International Islamic University Islamabad

Faculty of Engineering and Technology

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN LAB

Experiment No. 1: Familiarization of Digital Logic Design Lab Instruments

Name of Student: …………………………………..

Roll No.: ……………………………………………

Section: …………………………………………….

Date of Experiment: ………………………………..

Experiment No. 1: Familiarization of Digital Logic Design Lab Instruments Page 1

Objectives:
• To learn the usage of tools / instruments related to experiments in Digital Electronics
Laboratory.
Equipment Required:
• Breadboard
• Digital Trainer
• Digital Multi-meter (DMM)
• Logic Probe [Qty=1]
• Digital Trainer (IDL-800) or equivalent
• IC: 7404 hex inverter [Qty = 1]
Theory:
Breadboard:
A breadboard is used to make up temporary circuits for testing or to try out an idea. It is used
for rapid prototyping. No soldering is required so it is easy to change connections and replace
components. Parts will not be damaged so they will be available to re-use afterwards. When
building digital circuits using integrated circuit "chips", it is highly recommended that you use a
breadboard with power supply "rail" connections along the length. These are sets of holes in the
breadboard that are electrically common along the entire length of the board (horizontal
connections). Connect one to the positive terminal of the power supply, and the other to the
negative terminal, and DC power will be available to any area of the breadboard (vertical
connections) via connection through short jumper wires as shown in Figure 1.1.

Figure 1.1: Connecting IC in Breadboard and its power supply connections

Always insert an IC into breadboard keeping the notch/dot (Pin 1) on the left side. See Figure
1.2 for the pin configuration of an IC.

Figure 1.2: Pin number distribution of DIP package ICs

Experiment No. 1: Familiarization of Digital Logic Design Lab Instruments Page 2

 The DIP (Dual in-line Package) ICs have legs that come out of both sides and fit perfectly over
to the separating space of breadboard. Since each leg on the IC is unique, we don’t want both sides
to be connected to each other. That is where the separation in the middle of the board comes in
handy. Thus, we can connect components to each side of the IC without interfering with the
functionality of the leg on the opposite side.
Power Supply:
All active electronic devices, such as the integrated circuits used in digital electronics, require
stable source of dc voltage to function properly. The power supply provides the proper level of dc
voltage. It is very important that the correct voltage be set before connecting it to the ICs on your
board or permanent damage can result. The power supply at your benchmark has more than one
output and normally will have a built-in meter to set the voltage. For nearly all the circuits in this
manual, the power supply should be set to +5.0V. When testing a faulty circuit, one of the first checks
is to verify that the supply voltage is correct.
Digital Multimeter (DMM):
The DMM is a multipurpose measuring instrument that combines in one instrument the
characteristics of a dc and ac voltmeter, a dc and ac ammeter, and an ohmmeter. The DMM
indicates the measured quantity as a digital number, avoiding the necessity to interpret the scales
as was necessary on older instruments.
The voltmeter function of a DMM can measure either ac or dc volts. For digital work, the dc volts
function is always used to verify that the dc supply voltage is correct and to check steady-state logic
levels. If you are checking a power supply, you can verify that there is no ac component in the supply
voltage by selecting the ac function. With ac voltage selected, the reading of a power supply should
be very close to zero. Except for a test like this, the ac voltage function is not used in digital work.
Logic Probe:
A logic probe is a low cost test equipment for digital circuits. As the name indicates, a logic
probe is used for probing and analyzing logic circuits. A logic probe is shown in Figure 1.3.

Figure 1.3: Logic Probe

A logic probe normally may be capable of indicating up to four different states:

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Logic high: If the logic circuit is at a logic 1 or digital high voltage, the logic probe will indicate this
through red color LED.
Logic low: Again the logic probe will indicate a logic 0 or digital low. The most common color for
this is green.
Pulses: The logic probe is likely to incorporate a pulse detection circuit. When the line is active a third
color, possibly yellow will be indicated. The logic probe may well incorporate circuitry to detect very short
pulses and in this way indicate when the line is active. Sometimes the length of the pulses may be
indicated by the brightness of the LED.
Line tri-stated: Often it is possible for lines to be tri-stated, i.e. the output device has its output
turned off and no real state is defined. Many logic probes are able to indicate this state by having all
indicators turned off.
Lab Task:
a. Use a digital multimeter (DMM) to measure a specified dc voltage from the power supply.
b. Verify NOT gate truth table using probe and Digital Trainer available in Lab. Record your results
in Table 1.1 :

Table 1.1

Input Output

Introduction to the Simulation tool (Proteus)

Proteus 8.9 Professional SP0 will be used to demonstrate the steps; however, steps should also
apply to other versions of Proteus 8.
Contents:
1. Creating a file
2. Interface
3. Collecting Parts
4. Connecting a Circuit
5. Running the Simulator
6. Saving and Exporting

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 1. Creating a File:

After installing Proteus and activating your license, you will be met with a page similar to that shown
below:

“Getting Started” & “Help”: Some useful guides can be found here, but they tend to be wordy
and filled with jargon. It is advised to avoid them.

“Start” \ “Recent Projects”: Here you will find the projects that you opened last. This section
will be empty if you just installed Proteus.

“News”: This section will contain news about your current license, recent versions of the software,
and links to basic video tutorials that you might find helpful.

To create a new project, follow the steps below:

1. Click on “New Project” under the “Start” header in the home page:

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 The “New Project Wizard” window will now open.
2. Choose a name and file-path for your project:

Then click “Next”.

3. Select the Schematic Design:

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 Unless certain dimensions are required (for printing or otherwise), “DEFAULT”
will suffice. Click “Next”.

4. Select the PCB Layout:

PCB design will not be included in this guide. Select “Do not create a PCB layout” and click
“Next”.

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5. Select Firmware:

Editing source code is beyond the scope of this guide, select “No Firmware Project” and click
“Next”.

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 6. Summary page:

You should now see a summary of all your previous selections. If any mistakes were made,
you can click “Back” and correct them.
Click “Finish” to open the Schematic Capture module and begin working on your project.
Alternatively: Creating a new project can be done by clicking “Ctrl” + “N” or from the “File” menu in
the menu bar, then follow steps 2 through 6.

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2. Interface:

The Schematic Capture interface is split into four main parts, the Menu and Module bars on top,
the Sidebar on the left-hand side, the Root sheet in the center, and the Simulation Control bar at
the bottom.
Our circuits will be shown on the Root sheet, whereas most of our work will be done

using the Sidebar. Module Bar:

1. New Project 6. Zoom in 11. Cut

2. Open Project 7. Zoom out 12. Copy
3. Save Project 8. Zoom to View 13. Paste
4. Close Project Sheet 14. Pick Parts
5. Center at 9. Undo
Cursor 10. Redo

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Sidebar:

Note: letter “S” before a number will indicate a button on the Sidebar. Thus, S12 refers to the “Device
Picker” button on the Sidebar. Some modes were skipped as they are not needed in the
Microcontrollers Lab course.

3. Collecting Parts:

In this part, we will prepare all the parts needed for our experiment. Experiment two will be used
to demonstrate the steps.
0. Identify the needed parts:
Usually, all needed chips for a certain experiment are listed in its document. Try searching
following ICs :
✓ 7410 TRIPLE 3-INPUT NAND GATE
✓ 7427 TRIPLE 3-INPUT NOR GATE
✓ 7404 HEX INVERTER,
✓ 7400 QUADRUPLE 2-INPUT NAND GATE
✓ 7402 QUADRABLE 2-INPUT NOR GATE
✓ 74283 4-BIT BINARY ADDER
”

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1. Open the Part Picker :

2. After the “Pick Devices” window has appeared, begin writing keywords for the part you are
looking for:

Click “OK” to add the part to your list of components.

3. Repeat step 2 for all other components while making sure that all components have
“Simulator Model(s)”.
If “No Simulator Model” is not written, then it is assumed that there is a simulator model
for the selected component.
4. Now we add other required components such as: Switches, LEDs, Clock, etc.
Inputs: The two most common input components are “LOGICTOGGLE” and “SW-SPDT”
(Single Pole Double Throw) and can be added from “Device Picker”. There are no practical
differences between them.

“LOGICTOGGLE” “SW-SPDT”

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 Output Indicators: The two most common output indicators are “LOGICPROBE” and
“LED-[color]”. Again, no practical differences exist between them.
“LOGICPROBE” “LED-RED”

Clocks: The most common clocks are “CLOCK” (obtained from “Device Picker”) and
the different pulse generators found in the “Generator Mode” (S4) in the sidebar. No
practical differences.
“CLOCK” Generators:
“PULSE” “DCLOCK” “DPULSE”

Power & Ground: The power and ground terminals can be found in the Terminals
Mode (S3) in the Sidebar. Power will equal logic 1 and ground will equal logic 0.
Power Ground

4. Connecting a Circuit:

Once we have all the needed parts listed in Component Mode we are ready to begin
constructing a circuit. In this part, a half-adder will be constructed using NOT gates and NOR
gates (from experiment two).
1. Click on a component’s name from the Component Mode, then click again on the
sheet.

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2. Repeat step 1 for all other components.

3. To wire the circuit, place the cursor at the end of a component, the cursor will then
turn green and a red box will appear around it as seen below.

Next, left-click and move the cursor to the node that the wire must be connected to.
The cursor will turn green and a red box will appear around it again. 14
 Lastly, wire the rest of the circuit as required.

4. For convenience, all inputs and outputs should be labeled (S6 can be used) as shown
below:

Alternatively: LED(s) can be used instead of logicprobe(s) and switches instead of

logictoggle(s) as shown below:

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5. Running the Simulator:
Perhaps the easiest part of this guide is running a simulation. Once all components are
connected, simply click the “Play” button at the bottom-left corner of the page.

The simulation will immediately begin, the logicprobe(s) will show “0” or “1” and the LED(s)
will appear to glow if on, as shown below:

To change the input of a logictoggle, click on the red circle next to it.

To change the input of a SW-SPDT, click on one of the red circles next to it.

For circuits that require clock pulses, double-click the clock after placing it on the sheet, a
window as that shown below, should appear, which will allow users to edit the frequency and
other properties of the clock pulses.

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Clocks should always be given a reference to avoid the “No model specified” error when
simulating.
Note: Editing cannot be done while the simulation is running. The simulation must be stopped
for any edit to be made.

6. Saving and Exporting:

A project can be saved by simply clicking on the save icon (M3) in the Module bar.
Proteus also allows users to export their projects to different formats such as PDF. This can
be done from the “Export Graphics” submenu in the “File” menu.

Miscellaneous Hints & Notes:

• If the “Proteus Demonstration version” is being used, a prompt saying “Saving is

disabled in demonstration version” will appear if the user tries to save. Hence, the
demonstration version should be avoided.
• Clocks should always be named to avoid an error.
• Edits cannot be made while the simulation is running. It must be stopped completely.
• It is advised to use LS (Low-power Schottky) or HC (High-speed CMOS) parts, as
other parts are simulated as if ideal, which can introduce errors and the outputs will
be indeterminate while simulating.
• Click the scroll wheel (on your mouse) to drag the plane, click again to stop dragging.
• The function keys (on your keyboard) can be used to complete some
Module bar operations: “F5”: Centers the sheet at your cursor (M5).
“F6”: Zoom in (M6).
“F7”: Zoom out (M7).
“F8”: Zoom to view entire sheet, and centers
at origin (M8). “F12”: Start simulation.
• Other useful shortcuts:
“-” and “+” on the number pad can be used to rotate clockwise (S7) and
counterclockwise (S8) respectively. “Ctrl” + “Z”: Undo (M9).
“Ctrl” + “Y”: Redo (M10)
“Ctrl” + “M”: X-mirror (S9).
“Ctrl” + “S”: Save (M3).
“P”: Pick Parts (S12).
• All shortcuts can be seen in the “Set Keyboard Mapping” window that is opened from
the “System” menu in the Menu bar. Shortcuts can also be mapped to keys of your
choosing.

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Most Sidebar oper

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