Aim : To measure temperature using Thermistor by Analog Data

Acquisition using ELVIS II.

Apparatus : ELVIS II, 10k ohm resistor, wires, Digital Multimeter.

Theory :

Thermistor :
A thermistor is one of the resistors whose resistance varies with temperature. It consists
of semiconductor material and is employed in temperature measuring, controlling, and
compensating applications. The two types of thermistors are Negative Temperature
Coefficient (NTC) and Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC), where NTC thermistors
decrease in resistance as the temperature increases, whereas PTC thermistors
increase in resistance as the temperature rises.

Resistance of a Thermistor :
The electrical resistance a thermistor offers is referred to as the resistance of a
thermistor, and it changes with temperature. Thermistors are semiconductor devices,
and the resistance of thermistors is non-linear with temperature.

where, RT = Thermistor resistance at unknown temperature T(in Kelvin)

R0 =Resistance of thermistor at a known temperature T0 (in Kelvin)

β = Material constant

1
NTC Thermistor :
The NTC thermistor is a temperature-sensitive resistor whose resistance changes with
an increase in temperature. It is made from semiconductor materials and hence exhibits
a strong negative temperature coefficient property. NTC thermistors are widely used in
temperature sensing, thermal protection, and compensation circuits for their high
sensitivity and fast response. Precise and reliable temperature measurements can be
done using NTC thermistors in a wide range of industrial and commercial applications.

PTC Thermistor :
A PTC thermistor is a temperature-sensitive resistor whose resistance increases with
increasing temperature. It is made from polycrystalline ceramic or polymer materials,
which exhibit a sharp rise in resistance beyond a certain temperature threshold. PTC
thermistors are used in applications involving overcurrent protection, self-resetting
fuses, and temperature sensing due to their fast response and reliability. PTC
thermistors are widely used in safety and protection circuits due to their self-regulating
nature and durability.

2
Thermistor characteristics :

Circuit Diagram :

3
Procedure :
The temperature experiment uses the Variable Power Supply positive and negative
leads. The Voltage drop across the thermistor (Vmeas) can be measured from AI0.

1. Make the connections as shown in the above diagram in the NI Elvis II Proto-board.

2. Create a Blank VI in NI LABVIEW.

3. Right click on the block diagram window and choose input - DAQ Assistant (ELVIS

II) and build it to acquire signals –analog Input – Voltage – dev (NI Elvis II), ai(0-7).

Finish. as in hardware AI0 measures Vmeas.

4. A dialog box opens. Enter continuous samples. OK. Now builds DAQ.

5. At the output of DAQ connect a meter or any indicator. DAQ can measure voltage

levels in the range ±10V.

6. After building DAQ, a dialogue box asks whether a loop is to be created? Select YES.

7. Now make the hardware connections from VPS to AI0. Now run your VI, so that

whatever voltage you have applied will be read in the meter.

8. Now, make the connections on the breadboard as shown above. The measured

voltage is connected to AI0. Now your DAQ will measure Vmeas. Set 10V and 5V

in VPS and check the DAQ outputs.

9. Now built the logic for measuring resistance first using (1) and then temperature

using (2) with constant VPS value with the help of LAB VIEW library multipliers,

dividers, subtractors, and adders [Right click on this arithmetic input or output

terminals and choose in the drop-down menu create constant for input and indicator

for output]. To see the output; put the indicators in the front panel.

10. When constant VPS is used, automation won’t be possible. When you change the

4
 VPS voltage you should change the constant in the program. Otherwise, your VI

will show an error in measurement. You can verify this.

11. Now control the VPS automatically by replacing the constant value of VPS with

NI VPS available in the block diagram library – Measurement I/O – NI mx – NI

VPS. Built this in automatic mode. By changing its value, you can change the VPS

output in the board and thereby to the circuit. So whatever variable voltage you

given to the circuit, the temperature measured will be exact.

12. In the front panel, you can see the values of thermistor resistance and temperature.

13. Also built the same logic using Math Script and verify your results [block diagram

window – mathematics – MATLAB Script, Write the expression. Add inputs and

outputs and runs].

14. Now take a printout of both windows.

Mathematical Model of the thermistor :

5
Calculations :
Given values: • R₀ = 10 kΩ (Resistance at reference temperature)

• T₀ = 25°C = 298.15 K (Reference temperature)

• β = -0.164 (Temperature coefficient)

• T = 20°C = 293.15 K (Room temperature)

Step-by-Step Calculation:

1. Compute (1/T - 1/T₀):

1293.15−1298.15=0.003411−0.003354=0.000057\frac{1}{293.15} - \frac{1}{298.15} =
0.003411 - 0.003354 = 0.000057293.151−298.151 =0.003411−0.003354=0.000057

2. Multiply by β: −0.164×0.000057=−0.00000934-0.164 \times 0.000057 =

0.00000934−0.164×0.000057=−0.00000934

3. Compute the exponent: e−0.00000934=0.999991e^{-0.00000934} =

0.999991e−0.00000934=0.999991

4. Final resistance calculation: Rt=10,000×0.999991=9,999.91 Ω≈10 kΩRt = 10,000

\times 0.999991 = 9,999.91 \, \Omega \approx 10 \,
k\OmegaRt=10,000×0.999991=9,999.91Ω≈10Kω

Thus, at 20°C, the thermistor resistance Rt ≈ 10 kΩ, meaning there is negligible change
in resistance for this small temperature variation.

6
OUTPUT:

IMPLEMENTING USING DAQ:

VARYING VPS:

7
VARYING TEMPERATURE :

USING MULTIMETER :

8
MATHSCRIPT MODULE :

In this LabVIEW setup, a MathScript Node is added to the Block

Diagram for efficient mathematical calculations. The MathScript block calculates the
input values such as VPS (power supply voltage), Vmes (measured voltage), and
predefined constants like 10,000 Ω, 25°C, and -0.164. Using mathematical expressions,
it calculates essential parameters such as Rth (thermal resistance) and T (temperature).

FINAL OUTPUT :

9
ANALOG DATA ACQUISITION:

INFERENCE :
LabVIEW-based DAQ offers an efficient approach for thermistor temperature
measurement.The real-time acquisition and computation enable accurate readings of
resistance and temperature. The automation of VPS control rules out manual errors and
increases the precision of measurement. The system can be expanded for several
applications of temperature sensing in electronics and automation. Implementing
MATLAB script validation ensures that computational results are correct and reliable.

RESULT :
●​ The measured Vmeas values were consistent with the applied VPS values.
●​ The computed thermistor resistance (Rth) changed as expected with variations in
temperature.
●​ The derived temperature values closely matched theoretical calculations.

10