ofpopulation in Ethiopia?
A. Slope and drainage. B. Altitudinal factors C. Latitudinal factors D. Historical factors
171. Which one of the following characteristically grows on swampy areas or water logged grounds?
A. Bamboo forests B. Tropical Savannah C. mangrove vegetation D. Mediterranean vegetation
172. Which one of the following can result in the decline of the total Fertility Rate (TFR) of the population
ifcountries like Ethiopia?
A. Increase age at marriage C. Declining infant mortality rate
B Declining Child Mortality rate D. Increase in maternal mortality
 173. Which of the following drainage Basin of Ethiopia is the largest in terms of Catchment area?
A. Abay drainage basin C. Baro- Akobo drainage basin
B. Ghibe-Omo drainage basin D. Wabeshebele drainage basin
174. Which regional State of Ethiopia has largest number of national Parks
A. Oromiya. B. Gambella C. SNNPR. D. Amhara
175. In which settlement hierarchies do you categorize Addis Ababa?
A. large city B. Metropolis. C. large towns D. megalopolis
176. Which one of the highland forests is found on the highest altitude?
A. Junipers. B. podocarpus C Arundria. D Hagenia Abessinia

177. Which one of the following is Ethiopia's Current development strategy?

A. Growth and Transformation program
B. sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction (SDPE)
C. sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction program (SDPRP)
D. Plan for Accelerated and sustainable Development to End Poverty (PASDEP)
178. Topographic maps are;
A. Concerned with only one topic C. Large scale map Covering Small areas with great details
B. Do not give many types of data D. Then are classified into qualitative and quantitative maps
179. All of the following are quantitative distribution maps except
C. Isopletic maps. C. Chorochometic maps B. Dot maps. D. Choroplethic maps
180 .which one of the following can be a limitation of maps? They are:
A. selective B. Not visually convenient C. not easy to fold and handle D. None of these
181.General Purpose Maps are
A. Show various natural and cultural features C- Cover a relatively smaller area
B Prepared often with large scale D. Prepared often with small scale
182.Sketch Maps are
A- Prepared with no scale C- Not based upon conventional signs and symbols
B- Can be prepared quickly D. Need more time to prepare
183. Which one of the following is correct of the relative position of Africa?
A. Africa is a vast continent found between the topic of cancer and Capricorn
B. Africa is a continent found to the west of Indian Ocean
C. Africa is bounded by four major extreme points
D The continent is crossed by both equator anal Prime meridians
184. A narrow Sea passage between Africa and Europe-
A Gibraltar. B. Strait of Bab-el Mandab. C Suez Canal D. Gulf of Aqaba
185. Which one of the following geological event was occurred during the Precambrian era?
A. Heavy erosion across the Horn of Africa C. formation of basement complex rocks
B. formation coal D. Series of denudation and peneplaination
186. Identify the most recent Geological event that took place in Africa.
A. formation of many volcanic mountains in the eastern Africa C. Ice age in the southern Africa
B. Sinking of the Horn of Africa D. formation of the Great East African Rift valley
187. Which part of the Great East African Rift Valley Consists of African highest block mountain?
A. Eastern Branch. B. Western branch C. Northern branch. D. Malawi Rift Valley
188. Which one of the following factors (Controls) of weather and climate in Africa has little impact?
A. Ocean current. B. latitude C. Altitude D. Distance from the sea
189. Which one of the following can be factor for the spatial and seasonal variation of temperature in Africa?
A. The apparent movement of overhead sun B. ITCZ C. The formation of mountains D. None of these
190. Ethiopian and the part of Eastern African highlands experience the lowest temperature, this is due to-
A. Altitude. B. Latitude. C Ocean current D Distance from the sea
191. Which Global wind brings rainfall to the Maghreb region of Northern Africa?
A. Guinea monsoon winds B. trade winds C. Polar Easterly winds D. westerly winds
192. Which of the following terms refers to deposits made by wind?
A. Fluvial deposits B. Aeolian deposits C. Lacustrine deposits D. Marine deposits
193. Which of the following lakes is located on an international boundary?
A. Tana B. Ashenge C. Abe D. Abaya
194. The relationship between Ethiopia and Djibouti is very strong this is because
A. Geographic Factor B. Historical factor C. Political factor D. Social and cultural factors
195. Which of the following became the most important feature of Geography in the 1950‘s and 1960‘s?
A. The development of GIS C. Environmental Determinism
B. The central place Theory D. The Quantitative Revolution
196. Which of the following best indicates the central concerns of modern human Geography?
A. Studying social and physical environment and preparing maps.
B. Identification of various types of cultural and physical features.
C. Studying the spatial organization of settlements and economic activities.
D. Studying the relationship that human beings have with the physical environments
197. Which of the following statements best represents the views of environmental determinist?
A. Human beings have unlimited ability to tame nature.
B. People‘s life styles are shaped by the physical environment in which they live.
C. People‘s ability to tame nature depends on their levels of technological advancement
D. People‘s ability to tame nature depends on the degree of complexity of their social organizations.
198. Which of the following is the oldest known definition of Geography?
A. The field of study which deals with the description of the earth.
B. The field of study which explains the spatial variation of phenomena on earth‘s surface.
C. The study of the relationship that exists between human kind and the natural environment
D. The systematic study of landforms, climate, water resources, vegetation and human activities
199. Which one of the following types of economic activities was introduced to the tropical areas in the most
recent past?
A. Hunting and gathering B. Shifting cultivation C. Plantation agriculture D. Fishing
200. Which of the following layers of the atmosphere is nearest to the earth‘s surface?
A. The thermosphere B. The Stratosphere C. The mesosphere D. The troposphere
201. Which of the following fields of Geography is different from the others?
A. Population geography B. Soil geography C. Cultural geography D. Political geography
202. Which of the following branches of Geography deals with the nature and determinates of the
production, spatial distribution, exchange and consumption of goods and services?
A. Biogeography B. Political Geography C. Economic Geography D. Historical Geography
203. The key focus of research and teaching in contemporary geography is
A. describing the earth C. explaining spatial relationships and variations in human activities
B. explaining weather anomalies and climate change
D. explaining factors that shape the world economic order
204. Which of the following branches of Geography studies the Anthrop sphere?
(A) Climatology (B) Hydro-geography (C) Cultural Geography (D) Population Geography
205. The philosophy of environmental determinism differs from environmental possibilism in that the latter
focuses more one
(A) use o geographic knowledge to solve contemporary problems
(B) application of statistical techniques
(C) study of the distribution of environmental resources
(D) the two-way relationships between humans and their environment
206. One of the following countries of Africa is NOT located in the Sahel Zone
(A) Central African Republic (B) Chad (C) Sudan (D) Niger
207. Which of the following statement about the philosophy of ―Environmental Determinism‖ is NOT correct?
A. It strongly influenced geographic thoughts until the early 20th century
B. It supports the view that human beings are the masters of the environment
C. Its founding ideas were laid down by Greek and Roman philosophers
D. It advocates the view that the physical environment controls human activities
208. Which one of the following statements about Geography is NOT correct?
A. Geography is an interdisciplinary science
B. The scope and definition of Geography has remained static
C. The spatial and temporal distribution of phenomena is the core domain of geography
D. Geography shares a wide rang of information with the social and natural sciences
 209. Which of the following features DOES NOT characterize contours?
A. Contours are lines actually drawn on the ground to show relief
B. Each contour line joins points with the same height above mean sea level
C. The difference between to successive contour lines is equal
D. Contour lines are drawn at fixed interval
210. are lines on maps that show the distribution of equal transportation cost.
(A) Isohyets (B) Isodapanes (C) Isobar (D) Iso transport
211. is a method of showing a relief feature on a map by using different colors or different intensities of the
same color.
(A) Form line (B) Hachure (C) Layer tinting (D) Relief shading
212. Which of the following comes first in a standard research proposal?
(A) Statement of the problem (C) Research Methodology
(B) Research Objectives (D) Hypothesis
213. Which of the following combination of terms used in the preparation of isoplethic maps is NOT correct?
A. Isohyet, rainfall B. Isobar, pressure C. Isotherm, temperature D. Isodapance, altitude
214. Which of the following soil groups of Africa exhibits characteristics that are similar to those of vertisols
during dry and wet seasons?
A. Acrisols B. fluvisols C. Nitosols D. Luvisols
215. Which of the following characteristically grows on swampy or waterlogged grounds?
A. Bamboo forests B. Tropical savannas C. Mangrove vegetation D. Mediterranean vegetation
216. Which of the following soil groups of Africa exhibits characteristics that are similar to those of Vertisols
during dry and wet seasons?
A. Acrisols B. Fluvisols C. Nitosols D. Luvisols
217. Which of the following characteristically grows on swampy or waterlogged grounds?
A. Bamboo forests B. Tropical savannas C. Mangrove vegetation D. Mediterranean vegetation
218. Which of the following rivers is believed to have the highest potential for the production of hydroelectric
power? A. The Nile River. B. The Congo River C. The Niger River D. The Zambezi River
219. When does a cyclonic (frontal) rainfall occur?
A. When hot air rises to greater heights and cools.
B. When winds coming from warm and cold areas converge
C. When rain bearing winds descent from higher to lower grounds
D. When winds coming from warm areas make contact with mountains
220. Which of the following landforms of Africa came into being mainly as a result of folding?
A. The Atlas Mountains C. The Lakes Region of Ethiopia
B. The East African Rift Valley D. The mountains of East Africa
231.Which of the following water bodies does not wash the shores of Africa?
A. Indian ocean B. The Arabian sea C. The Gulf of Aden D. The Mediterranean
231.Which one of the following ocean currents has the least effect on the climate of Africa?
A. Benguela B. Mozambique C. Canaries D. Labrador
232. Which one of the following may not be affected by the relief of a given geographical unit?
A. Rainfall C. Length of day and night
B. Population settlement D. Visibility between two points within the area
233. Why do African farmers tend to burn savannah woodlands each year?
A. To increase the amount of rainfall
B. To improve the fertility of the soils
C. To promote the growth of fresh grass for their livestock
D. To destroy dangerous vectors such as the mosquito that transmits malaria
234. Which of the following parts of Africa has the wettest rainy season?
A. The coastal areas of Namibia C. The coastal plants of the Horn of Africa
B. The coastal areas of Mozambique D. The coastal areas of the Maghreb region
234. Which of the following countries has a climatic pattern that is strongly influenced by its proximity to a
cold ocean current? A. Zambia B. Namibia C. Tanzania D. Mozambique
 235. What is the major factor that explains the very high summer temperatures of African countries such as
Chad and Niger?
A. Their distance from the sea C. Their lack of rain bearing clouds
B. Their immense geographic size D. Their lack of plateaus and mountains

236. Which of the following is responsible for the present locations of the continents that once formed the
single supercontinent known as Gondwanaland?
A. Volcanism B. Faulting and folding C. Continental drifts D. Erosion, transportation and deposition
237. Where do you find the richest and most diverse wildlife concentration in Africa?
A. In the tropical rainforests C. In desert and semi-desert areas
B. In the savannah grasslands D. In river valleys, lakes and swamplands
238. Which of the following NOT a likely outcome of large scale deforestation and overgrazing?
A. Climatic change C. Greater biodiversity
B. Land degradation D. Increased runoff and flooding
239. What common characteristics do you find among Atlas, Alps and Himalyas?
A. They are old fold mountains C. All are found in the Mediterranean region
B. All are the result of tensional force D. They were formed during similar geological era
240. If you travel from Congo basin straight to central part of Chad, what are the major vegetation zones you
may pass through?
A. Equatorial rainforest, High Savanna, park savanna Thorn scrub
B. Equatorial rainforest, Park savanna, High savanna and Thorn scrub
C. Equatorial Rainforest, Thorn savanna, High savanna and Park savanna
D. True savanna, Equatorial rainforest, park savanna and Thorn scrub
241. Which one of the following conservation measures is feasible to tackle the problem of deforestation due
to urban expansion? A. Afforesting B. Reforestation C. Social forestry D. Master planning
242. Which one of the following factors has the least effect on population distribution of Africa?
A. Climate B. Water resource C. Religion D. Conflict and war
243. Which region of Africa has most diverse climatic conditions and biodiversity?
A. Eastern Africa B. Western Africa C. Central Africa D. Southern Africa
244. Which one of the following techniques is the most common to represent relief and elevation on standard
topographic map? A. Contour lines B. Hachures C. Altitude D. Shaded relief
245. To which geological period do you associate extensive coal formation in Africa?
A. Jurassic B. Paleozoic C. Cretaceous D. Carboniferous
246. Which of the following statements about the tropical rainforests of Africa is NOT correct?
A. They are often referred to as equatorial rainforests or tropical evergreen forest.
B. They have much less diversity of plant species in comparison to tropical savannas.
C. They occur in lowlands whose elevation is below 500 meters above the sea level.
D. They occur in areas that receive annual rainfall ranging between 1500 and 2500 mms.
247. What proportion of the world‘s continental land surface does Africa constitutes?
A. About one-half. C. More or less one-third.
B. Roughly ten percent. D. Approximately one-fifth.
248. Which of the following statements about rainfall in Ethiopia is correct?
A. In general lower altitudes have greater annual precipitation than higher altitudes.
B. The amount of rainfall received by any two places located on the same altitude is more or less the same.
C. The amount of rainfall received by any two places located on the same latitude is more or less the same.
D. In general the south-western highlands tend to have greater annual precipitation than the north-western highlands.
249. Which one of the following is correct about the geological history of Africa?
A. All parts of Africa were uniformly affected by Paleozoic era.
B. Cenozoic era was the most remarkable in the geological history of Africa.
C. Western Africa is geologically the most unstable part of the continent.
D. Many geological events were recorded during Precambrian era in Africa.
250. Which of the following is NOT directly affected by the vertical distribution of climate in Ethiopia?
A. The spatial distribution of vegetation. C. The spatial distribution of urban centers.
B. The spatial distribution of population. D. The spatial distribution of linguistic groups.
251.
252. Women empowerment and participation in the overall socio-economic development aspect can be
promoted though.
A. Gender sensitive policies. C. Gender based division of labor.
B. Campaign against illiteracy. D. Women focused family planning.
253. Africa gets closest to Europe at the
(A) strait of Gibraltar (B) Isthmus of Suez (C) Strait of Bab-el Mandab (D) Cape Bon
254. One of the following countries of Africa is NOT located in the Sahel Zone
(A) Central African Republic (B) Chad (C) Sudan (D) Niger
255. Which of the following statements about the African continent is NOT correct?
(A) The coastline of Africa has lots of deep, wide and long indentations and inlets
(B) The North-South and East-West extents of the continent are almost equivalent
(C) The greater bulk of the land mass of Africa lies to the north of the equator
(D) Most parts of the high mountains of Africa are of volcanic origin
259. Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the major geographic regions of Arica?
(A) Southern Africa has the major mining and manufacturing industries in the Continent
(B) Central Africa owns about one-third of the Continen‘s tropical woods
(C) Northern Africa is dominated by mountains and plains
(D) Eastern Africa is characterized by a Desert climate
260. One of the following is NOT among the mechanisms used by desert plants to adapt to the harsh
environmental conditions
(A) development of thorny leaves (C) spongy leaves and stems that store water
(B) seeds that lie dormant for several years (D) large and numerous leaves
261. What is the main factor that explains why the Congo River has the lowest seasonal fluctuation of flow in Africa?
(A) The width of its catchment area (C) Its location in equatorial Africa
(B) Its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean (D) The length of its channel
262. Which of the following types of vegetation largely occurs on lake shores, deltaic mouths and flood plains
of the major rivers of Africa?
(A) Afromontane vegetation (C) Park (wetter) Savannah
(B) Mediterranean vegetation (D) Mangrove vegetation
263.Mainly over which of the following parts of Africa would the ITCZ be located in January?
(A) Over the northern half of the continent (C) Over the southern half of the continent
(B) Over the north-eastern half of the continent (D) Over the north western half of the continent
264. Which of the following parts of Africa usually receives cyclonic (frontal) rainfall?
(A) The extreme north and south (C) The Congo Basin
(B) The East African highlands (D) the Ethiopian highlands
265. The Mediterranean Climatic Region
(A) has its main rain during the summer
(B) is located in the northern and southern tips of Africa
(C) is one of the most important tourist attractions in Africa due to its unique climate
(D) B and C are correct answers
266. Which of the following best explains why Africa has the hottest climate in the world?
A. The immense size of the continent C. The latitudinal location of the continent
B. The longitudinal location of the continent
D. The fact that the continent has many basins and low plateaus

267. Which of the following statements about the tropical rainforests of Africa is NOT correct?
A. They are also known as equatorial broad leaf evergreen forests
B. They largely consist of soft woood trees
C. They are confined to Central and Western Africa as well as eastern Madagascar
D. They develop in areas with high temperature and high rainfall throughout the year
268. Which of the following best explains why Africa has 40% of the world‘s hydro-electric power (HEP) potential?
A. The fact that Africa is rich in water resources
B. The steep profile of the upper and middle courses of most African rivers
C. The fact that Africa has some of the longest rivers in the world
D. The fact that a good part of Africa receives very high annual rain fall.
269. Which of the following types of natural vegetation of Africa is usually found between the wetter and drier savannas?
A. High Savanna B. Park Savanna C. Thorn Scrub D. Tropical rainforest
270. Where do the westerly winds that reach the northern and southern tips of Africa come from?
A. The Indian ocean C. The Sub polar high pressure belts
B. The Mediterranean Sea D. The equatorial low pressure belt
271. Which of the following factors best explains why the south-western coastal areas of Africa are generally cool and dry?
A. Their altitudinal location C. Their proximity to the Kalahari Desert
B. Their Latitudinal location D. Effects of the Benguela Current

272. One of the following statements about the ITCZ (Inter Tropical Convergence Zone) is NOT correct
A. It is a region of rising air and high pressure near the equator
B. Areas near the ITCZ experience high rainfall
C. It is a region of rising air and low pressure near the equator
D. It is a low pressure center which controls the direction of winds
273. Which one of the following is correct about Africa?
A. Africa is the only continent positioned in all the four hemispheres
B. Cape Bon marks the western tip of Africa
C. The land area south of the Equator is about twice that of the north.
D. Africa‘s greatest north-south extent is slightly shorter than the east-west extent
274. All of the following geological events took place in Africa during the Paleozoic Era EXCEPT
A. Denudation B. Orogenesis C. Peneplanation D. Formation of coal
275. Which of the following soil types of Africa is considered to be the most productive in general and ideal for
crop production in particular?
A. Acrisols B. Vertisols C. Nitosols D. Ferrasols
276. Which of the following drainage systems of Africa has only a single main river basin?
A. The Indian Ocean Drainage System C. The Atlantic Ocean Drainage System
B. The Mediterranean Sea Drainage System D. The Closed (Inland) Drainage System
277. The main global pressure belts that affect the climate of Africa between 50N and 50S latitudes are the
A. Horse latitudes B. Polar easterlies C. Equatorial lows (doldrums) D. Subtropical highs
278. Which one of the following combinations of the names of rivers and the dams built on them is NOT correct?
A. White Nile, High Aswan Dam C. Volta, Akosombo Dam
B. Zambezi, Kariba Dam D. Congo, Inga I and Inga II
279. The Mangrove vegetation of Africa are well adapted to all of the following areas EXCEPT
A. Coastal areas of East Africa C. The Bale Mountains of Ethiopia
B. The eastern shores of the Indian Ocean D. Deltaic mouths and flood plains of African rivers
280. Desert plants use all of the following mechanisms of adaptation to with stand the desert environment EXCEPT
A. Deep roots C. Spongy leaves, stems, roots and fruits
B. Waxy or needle shaped leaves D. Broad leaves
280. One of the following soils of Africa becomes very sticky during wet seasons and crack severely during
dry seasons thereby making farming a very laborious activity
A. Vertisoles B. Calcisols C. Fluvisols D. Solonchaks
281. Which of the following statements about the Mediterranean type of climate is correct?
A. Its average annual rainfall does not exceed 200 mms
B. It has dry summers and wet winters
D. It is found in the northern and southern tips of Africa
282. Which of the following statement about the tropical monsoon climatic region of Africa in is NOT correct?
A. It receives heavy rainfall throughout the year
B. Its temperature remains high throughout the year
C. It is found only in the southern part of the continent
D. Winter is the wettest season of the region
283. During which period of the geologic time scale did the land in the eastern part of Africa remains under the sea?
A. The Jurassic Period C. The Cretaceous Period
B. The Triassic Period D. The Cretaceous and Triassic periods
284. One of the following countries is NOT within the Sahel Zone of Africa
A. Mali B. Chad C. Gabon D. Niger
285. One of the following is the largest climatic region in Africa south of the Sahara
A. The Equatorial Climate C. The Tropical Desert or and Semi-desert Climate
B. Tropical Maritime (Monsoon) Climate D. Tropical Continental (Savanna) Climate
286. One of the following countries of Africa is NOT among those where manufacturing industries are well developed.
A. Egypt B. Nigeria C. Morocco D. Chad
287. Which one of the following countries receives the highest proportion of Ethiopian export?
A. South Africa. B. Japan C. Germany D. United States of America
288. Which one of the following countries is the world‘s leading producer of natural rubber?
A. Thailand B. Burma C. Malaysia D. Indonesia
289. All of the following language groups belong to the Omotic group EXCEPT one
A. ShakichoB. Dawro C. Gofa D. Kembata
290. What is the main factor that causes shifting cultivation?
A. Shortage of land C. Changes in the types of crops grown
B. Shortage of farming tools D. Soil infertility
291. Which of the following is NOT among the main factors limiting the development of inter-state or inter-
regional trade in Africa?
A. Similarity of the export commodities of most countries C. The problem of currencies
B. Ideological and cultural barriers D. The severe limitation in the physical infrastructure
292. The current trend of population migration from Africa to other continents is best explained by
A. Political repression in Africa C. Economic hardships in Africa
B. Cultural attractions in the target continents D. Search for educational opportunities abroad
293. The most and least urbanized sub-regions of Africa are and respectively
A. North and Central Africa C. South and Central Africa
B. South and East Africa D. South and West Africa
294. The high fertility rate in Africa can be explained in terms of all of the following factors EXCEPT
A. Religious beliefs C. Favorable climate
B. Low level of urbanization D. Inadequate family planning
295. Which one of the following countries of Africa is the leading producer of crude oil?
A. Angola B. Nigeria C. Gabon D. Algeria
296. A population pyramid mainly indicates
A. The size of the population of a given geographic unit
B. The vital rates of the population of a given country
C. The distribution of the population of a country by age and sex
D. The distribution of the population of a country by income category
297. Though Africa has a great potential to produce sufficient food for its people, the continent has been
sufficient from chronic food insecurity mainly due to
A. Serious shortage of working age population C. Conversion of some food crops to bio-fuels
B. System of trade which encourages food export D. Heavy dependence on backward farming techniques and tool
298. Which one of the following is the characteristic of urban settlement?
A) Vast building area C) narrow and irregular roads
B) No planned streets D) Houses made up of simple martials
299) Which vehicle is the smallest climbing capacity to compare with others?
A) Train B) Bicycles C) Ordinary cars D) 4 wheel drive cars
300) From the following which one is man –made terrain feature?
A) Cliff B) Cut C) Spur D) Reintrant
301) From the following in which method, the interpolation can be done in the procedure of tracing paper?
A) Graphical method B) Calculation method C) Estimation method D) None
302) Which one of the following is not true about the estimation method of interpolation?
A) It locate a contour lines by using rough estimation C) It applied at the ground quite irregular
B.It is not a great accuracy D) Distortion is common
303) Which one of the following Not True about the terrain feature of cliff on topographic maps?
A) The contour lines are highly close/merge together each other
B) Little or no change of horizontal distance on topographic maps
C) High vertical distance on topographic maps D) None of the above
304) To compare with others, from the following types of transport networks which highly sensitive that
affected by climate variability especially at the lower part of the troposphere?
A) Water transport B) Trail transport C) Air transport D) Pipe transport
305) The arrangement of rivers and its tributaries as well as its shape in the drainage basin or catchment area is called----.
A) Drainage pattern B) Drainage system C) Watershed D) River capture
306) Which of the following parts of Africa has the lowest crude density of population?
(A) The coastal areas of North Africa
(B) The continental interior of Africa north of the equator
(C) The southern coastal area of West Africa
(D) The coastal areas of Africa south of the equator
309. Which of the following statements is NOT correct about shifting cultivation in Africa?
(A) It is typically practiced in the remote tropical rainforest areas
(B) It is practiced with the help of simple tools such as hoes, digging sticks and axes
(C) It is practiced in areas where the soils are heavily leached
(D) It uses more of crop rotation systems than field rotation systems
310. Where does the largest share of Africa‘s exportable timber come from?
(A) West African tropical forests (C) The Congo Basin
(B) The highlands of East Africa (D) The highlands of North Africa
311. Which of the following features does NOT characterize the African population?
(A) Triangular population pyramid (C) low age dependency ratio
(B) Low life expectancy (D) low median age
312. Which of the following is NOT among the leading factors that constrain the development of inter-regional
trade between African countries?
(A) Underdevelopment of the road and rail transport sectors
(B) Operational shortcomings of interregional trade organizations
(C) The nature of the export commodities of many countries
(D) Continuous fluctuations in the values of the US Dollar and the Euro
313. In which regional division of the African continent is Sudan found?
A. Central Africa B. Western Africa C. Northern Africa D. Eastern Africa
314. WPrevalence of a primate city in a country D. A single large city with its suburbs
315. A country had a crude Birth Rate of 36 per thousand people in 2020. It its Crude Death was 12 per
thousand people during the same year, what was its rate of natural increase?
A. 2.4% B. 1.2% C. 3.6% D. 4.8%
316. A population pyramid with a brand base and a narrow peak indicates?
A. High death rate and low life expectancy. C. The predominance of an adult population.
B. Low death rate and high life expectancy. D. Low fertility rate and low dependency ratio.
317. What is the effect of a high rate of natural increase on the length of the doubling time of a population?
A. It will reduce the doubling time of the population.
B. It will increase the doubling time of the population.
C. It will have no impact on the doubling time of the population.
D. It will freeze the doubling time of the population at a fixed rate.
325. Highest and lowest proportion of urban population characterizes which regions of African respectively?
A. Central and southern B. Eastern and Southern C. Southern and Eastern Africa D. Northern and Eastern Africa
326.Which of the following statements about the growth rate of the population of Africa is correct?
A. Its rate of natural increase is the highest in the world.
B. Its population has the longest doubling time in the world.
C. Its population growth rate is presently about 3.5% per annum.
D. Its population growth rate has shown no sign of moderation in the recent past.
327.All of the following describe the demographic characteristics of Africa Except.
A. Low median age. C. Brand base population pyramid
B. Short doubling time. D. High fertility and low mortality rates.
328. What does the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) measure?
A. The total number of live births in a given year.
B. The total number of children born per 1000 population.
C. The total number of children born in a year per 1000 women
D. The average number of children that would be born to a women over her life time.
 329. Which one of the following is a possible conclusion of the Malthusian population theory?
A. Population increase can motivate technological innovations.
B. Disease and war should be allowed to avoid overpopulation.
C. Population increase can intensify agriculture to maintain food security.
D. Economy grows in geometric progression as population grows arithmetically.
330. Which of the following is NOT strongly related to the geographic location of Ethiopia?
A. The fact that Ethiopia is a member of IGAD (C) The fact that Ethiopia is a member of the UN
B. The socio-cultural behavior of the people of Ethiopia (D) The time zone to which Ethiopia belongs
331. What was the main factor that was responsible for the formation of the Ethiopian Rift Valley?
A. Intensive and sustained erosion during the Paleozoic era
B. The tectonic forces that uplifted the Ethio-Arabian land mass in the Cenozoic era
C. The transgression and regression of the sea during the Mesozoic era
D. Quaternary volcanic eruptions
332. Which of the following is an example of an inland drainage system?
A. The Abay basin ` (C) The Rift Valley Lakes Region
B. The Ghenale Basin (D) The Baro River valley
333. Which of the following lowlands has the wettest climate?
A. The Denakil Plains (C) The Baro Lowlands
B. The Chew Bahir Rift (D) The Lower Awash Valley
334. Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the characteristics of the main rivers of Ethiopia?
A. They have mostly stable year round flows (C) They tend to flow through deep gorges or canyons
B. The have narrow and winding courses (D) They have many rapids and waterfalls
335. Which of the following parts of Ethiopia has the greatest known potential for the production of geothermal
electricity?
A. The North Central Massifs (C)The Arsi-Bale Massifs
B. The South-Western Lowlands (D) The Ethiopian Rift Valley
359.Which of the following is a good indicator of the geological instability of the Ethiopian Rift Valley?
(A)The recurrence of droughts and floods (C) The wide spread presence of thermal springs and fumaroles
(B)The rapid loss of natural vegetation and soils (D) Intensive land degradation and fast loss of biodiversity
360. Which of the following statements about the Wabishebelle River is NOT Correct?
(A) Its waters flow largely through semi-arid and arid lands (C) It forms a large delta when it enters the Indian ocean
(B) It is the longest river in the country (D) It has the largest catchment area in the country
361. During which of the following groups of months are the lowest mean monthly temperatures of most
towns of highland Ethiopia recorded?
(A) November, December and January (C) February, March and April
(B) September, October and November (D) June, July and August
362. Over which part of Africa will the sun be overhead in September?
(A) the coastal areas of Northern Africa (C) the Horn of Africa
(B) Equatorial Africa (D) the highlands of Southern Africa
363. What is the basis for classifying seasons into Bega, Belg and Kiremt in Ethiopia?
(A) annual rainfall distribution and weather systems (C) altitudinal distribution of temperature
(B) annual distribution of temperature (D) altitudinal distribution of rainfall
364.Which of the following areas of Ethiopia is located on the leeward side of rain-bearing ―Kiremt‖ winds?
(A) The north-western lowlands (C) The Dalol Depression
(B) The south-western highlands (D) The Gambela lowlands
365. Which of the following statements about rainfall variability in Ethiopia is correct?
(A) Rainfall variability decreases with decreasing altitude
(B) The highlands have lesser rainfall variability than the lowlands
(C) Rainfall variability is lowest in areas that have a bimodal rainfall pattern
(D) Rainfall variability increase with increase in the amount of annual rainfall
366. Which of the following tree species of Ethiopia is typically found at higher altitudes?
(A) Sholla (B) Ghirar (C) Warka (D) Kosso
367. What are the major controls of weather and climate in Ethiopia?
(A) Longitude and pressure belts (C) Winds and pressure belts
(B) Latitude, altitude and weather systems (D)The north-south movement of the overhead sun
368. To which temperature zone do the higher grounds of the Arsi-Bale Massifs belong?
(A) Tropical (B) Temperate (C) Subtropical (D) Alpine
369. Which of the following statements is correct about the general distribution of temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia?
(A) Both temperature and rainfall increase with decreasing altitude
(B) Both temperature and rainfall increase with increasing altitude
(C) With decreasing altitude temperature decreases while rainfall increases
(D) With decreasing altitude temperature increases while rainfall decreases
370. Where do you expect to find the largest population of arboreal animals in Ethiopia?
(A) In woodland grasslands (C) In the tropical rainforest areas
(B) In woodland savannahs (D) In the semi-arid and arid lowlands
371. Which of the following mammals of Ethiopia is presently facing the greatest danger of extinction?
(A) Wild ass (B) Baboons (C) Jackals (D) Monkeys
372. Which of the following soils of Ethiopia is most intensively cultivated?
(A) Nitosols (B) Cambisols (C) Vertisols (D) Luvisols
373. Which of the following factors is NOT responsible for land degradation on highland Ethiopia?
(A) Overgrazing by domestic stock (C) Deforestation
(B) Traditional cultivation methods (D) Overgrazing by wildlife
374. What is the dominant type of natural vegetation found in the southern most parts of Ethiopia?
(A) Semi-dessert steppe (C) Deciduous woodland
375. Which of the following is NOT a method used to combat the depletion of natural vegetation?
(A) Controlling forest fires (C) Reforestation
(B) Increased reliance on biomass energy (D) Proper management of existing forests
376. Which of the following parts of Ethiopia is most suitable for the large scale production of tea?
(A) The Arsi-Bale highlands (C) The upper Awash Valley
(B) The South-western Highlands (D) The Gambella lowlands
377. One of the following is NOT among the most densely populated areas in Ethiopia
(A) Borena (B) Sidama (C) Kembata (D) Hadiya
378. Which of the following factors is responsible for the widespread development of squatter settlements
in the urban centers of Ethiopia?
(A) The wide gap between housing demand and supply (C) The shortage of skilled labour
(B) The shortage of building materials (D) The scarcity of building land
379. Outcrops of old crystalline basement complex rocks are found of the following parts of Ethiopia EXCEPT in
(A) Eastern Somali (B) Northern Tigray (C) Central Sidama (D) Southern Omo
380. is a natural resource conservation measure which integrates the planting of trees into farming so
as to provide fuel, fruits and forage
(A) Social forestry (C) Agroforestry
(B) Community forestry (D) Indigenous or traditional forestry
381. The Ethiopian Rift Valley is part of the world‘s greatest rift valley system which extends from
(A) Eritrea to Kenya (C) Syria to Mozambique
(B) Israel to Eritrea (D) Djibouti to South Africa
382. The formation of inselbergs in parts of Ethiopia and the Horn is one of the geologic events that took place during the
(A) Precambrian Era (B) Paleozoic Era (C) Mesozoic Era (D) Cenozoic Era
383. The Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) is principally aimed at
(A) bringing about equitable utilization of the Nile water by all the riparian states
(B) helping the upper stream countries intensify utilization of the Nile water
(C) Challenging the lower stream countries to use the Nile water more efficiently
(D) Reducing loss of the water through evaporation and seepage
384. Which of the following farming practices is the main cause of intensive soil erosion in Ethiopia?
A. Fallowing B. Crop rotation C. Over cultivation D. Mixed farming
385. Which one of the following best describes the shape of Ethiopia?
A. Approximately circular C. More or less truncated
B. Almost elongated D. Considerably fragmented
386. Which of the following statements about the Adigrat sandstone is correct?
A. It was formed on top of the Hintalo limestone
B. It was formed during the Cretaceous period
C. It is the oldest sedimentary rock in Ethiopia
D. It is the youngest and thinnest in the south east part of Ethiopia
387. Which of the following areas of Ethiopia is well known for its fossil rich sediments?
A. The Chew-Bahir Rift C. The upper Ghibe Valley
B. The Afar Triangle D. The lowlands of Gambella
388. One of the following is NOT among the main reasons why the Awash river has been extensively used for irrigation
A. It crosses flat plains for hundreds of kilometers
B. Its flow is considerably regulated by the Koka Dam
C. It flows through areas that are close to major centers of population
D. It flows through a hot lowland
389. In which of the following time zones is Ethiopia located?
A. GMT-3 B. GMT+2 C. GMT+3 D. GMT+4
390. The present landforms of Ethiopia and the Horn mainly resulted from the geologic events of
A. The Tertiary and Quaternary periods o the Cainozoic era
B. The Palaeozoic era
C. The Precambrian era D. The Jurassic and Triassic periods of the Mesozoic era
391. Which areas of the following Highlands of Ethiopia are the wettest?
A. The Bale Massifs C. The Shewan plateau
B. The South-western Highlands D. The North Central Massifs
392. What is the dominant form of natural vegetation in the South-eastern lowlands of Ethiopia?
A. Gallery forests C. Semi-desert vegetation
B. Woodland savannah D. Deciduous woodland
393. Which of the following statements about Vertisols in Ethiopia is correct?
A. They have low clay content
B. They have high nutrient content but are difficult to the used for farming
C. They are the best soils for coffee and Enset
D. They are the most widely cultivated soil type in the country
394. As the results of the last three population censuses indicate, the trend of rural-urban migration in Ethiopia is
A. rising B. constant C. declining D. fluctuating
395. Why is the Plateau of Arsi considered to be highly suitable for mechanized farming?
A. It receives adequate and reliable rain fall
B. It is geographically located near centre of the country
C. It experiences low mean monthly temperatures that considerably reduce soil moisture loss
D. It is an extensively rolling plateau which has relatively low effects of erosion
396. Which of the following are the two most important rivers in the Rift Valley drainage system of Ethiopia?
A. Bilate and Segan B. Awash and Omo C. Bilate and Gidabo D. Awah and Borkena
397. Which of the following statement about the water resources of Ethiopia is NOT correct?
A. There are no signs that Ethiopia‘s water resources are beginning to run out
B. Ethiopia has adopted a national conservation strategy for managing water and other natural resources
C. Ethiopia is the second richest country in Africa in terms of water resources
D. Ethiopia has been rightly known as the ―Water Tower of North-eastern Africa‖
398. Which factor best explains why relatively lower temperatures are recorded on the North-western
highlands of Ethiopia from June to August?
A. The tilting of the earth by 23o and 1/2 C. the prevalence of significant cloud cover
B. The location of the overhead sun D. distance from major water bodies
399. Which of the following factors does NOT explain why the Afar Triangle receives a vey low amount of
precipitation during the year?
A. Its moisture bearing winds are dry winds of continental origin
B. It is the widest part of the Ethiopian Rift Valley.
C. It is located in the rain shadow side of the North-Western Highlands
D. The north easterlies that rich the region in winter have a short sea trajectory
400. Which of the following factors has relatively the lowest impact on the climate of Ethiopia?
A. Latitude B. Altitude C. Distance from the sea D. Ocean currents
401. The Ethiopian highlands experienced higher rates of soil erosion manly due to?
A. Poor soil types C. Population pressure
B. Rainfall variability and unreliability D. Mixed farming system
402. The Precambrian era is mainly associated with the formation of
A. Basement complex rocks C. Coal deposits
B. Sedimentary rocks D. The East African rift valley
403. Which of the following rock layers of Ethiopia is the youngest in age?
A. The upper sandstone B. Adigrat Sandstone C. Teriary lava D. The Hintalo Limestone
404. One of the following is NOT among the advantages of the large size of Ethiopia
A. The fact that the country is home to diverse ethnic groups
B. The fact that the country possesses a large amount of arable land
C. The fact that the country has a large army to protect its sovereignty
D. The fact that the country possesses diverse agro ecological zones
405. The north-western highlands of Ethiopia are separated from the South-eastern groups of highlands by
A. The Ethiopian Rift Valley C. The Danakil Depression
B. The Shewan Plateau D. The Arsi-Bale mountains
406. is an active volcano that is found in the Afar region
A. Afrera B. Ertalle C. Fentalle D. Metehara
407. One of the following factors is NOT among the reasons why the lowlands of Ethiopia are the sparsely populated
A. The extremely low amount of rainfall that most of the lowlands receive
B. Increased access to contraceptives
C. The prevalence of vector born diseases such as malaria in the hot lowlands
D. The fact that nomadic herding is the main source of livelihood in most lowlands.
408. Which term refers to the average number of children that would be born alive to a woman during her life
time if she were to pass through all child bearing years?
(A) Age specific fertility rate (B) Crude birth rate (C) Total fertility rate (D) General fertility rate
409. Which of the following is NOT a major factor behind the very high fertility rates among rural women in Ethiopia.
(A) Traditional values attached to children (C) The social status of women
(B) Early marriage (D) The ethnic background of rural women
410. The population policy of Ethiopia can be rightly categorized as
(A) anti-Malthusian (B) anti-natalist (C) pro-natalist (D) anti-migration
411. The number of deaths in a year among under one year of age per one thousand live births is
(A) Infant Mortality Rate (B) Crude Death Rate (C) Child mortality Rate (D) Sibling Death Rate
412. The most important physical factor influencing patterns of population distribution and settlement in Ethiopia is
(A) latitude (B) altitude (C) air pressure (D) soil type
413. Which one of the following statements about rural settlements in Ethiopia is NOT correct?
A. Their social infrastructure is poorly developed
B. They have lower literacy rates than urban settlements
C. They are largely characterized by an agricultural economy
D. They are more densely populated than urban settlements
415 Refers to the number of children a woman many have produced by the end of her reproductive period
A. Dependency Ratio B. Crude Birth Rate C. General Fertility Rate D. Total Fertility Rate
 416. Age-dependency ratio is an indicator of
A. The number of people in the working age group C. The total number of young dependents
B. The number of economically dependent people D. The total number of people in the old-age group
417. Which of the following national regional states of Ethiopia has the largest share of the total
urbanpopulation of Ethiopia?
A. Tigray B. SNNPR C. Oromiya D. Amhara
418. Which of the following combinations of traditional temperature zones of Ethiopia houses the largest
percentage of the country‘s population.
A. Qolla and Bereha B. Dega and Wurch C. Dega and WoinaDega D. WoinaDega and Qolla
419. The term used to refer to the lack of sufficient income in cash or in kind for basic needs such as food,
closing and shelter is;
(A) Homelessness (B) Famine (C) absolute poverty (D) Unemployment
420. The German Geographer who is well known for his extensive field of research in South America and for
his emphasis the interrelationship between people, plants and animals within specific physical setting is
A. Luther Matthews B. Alexander Von Humboldt C. Karl Ritter D. Morris Devin
421. Which of the following was mainly responsible for the emergence of Applied Geography as a respectable
science in the latter part of the 19th century?
A. the philosophy of environmental possiblism C. the division of geography into various branch of study
B. the emergence of regional geography D. the quantitative Revolutions
422. Which of the following definitions of the term "Geography" was provided by ancient Greeks?
A. the study of earth and heavenly bodies
B. A systematic, organized and experimented body of knowledge about the earth
C. A description of the earth
D. A branch of science that studies the spatial variation of phenomena on the earth's surface.
423. Which of the following statements about environmental determinism is NOT correct?
A. it expressed the view that human activities are controlled by the physical environments
B. it is a philosophy that traces back its origin to the ideas of ancient Greek and Roman Scholars.
C. it views human beings as active agents in their relationship with the physical environments
D. it was an ideas that dominated the thinking of many leading 18th &19th century geographers
424. All of the following rightly characterize the upper course of a river except
A. deep and narrow valleys with v-shaped C. fast flowing rivers
B. braided streams D. formation of interlocking spurs
425. The greatest proportion of the African landmass is made up of
A. plateau B. Mountain and Hills C. Valleys D. Low lying plains
426. Which of the following methods of soil conservation is meant mainly to reduce wind erosion?
A. Terracing B. Strip cultivation C. Shelter- belt plantations D. check dam
427. In which of the following rivers basin is Africa's is Africa's largest artificial lake found?
A. Congo B. Niger C. Nile D. Volta
428. Which of the following lakes of Africa is a rift valley lakes?
A. Lake Turkana B. Lake Chad C. Lake Tana D. Lake Victoria
429. Which one of the following are the three most populous countries in Africa?
A. Congo Democratic Republic, Nigeria and Sudan C. Nigeria, Egypt, Congo Democratic Republic
B. Nigeria, Egypt, Ethiopia D. Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa
430. Which of the following terms best explains the planting of trees in areas where there was no original forest cover?
A. Reforestation B. Afforestation C. Agro forestry D. Social forestry
431. All of the following rivers belongs to the same drainage system Africa except the
A. Zambezi B. Wabeshabelle C. Nile D. Jubba
432. The highest mountain and the lower depression in Africa are found in and respectively?
A. Ethiopia and Egypt B. Tanzania and Egypt C. Tanzania and Ethiopia D. Tanzania and Djibouti
433. All of the following correctly characterized the equatorial climate except
A. low sun angle throughout the year C. high daily and low annual range of temperature
B. high mean monthly and mean annual temperature D. ratio falling throughout the year
434. The drainage system of Africa with the largest catchment area, annual discharge and drainage density is the
A. Atlantic ocean drainage system C. Mediterranean drainage system
B. Indian drainage system D. Inland drainage system
435. A natural resource management practice which integrates the planting of tree into farming so as to
provide fruit, forage shelter for animals is
A. Agro forestry B. Social forestry C. Afforestation D. Urban forestry
442 The region in Africa that has the largest number of land locked countries is.
A. North Africa B. East Africa C. South Africa D. West Africa
443. A small ditch dug along sloppy areas to reduce the impact of the down slope surface flow is_
A. Terracing B. Contour ploughing C. Strip cultivation D. check dams
444. Which of the following terms is used to explain the process by which the Sahara encroaches upon arable
land as the soils lose their ability to retain moisture?
A. Stalinizations B. Laterisations C. desertification D. Degrading
445. Which of the following continents is crossed by the tropic of cancer, tropic of Capricorn, the equator and
the Prime meridian?
A. Africa B. Asia C. South America D. Australia
446. In which of the following countries is the northern most tip of the Mediterranean type of climate?
A. Northern & Southern Africa C. Eastern & Southern Africa
B. Northern & Western Africa D. Central & Southern Africa
447. Where in Africa do tropical rain forests develop?
A. In area that have high temperature and high rainfalls throughout the year.
B. In low lands that have dry winters and wet summers
C. On high lands that are located across the path of moist trade winds
D. Along the banks the major rivers of tropical areas
448. In which of the following areas of Africa is wind the major agent of erosion
A. the savanna grass land B. tropical rain forest C. the Sahel region D. the east African high lands
449. Which of the following is not among the typical characteristics of drought resistant plants?
A. spongy leaves, stems, roots and fruits C. Long roots and thorny leaves
B. producing seeds that lie dormant for several years D. leaves that are typical broad in size & a lot in numbers
450. Which of the following mountains of Africa is the oldest fold mountain in Africa?
A. the Cape Range B. Mount Kilimanjaro C. Atlas Mountain D. mount Ras Dashen
451. One of the following Does not characterized the east African rift valley
A. bounded by steep escarpments C. Frequent earth tremors like earth quake and landslide
B. absence of active volcanoes D. a number of structural basins occupying the floor
452. Which of the following is correct about the region of Africa?
A. Southern Africa is the most populous C. Western Africa has the largest populous density
B. eastern Africa is the largest in terms of its territorial size D. Central Africa has the lowest population density
453. Winds that carry moisture from the Atlantic and Indian Ocean thereby resulting in heavy rainfall in the
West African coast areas, the Ethiopians highlands, and eastern Madagascar?
A. Equatorial westerly B. Southeast trade winds C. Northeast trade winds D. A & B
454. Which of the following factors does not strongly contribute to rapid deforestation in Africa?
A. Accelerated urbanization C. expansion of educational services
B. wide spread poverty D. over harvesting of trees
455. Why is Africa's rate of natural increase the highest in the world?
A. the wide availability of food and medicine
B. the wide spread practice of the marriage
C. the presence of high birth rate and declining mortality rate
D. the prevalence of high rate of net in migration into the continents
456. Which of the following is not a factor behind the prevalence of high fertility rates in Africa?
A. economic growth and rising standard of living
B. the low status of women in Africa's societies
C. the low rate of contraceptive use in Africa
D. the fact that children needed to work on the land
457. What are the main pressure belts that affect the climate of Africa?
A. north east and southeast trade C. the equatorial westerlies and easterlies
B. the equatorial high and subtropical lows D. subtropical high and equatorial low
459 Which of the following is the most important regulator of the distribution of rain fall in Africa?
A. the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone C. Ocean Current
B. Mid latitude High Pressure Belts D. The guinea monsoon
460. Why is the savanna region in Africa often referred to as the zone of transitions?
A. It is located between the wettest and driest climatic zones of the continents
B. It is located between the tropical desert and semi-desert of the continents
C. It is located between the northern and southern desert climatic zones
D. It is located between the northern and southern extreme of the continents
461. African economy is characterizes by
A. A high integrate of primary and secondary sectors C. production of raw materials primarily for export
B. A domination by the traditional subsistence activities D. "B" and "C" are answer
462. Which of the following statements about the population of Africa is not correct?
A. Africa is the second most populas in the world
B. Roughly about 1 billion people live in Africa
C. The population growth rate is the fastest in the world
D. Africa's population has the longest doubling time in the world
463. Which of the following scan NOT is a reason for the low level of development of irrigation in African agriculture?
A. Lack of technology and capital C. Scarcity of water resource and irrigable land
B. Lack of skilled human resources D. Conflict and political unrest
464. Africa has a high birth rate which is believed to be the highest even be the standards of developing countries mainly due to:
A. The emerging economic growth which needed more labor
B. public policy that give diverse allowance for more children
C. political instability and wars that increased demand for able bodied fighters
D. cultural practice that associate children with virility.
465. What do you understand by the concept of "economic growth" ?
A. it is a measure of welfare of human beings in certain state
B. it is more or less the same as the concept "economic development"
C. it is a measure of the value of output goods and service within a given period of time
D. it is a measure of growth in employment in the productive sector in economy.
466. Which of the following statements about the philosophy of environmental determinism is NOT correct?
A. Ii strongly influenced geographic thoughts until the early 20th century
B. It supports the views that human beings are the master of the environments
C. its founding ideas were laid down by Greek and Romans philosophers
D. it advocates the view that the physical environment control human activities.
467. Which of the following statements about geography is Not Correct?
A. Geography is an interdisciplinary science
B. The scope and definition of Geography has remained static
C. the spatial and temporal distribution of phenomena is the core domain of geography
D. geography shares a wide range of information with the social and natural sciences
468. A cliff is indicated in a topographic map by
A. evenly spaced contours C. crossing contours
B. widely spaced contours D. closely spaced contours
472. Which of the following factors best explains why the south western coastal areas of Africa are generally cool and dry?
A. their altitudinal location C. the proximity to the Kalahari desert
B. the latitudinal location D. effects of Benguela current
473. Which of the following best explains why Africa has 40% of the world's hydro-electric power potential?
A. the fact that Africa is rich in water resource
B. the steep profile of upper and middle courses of most African rivers
C. the fact that Africa has some of the longest rivers in the world
D. The fact that a good part of Africa receives very high annual rainfall
474. One of the following statements about the ITCZ is NOT correct?
A. It is a region of rising air and high pressure near the equator
B. Areas near the ITCZ experiences high rain fall
C. it is a region rising air and low pressure near the equator
D. it is a low pressure center which controls the direction of winds
475. Which of the following drainage system of Africa has only a single main river basin?
A. The Indian Ocean drainage system C. the Atlantic ocean drainage system
B. the Mediterranean Sea drainage system D. the closed (inland) drainage system
476.
 477. The main global pressure belts that affects the climate of Africa between 5 0 N and 50 latitude are the
A. horse latitude B. polar easterlies C. equatorial lows(doldrums) D. subtropical high
478. All of the following geological events took place in Africa during the Paleozoic era EXCEPT
A. denudation B. orogenesis C. peneplanation D. formation of coal
479. Which one of the following combinations of the names of rivers and the dams built on them is not correct?
A. White Nile--------- high Aswan dam C. Volta ---------------- Akosombo dam
B. Zambezi------------- Kariba dam D. Congo -------------- Inga I & II
480. The Mangrove Vegetation of Africa are well adapted to all of the following areas EXCEPT
A. coastal area of east Africa C. the Bale mountain of Ethiopia
B. the eastern shore of the Indian ocean D. deltaic mouth and flood plain of African rivers
481. Desert plants uses all of the following mechanism of adoption to withstand the desert environment EXCEPT
A. deep roots C. waxy needle shaped leaves
B. spongy leaves, stems, roots and fruits D. Broad leaves
482. One of the following soils of Africa becomes very sticky during wet seasons and crack severely during
dry seasons thereby making farming a very laborious activity
A. Vertisols B. Calcisols C. Fluvisols D. Solonchak
483. Which one of the following statements about the Mediterranean type of climate is correct?
A. its average annual rainfall does not exceed 200mms
B. it has dry summers and wet winters
C. it is confined to the Maghreb region of North Africa
D. it is found in the northern and southern tips of Africa
484. Which of the following statements about the tropical monsoon climatic region of Africa in is not correct?
A. it receive heavy rainfall throughout the year
B. its temperature remains high throughout the year
C. it‘s found only in the southern part of the continents
D. winter is the wettest season of the region
485. During which period of the geologic time scale did the land in the eastern part of Africa remains under the sea?
A. The Jurassic period C. The cretaceous period
B. The Triassic period D. The Triassic &Cretaceous period
486. One of the following countries is NOT within the Sahel Zone of Africa
A. Mali B. Chad C. Gabon D. Niger
487. A branch of geography that studies the long term atmospheric condition of a given place is .
A. Metrology B. Geomorphology C. Atmospherology D. Climatology
488. Which of the following is NOT a product of the Quantative Revolution in geography?
A. increased use of statistical methods in geography
B. Increased use of descriptive methods in the study of regional geography
C. growing interest in the use of computers in geographic research
D. the emergence of a more profound scientific thinking in geography
489. Which of the following statements is correct?
A. According to the school of environmental possibilism, human beings are under the influence of the
natural environment.
B. Environmental determinism focuses on the impacts of human beings on the physical environment.
C. Proprents of environmental possibilism believes that there is a linear relationship between people and
the natural environments.
D. Environmental determinist consider human beings as passive agents influenced by physical factors.
491.The trees in Savanna region of Africa survive the dry season by using all EXCEPT one
A. Having short root C. Having small number of leaves
B. Shedding their leaves D. have thorny leaves
492. Wild animals that are killed for sport are known as
A. Common wild animal B. Endangered animals C. Game animals D. Endemic animals
493. During which geologic time scales was the Hintalo limestone formed?
A. Triassic period B. Jurassic period C. Tertiary period D. Cretaceous period
494. is a control of climate with a pronounced influence on the climate of the East African
highlands
A. Altitude B. Ocean currents C. Latitude D. Distance from the sea
495. Xerophytes plants are commonly found in areas where there is
 A. high diurnal range of temperature B. abundant humidity C. moisture stress D. reliable rainfall
496. One of the following is a soil conservation measure
A. Over cultivation B. slash and burn C. Terracing D. use of tractors for cultivation
497. The Northern and Eastern extreme points are and respectively.
A. Cape Agulhas and Cape Verde C. Cape Bon and Cape Guardafui
B. Cape Verde and Cape Agulhas D. Cape Auardafi and Cape Bon
498. In which area was Africa's volcanic and young fold mountains formed?
A. Precambrian B. Paleozoic C. Mesozoic D. Cenozoic
499. Which of the following correctly characterizes the East African Rift Valley?
A. Has numerous active and dormant volcanoes C. great elevation difference
B. Diversified agro ecological climatic zone D. many structural basins in its floor
500. Which one of the following continents has territories in all the four hemispheres of the earth?
A. Asia B. Australia C. South America D. Africa
501. What do you understand by the concept of leaching?
A. the erosion of soil by water
B. the removal of soluble minerals from soil by water passing through it
C. the removal of nutrients from top soil by continuous cultivation
D. decrease in the productivity of soils due to over cropping
502. Which of the geologic eras is known for the predominance of reptiles?
A. Precambrian era B. Paleozoic era C. Mesozoic era D. Cenozoic era
503. Which of the following activities could accelerates soil degradations
A. Mulching B. Agro forestry C. Contour plowing D. Continuous cultivation
504. One of the following affects the angles at which the sun's rays touch the earth
A. Air pressure B. Prevailing winds C. Latitudinal location D. Distance from the sea
505. What does natural increase denote in population studies?
A. difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants
B. difference between the number of births and the number of deaths
C. sum of the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants
D. sum of the number of births and the number of deaths
506. Which one of the following is the pull factor of migration?
A. Resource scarcity B. employment opportunities C. low income D. population pressure
507. is development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability
of the future generation to meet their own needs
A. Economic Growth B. Economic Development C. Socio economic growth D. sustainable development
508. One of the following is Not characteristics of the population of a country that has low median age?
A. A predominantly young population C. A high dependency ratio
B. A narrow based population pyramid D. A low level economic development
509. The term "economic growth" is used to describe
A. the increase in the total wealth of the country
B. the growth in structural and technological change
C. the improvement made in service provision & living condition
D. the qualitative change in the welfare of human beings
510. One of the following factors is Not directly associated with the low GDP per capita of African countries
A. their very low level of national wealth C. their decaling life expectancy
B. their growing problem of brain drain D. their high population growth rates
511. represents the earth's life sphere.
A. The bio sphere B. The anthroposphere C. The ionosphere D. the troposphere
512. Which one of the following is the geographical approaches is most appropriate for the study of the
interaction between biophysical and socio-economic phenomena in a particular area ?
A. Regional approach B. Topical approach C. systematic approach D. Thematic approac
513. is a soil conservation method that involves the covering of the soil with
plant residue toconserve soil moisture and regain soil fertility
A. Crop rotation B. Fallowing C. Mulching D. green manure

514. Which of the following is correct about the geologic history of the horn of Africa?
A. the geologic events of the tertiary period resulted in the outpouring of huge quantities of basaltic lava
 B. The thickness and age of Adigrat sandstone progressively increase from the southeast to the northwest
C. the Paleozoic era is known for the predominance of reptiles
D. Most of sedimentary rocks in the horn of Africa were formed during the Precambrian era.
515. Which major geological events took place in Africa during Paleozoic era?
A. Denudation B. Mineralization of rocks C. Extensive lava flows D. Orogenesis
516. Which one of the following Africa countries is outside the rift valley area?
A. Mozambique B. Malawi C. Sudan D. Burundi
517. Which one of the following is Not among the domains of geographic information system(GIS)?
A. Data discussion B. Data manipulation
C. Data storage and management D. Data analysis and presentation
518. In which of the following area in Africa is wind a dominant agent of soil erosion?
A. The Sahel region B. The tropical rain forest C. The east African highlands D. none
519. All of the following are factors that influence the process of soil formation except one?
A. Climate B. Over grazing C. Organisms D. Parent material
520. In which region of Africa is the Atlas Mountain found?
A. Eastern Africa B. Western Africa C. Southern Africa D. Northern Africa
521.Which of the following not a major cause of drought in Africa?
A. increasing human livestock populations
B. unwise use of natural resource
C. increased use of commercial fertilizer and improved seeds
D. expansion of farm land & settlement
522. Which one of the following activities could accelerate soil degradation?
A. Mulching B. Intercropping C. Contour plowing D. Intensive cultivations
523. The relative proportion of male and female population is expressed by
A. Dependency ratio B. Economic ratio C. Age structure D. Sex structure
524. What is the most likely cause for low level of economic development in many African countries?
A. poor natural resource endowment C. Political instability &poor governance
B. High population pressure D. High mean annual temperatures
525. Which one of the following is among the main reasons for the high death rate of the African population?
A. Malnutrition C. Improved health service
B. Low level of poverty D. Widespread use of contraceptive
526. Which indicator best describes the difference between immigration and emigration
A. Rate of Migration B. Net Migration C. Gross Migration D. Total Migration
527. Which one of the following better describes the difference between economic growth and economic development?
A. Economic growth is an indicator of structural and technological change.
B. Economic development is one aspect of economic growth.
C. Economic growth is a measure of the amount of goods and services produced.
D. Economic growth measures the welfare of society.
528. is an indicator of development which describes the total values of goods and services produced in
a country in a specific period of time.
A. GNP B. GNI C. PCI D. GDP
529. is a push factor that likely causes rural-rural population migration in Africa
A. Infrastructure development B. employment C. Natural disaster D. improved housing
530. Which one of the following climatic regions of Africa has the main impact of the warm
MozambiqueOcean current on temperature and rainfall conditions?
A. Equatorial/Tropical climate C. Alpine/Afro - Alpine climate
B. Tropical maritime climate D. Tropical Desert climate
531. Which one of the following climatic regions of Africa characterized by a hot, sunny, bright, and dry summer season?
A. Alpine/Afro - Alpine climate C. Tropical Desert climate
B. Tropical Desert climate D. Mediterranean climate
532. Which one of the following major river of the Atlantic Ocean Drainage System is the largest in terms
of total annual discharge?
A. Congo River B. River Senegal. C. River Gambia. D. River Niger

533. Which one of the following African rivers is the longest and categorized under the Mediterranean Drainage System.
A. Amazon River B. Ghenalle river C. Nile River D. Congo river
 534. Which one of the following natural lakes of Africa is the deepest?
A. Chad. B. Malawi. C. Victoria. D. Tanganyika
535. Which one of the following parts of the equatorial rainforest is made up of tallest trees as tall as greater than 50 meters.
A. Middle canopy B. Upper canopy C. Bottom canopy D. None of the above
536. In Africa in particular and the world at large the vegetation which has the ability to resist the coldness due
to high altitude is called?
A Desert vegetation. B Tropical grassland. C. Afro Alpine vegetation. D. Mediterranean vegetation .
537. Which one of the following statements is NOT TRUE about the major reasons why people clear forests in Africa?
A. They clear the land for shifting cultivation agriculture purpose.
B. The need for land for permanent agricultural practice.
C. Their use of forests as a main source of energy/fuel wood.
D. The substitution of forest by metal as a source of input for industries.
538. The southern branch of Pangaea consists all of the following landmasses, except?
A. North America. B. South America. C. Africa. D. Australia
539. Which one of the following geographic terms clearly expresses to the mountain –Forming process
A. Epeirogenecy. B. Orogenecy. C. Denudation. D. Peneplation.
540. The geological event formation of Adigrat sandstone during the Mesozoic era is belonging to which one of the following periods?
A. Cretaceous. B. Jurassic. C. Quaternary. D. Triassic.
541. The present very high volcanic mountains, the extensive plateaus, the plains and
Drainage basins of Africa were all formed as a result of the series of geologic events of:
A. Cenozoic era. B. Precambrian era. C. Paleozoic era. D. Mesozoic era.
542. Africa has the highest fertility rate in the world. Birth rates are high in Africa because of the following factors, EXCEPT?
A. Low status of women. C. High educational background of women in Africa.
B. Less access to contraceptive method. D. Considering children as a symbol of virility
543. Africa has the highest mortality rate in the world. Death rates are high in Africa because of the following factors, EXCEPT?
A. Low access to health facilities. C. High standard of living of the population.
B. Poor sanitary practices. D. High incidence of disease and infections.
544. Which one of the following characteristics of a population is TRUE about the consequences of high fertility Rate?
A. Slow Population Growth. C. High Median Age.
B. High Dependency Ratio. D. High Economic Development.
545. The classic triangular shaped/broad based and narrow top population pyramid indicates all of the
following, but one?
A. High age dependency ratio that results low living standard of the given country.
B. High fertility rate and as a result rapid population growth of the given country.
C. The predominance of young age population of the given country.
D. High economic development which outcomes low mortality of the given country.
546. One of the following is different among the others.
A. Low employment opportunities. C. High standard of living.
B. Low wage and social problems. D. Hostile climatic condition.
547. Which one of the following is NOT TRUE about the characteristics the transitional zone of savanna?
A. High angle of the sun throughout the year which results high temperature and rainfall year round.
B. Progressive decline in total annual rainfall, north and south wards.
C. It annual rainfall ranging between 500 and 1,500 mm.
D. Temperature is relatively lower in its Southern and eastern sections, due to higher altitudes.
548. Ethiopia experiences overhead sun twice in a year. This particular feature could be attributed due to its:
A. Geological location B. Astronomical location C. Vicinal location D. Geological and Vicinal location
549. Which of the following countries of the Horn of Africa does not have an outlet to the sea?
A. Eritrea B. Ethiopia C. Djibouti D. Somalia
B. Large amount of arable land. D. Lack of finance to construct infrastructure facilities.
550. Africa has the following positional features, except?
A. It has almost equal north – south and east – west extents.
B. The equator crosses Africa at its most southern.
C. Africa crossed by both tropic of Cancer and Capricorn
D. 3/4th of the Africa‘s total area is found within the tropics.