Name : DeenaThayalan K G Exp.

No : 07
Roll no : CB.EN.U4ECE23114 Exp. Title : Instrumentation Amplifier

1) POTENTIAL DIVIDER CIRCUIT :-

Fig.1 : Voltage divider to generate differential signal

Potentials at VC & VD :-
1) VC
𝑅𝐷2 + 𝑅𝐷3
𝑉𝐶 = 𝑉𝐴 ( )
𝑅𝐷1 + 𝑅𝐷2 + 𝑅𝐷3
101𝐾
= 𝑉𝐴 ( )
201𝐾
= (0.5025) ∗ 𝑉𝐴
2) VD
𝑅𝐷3
𝑉𝐷 = 𝑉𝐴 ( )
𝑅𝐷1 + 𝑅𝐷2 + 𝑅𝐷3
100𝐾
= 𝑉𝐴 ( )
201𝐾
= (0.4975) ∗ 𝑉𝐴

Potential Difference VCD :-

𝑉𝐶𝐷 = 5𝑚 ∗ 𝑉𝐴

Say VA = 10 V,

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2) INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER WITH POT. AT MIN. SETTING :-

Fig.2 Differential Mode circuit

Fig.3 Common Mode circuit

1) POTENTIAL AT VO ,
a) Differential Mode :-
𝑅13 𝑅11 + 𝑅21
𝑉𝑂 = 𝑉𝐶𝐷 ∗ ( ) (1 + )
𝑅12 2(𝑅1 + 𝑅2 )

Substituting given values,

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 200𝑘
𝑉𝑂 = 50𝑚 ∗ (1 + )
2(2𝐾)

= 5𝑚 ∗ 𝐴𝐶 ∗ 101

b) Common Mode :-
Since, 𝑉𝐶𝐷 = 0
For an ideal op-amp we should be getting VO = 0 as, the difference in the input is zero.

2) OUTPUT WAVEFORMS :-
a) VC

b) VD

c) VCD

Thus, it is quite clear that due to input non-inverting stage the loading effect problem that occurred in
difference amplifier is not found.

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 d) Differential mode VO

e) Common mode VO

3) CALCULATIONS :-

Differential mode gain,

𝑉𝑂 9.98599
𝐴𝐷 = = = 100.4 𝑉/𝑉
𝑉𝐶𝐷 99.46𝑚
Common mode gain,
𝑉𝑂 350µ
𝐴𝐶𝑀 = = = 34.8 µ𝑉/𝑉
𝑉𝐶 10.0453
Common Mode Rejection Ratio,
𝐴𝐷
𝐶𝑀𝑅𝑅 = 20 ∗ log ( )
𝐴𝐶𝑀
= 129.19 𝑑𝑏

Obtained Common mode gain is not zero and Differential gain is also not exactly 101 due to the
non-ideality of the op-amp. This led to the finite CMRR as-well.

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 4) OTHER CASES OF VA :-
VA
(in VC (pp) VCD (pp) VO (pp) CMRR
V) (in V) (in mV) (in V) AD ACM (in dB)
0.998
1 1.0037 9.938 35.05 µ 100.42 34.920 µ 129.175
1.997
2 2.0073 19.875 70.09 µ 100.47 34.917 µ 129.179
3.995
4 4.0147 39.749 140.17 µ 100.50 34.914 µ 129.183

3) INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER WITH POT. AT MAX. SETTING:-

Fig.4 Differential Mode circuit

Fig.5 Common Mode circuit

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 a) POTENTIAL AT VO ,
a) Differential Mode :-
𝑅13 𝑅11 + 𝑅21
𝑉𝑂 = 𝑉𝐶𝐷 ∗ ( ) (1 + )
𝑅12 2(𝑅1 + 𝑅2 )

Substituting given values,

200𝑘
𝑉𝑂 = 50𝑚 ∗ (1 + )
2(2𝐾 + 47𝐾)

= 5𝑚 ∗ 𝐴𝐶 ∗ 5.081

b) Common Mode :-
Since, 𝑉𝐶𝐷 = 0
For an ideal op-amp we should be getting VO = 0 as, the difference in the input is zero.

Here, we see that the differential gain reduced from 101 to 5 just by altering the potentiometer
setting to maximum.

b) OUTPUT WAVEFORMS :-
a) Differential mode VO

b) Common mode VO

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 c) CALCULATIONS :-

Differential mode gain,

𝑉𝑂 0.50463
𝐴𝐷 = = = 5.07 𝑉/𝑉
𝑉𝐶𝐷 99.46𝑚
Common mode gain,
𝑉𝑂 350.4 µ
𝐴𝐶𝑀 = = = 34.88 µ𝑉/𝑉
𝑉𝐶 10.0453
Common Mode Rejection Ratio,
𝐴𝐷
𝐶𝑀𝑅𝑅 = 20 ∗ log ( )
𝐴𝐶𝑀
= 103.25 𝑑𝑏

Obtained Common mode gain is not zero due to the non-ideality of the op-amp. This led to the
finite CMRR as-well.

INFERENCE :-

• By using instrumentation amplifier, we got very high input impedance for the signals.
• The first stage gives an additional gain rather than acting as a buffer circuit, thus
providing a cascaded gain at the output stage.
• By changing the potentiometer to maximum setting, we see a reduced differential gain
but it doesn’t affect the common mode gain as it was due to the non-ideality of the op-
amp and not the circuit parameter that we designed for.

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