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Quantum Computing & Information - Short Review On Current Research Trends Using Cartoons

The document presents a review of current research trends in quantum computing and information, focusing on key concepts such as quantum superposition, measurement, and entanglement. It discusses hot research areas including quantum information teleportation, cybersecurity in the quantum era, and quantum machine learning. The seminar aims to provide foundational knowledge and explore advanced topics through a series of slides.

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8 views41 pages

Quantum Computing & Information - Short Review On Current Research Trends Using Cartoons

The document presents a review of current research trends in quantum computing and information, focusing on key concepts such as quantum superposition, measurement, and entanglement. It discusses hot research areas including quantum information teleportation, cybersecurity in the quantum era, and quantum machine learning. The seminar aims to provide foundational knowledge and explore advanced topics through a series of slides.

Uploaded by

Schnee Ubermenschen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Quantum Computing & Information: Short Review on

Current Research Trends Using Cartoons

Prepared and Presented By


Mahdy Rahman Chowdhury (Mdy)
Associate Professor
North South University, ECE dept., Bangladesh.
PI, NSU Optics Lab
Founder & Chief Researcher, Mahdy Research Academy

North South Univ Profile: http://ece.northsouth.edu/people/mahdy-


rahman-chowdhury/

Google Scholar Profile:


https://scholar.google.com.sg/citations?user=PxNOguMAAAAJ&hl=en&fbclid=IwAR0vShXqbdR2oFR583A_UD7RqlJYHmeETGlM
D0bG05_hS7DkhOGzSvOibMQ

Research gate profile:


https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mahdy_Rahman_Chowdhury_Mahdy

1
NSU Optics Lab (for NSUers) & Mahdy Research Academy
(Open for all Bangladeshi University Students)

2 Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore


NORMAL COMPUTERVS
QUANTUM COMPUTER
Another MOTIVATION: Quantum Energy
Teleportation

DHAKA SAHARA
Future Possibilities: If Error & Quantum Noise can be
reduced
Topic of the seminar

• 1. General Basic knowledge Required for Quantum


Theory: 10 slides
• 2. General Basic knowledge Required for Quantum
Computing: 9 slides
• 3. Hot areas [3 areas have been discussed in detail
here] of theoretical quantum computing research: 16
slides
1. Quantum Superposition: Double Slit Experiment
1. Quantum Superposition (continued): Wave Nature of
microscopic world
𝐵𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

|𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒ۧ
|𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑑 ۧ + |𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒ۧ
=
2
𝐴𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
?
2. Measurement in QM: Wave Packet & its reduction

When we are not looking at the moon, is it really there?


2. Measurement (continued): Wave Packet & its collapse
3. Einstein’s attack on QM: EPR Paradox
3. Einstein’s attack (continued): Quantum Entanglement
4. John Bell’s inequality: Is reality/ every event pre-determined?
4. John Bell’s inequality (continued): Is Super determinism the reason of
entanglement?
4. John Bell’s inequality (continued): Alternate explanation of entanglement
2. General basic for quantum computing

• 1. QUANTUM bits & their superpositions


• 2. Difference between Measurement & Unitary
operations
• 3. Quantum gates (unitary operations) for target
operations of QC
• 4. Entangled bits & Bell states (or EPR pair)
2.1.What is Qubits? Qubits vs Bits
Qubit is the short form of Quantum Bit, which is the basic unit of information processing in quantum
computing.
While a classical bit can only have a value of either 0 or 1, a qubit can exist in a superposition of both
values at the same time. This means that a qubit can represent more information than a classical bit,
making it a powerful tool for computation.

17
2.1. Qubits

18
2.1. BIT VS QUBIT
NORMAL COMPUTER

Grover’s Search QUANTUM COMPUTER

Algorithm for Quantum


Computers: But you need to
know the difference between unitary
operation & Measurement
2.2
Measurement:
Mathematicall
y (Usually,
Hermitian
Operator)

Eigenvalues can take on a range of values,


Matrix A is considered including zero, one, or a superposition of both,
Usually a Hermitian Operat- depending on the observable being measured and
Or with real eignevalue the quantum state of the system.
2.2UNITARY OPERATIONS (Can be imagined as Parallel
Processing inside a Q. Computer before measurement)
• AN OPERATOR IS SAID TO BE UNITARY IF ITS ADJOINT IS EQUAL TO ITS INVERSE. UU† = U† U = I
•, • fdc THE LENGTH AND ANGLE BETWEEN VECTORS
• PRESERVES
• NO REAL EIGENVALUE 𝐴𝑃 = 𝑄
U IP> = IQ>
2.3 Quantum logic gates
2.4. Entangled bits & Bell states (EPR pair)
2.4. Quantum Entanglement
3. Hot areas of theoretical quantum
computing research

• 1. Superdense coding & QUANTUM information


teleportation: Finally Energy teleportation!!!!
• 2. Cybersecurity in quantum era: Quantum Key
Distribution & secured data or image transmission
using entanglement
• 3. Quantum Machine Learning
3.1. Quantum information teleportation
3.1. Quantum information teleportation full procedure
3.1. Quantum information teleportation
Quantum Energy Teleportation 2023

HOME OFFICE
3.2. Cybersecurity in Quantum Era: Basic Cryptography
3.2. BB84 protocol: Creating secret key before the actual encryption
3.2. BB84 protocol: In Presence of a Hacker
3.2. E91 protocol: More Secured

• Hacker Checking in E91:


If the calculation with the
mismatched Bits does not violate
Bell inequality, there is a hacker or
the entanglement is not working.
successful encryption

Results
Both figures depict, Encryption of
Image on Alice’s end and
Decryption of Image on Bobs end
using chaotic parameters failed decryption

generated by E91 key stream


Proposed Architecture in our article
3.3. Quantum Machine Learning
What is Knowledge Distillation? (Classical Approach)

● An approach in transfer learning, used to


improve performance of small models
(students).
● We take a big pre-trained (teacher) model
and train it.
● We take a small (student) model. When
training it, we add the KL Divergence of the
output probability distribution of the teacher
model and the student model to the original
loss of the student.
● This acts as a supervision for the student
model, by trying to copy / mimic the outputs
of the teacher.
Experimental setup using knowledge distillation

● We use knowledge distillation in quantum model just like a classical setup, but, we add the supervision from a
classical model instead of a quantum model.
● Why should this work? Since a classical model outputs a probability distribution, and so does a quantum model
upon performing measurement.
Experimental results on MNIST

● We perform baseline experiments on the students (quantum models) without using any knowledge distillation.
● We train multiple classical models to act as teachers during knowledge distillation.
● Then, we use each of the teacher models to train the student quantum models using knowledge distillation.
● We observe that using knowledge distillation in this way improves the performance of the quantum models.
Experimental results on FashionMNIST

● Similarly, We perform the experiments on the FashionMNIST dataset as well, and observe that using knowledge distillation in
this way improves the performance of the quantum models.
● Thus, we can conclude that using classical models, it is possible to improve the performance of quantum models. This
eliminates the necessity of building and training large quantum models to act as teachers for smaller quantum models.
Moreover, it ensures re-usability of classical models and eases the infancy of quantum machine learning and current resource
constraints.
THANK YOU

41 Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences & Technology, Pakistan 41

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