Expected Theoretical & Numerical Questions for Upcoming Exam

(Chapter-wise)

Based on previous years' trends, here are the most probable theoretical and numerical
questions that might appear in the exam.

1. Electric Charges and Fields

Theoretical Questions:

1.​ State Gauss’s Law and use it to derive the electric field due to a uniformly
charged spherical shell.
2.​ Derive an expression for the electric field due to an electric dipole at a point on
its axial and equatorial lines.
3.​ Define electric flux and write its SI unit. How does it change when the Gaussian
surface is changed?
4.​ Draw the electric field lines for (i) an electric dipole, (ii) a uniformly charged
spherical shell.

Numericals:

1.​ Find the magnitude of the force between two charges 5 μC and -3 μC separated
by a distance of 10 cm in air.
2.​ A point charge of +10 μC is placed at the center of a cube of side 20 cm. Find
the net electric flux through the cube.
3.​ Calculate the electric field at a distance of 5 cm from a charge of 4 × 10⁻⁶ C in
vacuum.

2. Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Theoretical Questions:

1.​ Derive an expression for the electrostatic potential due to a point charge at a
distance ‘r’.
2.​ Explain the working of a capacitor and derive the formula for the capacitance
of a parallel plate capacitor.
3.​ State and explain the principle of a Van de Graaff generator.
4.​ Derive the formula for energy stored in a charged capacitor.

Numericals:
 1.​ Two capacitors of 4 μF and 6 μF are connected in series to a 12V battery. Find
the equivalent capacitance and charge on each capacitor.
2.​ A parallel plate capacitor with air as dielectric has capacitance 10 μF. When a
dielectric of relative permittivity 5 is inserted, find the new capacitance.
3.​ Find the work done in bringing a charge of 2 μC from infinity to a point 10 cm
away from a charge of 5 μC.

3. Current Electricity
Theoretical Questions:

1.​ Derive the relation between current and drift velocity.

2.​ State and explain Kirchhoff’s laws. Use them to solve a Wheatstone bridge
circuit.
3.​ Explain the working of a potentiometer and its applications.
4.​ Derive the formula for equivalent resistance when resistors are connected in
parallel.

Numericals:

1.​ A copper wire has a resistance of 10 Ω at 20°C. If its temperature coefficient is

0.00393/°C, find its resistance at 50°C.
2.​ A 12V battery with internal resistance 2Ω is connected to a 4Ω resistor. Find
the current and terminal voltage.
3.​ Three resistors of 3Ω, 6Ω, and 9Ω are connected in parallel. Find the equivalent
resistance.

4. Moving Charges and Magnetism

Theoretical Questions:

1.​ State and explain Ampere’s Circuital Law. Use it to derive the magnetic field
inside a solenoid.
2.​ Explain Biot-Savart’s Law and derive the expression for the magnetic field due
to a circular loop.
3.​ Explain the principle and working of a moving coil galvanometer.
4.​ Derive the formula for the force between two parallel current-carrying
conductors.

Numericals:

1.​ Find the force per unit length between two parallel wires carrying 10A and 20A,
separated by 5 cm in air.
 2.​ A circular loop of radius 10 cm carries a current of 5A. Find the magnetic field
at its center.
3.​ A charged particle moves with velocity 10⁶ m/s perpendicular to a magnetic
field of 0.5T. Find the force acting on the charge if q = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C.

5. Magnetism and Matter

Theoretical Questions:

1.​ State Gauss’s Law for Magnetism. Why are there no magnetic monopoles?
2.​ What is magnetic susceptibility? How is it related to relative permeability?
3.​ Explain the difference between paramagnetic, diamagnetic, and ferromagnetic
materials.

Numericals:

1.​ A bar magnet of length 10 cm has a magnetic moment of 4 × 10⁻² A·m². Find the
magnetic field at a point on its axial line 20 cm away from its center.
2.​ Calculate the intensity of magnetization if the magnetic susceptibility of a
material is 0.5 and the applied field is 500 A/m.

6. Electromagnetic Induction
Theoretical Questions:

1.​ State and explain Lenz’s Law. How does it relate to the conservation of energy?
2.​ Derive an expression for the mutual inductance of two long coaxial solenoids.
3.​ Define self-inductance and derive an expression for the energy stored in an
inductor.

Numericals:

1.​ A coil of 200 turns has a magnetic flux of 2 × 10⁻³ Wb when a current of 4A
flows through it. Find the self-inductance of the coil.
2.​ The current in a coil changes from 5A to 2A in 0.1s. If the self-inductance is 3H,
find the induced EMF.

7. Alternating Current
Theoretical Questions:
 1.​ Derive an expression for the impedance of a series LCR circuit.
2.​ What is the power factor? How does it affect power consumption in AC
circuits?
3.​ Explain the principle and working of a transformer.

Numericals:

1.​ Find the RMS value of an alternating current given by I = 10 sin(100πt).

2.​ A transformer has 2000 turns in the primary and 100 turns in the secondary. If
the input voltage is 220V, find the output voltage.

8. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Theoretical Questions:

1.​ Derive the mirror formula 1/f = 1/v + 1/u for a concave mirror.
2.​ Derive the lens maker’s formula.
3.​ Explain total internal reflection and its applications.

Numericals:

1.​ A concave mirror has a focal length of 20 cm. An object is placed 30 cm in

front of it. Find the position and nature of the image.
2.​ An equilateral glass prism has a refractive index of 1.6. Find the angle of
minimum deviation.

9. Wave Optics
Theoretical Questions:

1.​ State Huygens' principle and use it to explain reflection of light.

2.​ Derive an expression for the width of the central maxima in single-slit
diffraction.

Numericals:

1.​ A double-slit experiment is conducted with light of wavelength 500 nm. The
fringe width is 0.5 mm. Find the slit separation.
2.​ In Young’s double-slit experiment, the distance between slits is 1 mm and
screen is 1 m away. If light of 600 nm is used, find the fringe width.
10. Electromagnetic Waves
Theoretical Questions:

1.​ Write Maxwell’s equations and explain their significance.

2.​ Explain the production and applications of microwaves, infrared, and X-rays.

Numericals:

1.​ Calculate the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave of frequency 3 × 10⁹ Hz in

a vacuum.

These questions cover the most frequently asked concepts and numericals. Focus on these
to maximize your chances of scoring high!