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SIGNAL AND SYSTEMS Tutorial 2 Questions

This document is a tutorial on signal and systems, focusing on various properties of systems such as causality, linearity, and time invariance. It includes exercises to determine the characteristics of different systems based on given input-output relationships. Additionally, it discusses concepts of stability and memory in discrete and continuous-time systems.

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13 views4 pages

SIGNAL AND SYSTEMS Tutorial 2 Questions

This document is a tutorial on signal and systems, focusing on various properties of systems such as causality, linearity, and time invariance. It includes exercises to determine the characteristics of different systems based on given input-output relationships. Additionally, it discusses concepts of stability and memory in discrete and continuous-time systems.

Uploaded by

lomlvmro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SIGNAL AND SYSTEMS

TUTORIAL-2
INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMS

1) Check whether the following systems are causal or non-causal:


1
i)𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑥(𝑛) + 𝑥(𝑛−1)
ii)𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥 2 (𝑡) + 𝑥(𝑡 − 2)
iii)𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡 − 2) + 𝑥(2 − 𝑡)
2𝑡
iv)𝑦(𝑡) = ∫−∞ 𝑥(𝜏)𝑑𝜏
v)𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑥(−𝑛)
vi)𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑥(𝑛2 )
vii)𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑥(𝑛 + 1) + 3𝑥(𝑛) + 5𝑥(𝑛 − 1)

2) Check whether the following systems are linear or non-linear:


𝑑𝑦(𝑡)
i) 𝑑𝑡
+ 3𝑡 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑡 2 𝑥(𝑡)
𝑑𝑦(𝑡)
ii) 𝑑𝑡 + 2𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥 2 (𝑡)
𝑡
iii)𝑦(𝑡) = ∫−∞ 𝑥(𝜏)𝑑𝜏
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥(𝑡)
iv) 𝑑𝑡 + 2𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
v)𝑦(𝑛) = 𝐴𝑥(𝑛) + 𝐵
1
vi)𝑦(𝑛) = 2𝑥(𝑛) +
𝑥(𝑛−1)
vii)𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑛𝑥(𝑛)
viii)𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑥(𝑡)
ix)𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥 2 (𝑡)
x)𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑡 2 𝑥(𝑡)
xi)𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑥(𝑛) cos 𝜔𝑛
xii)𝑦(𝑛) = ∑𝑚 𝑛
𝑘=0 𝑎(𝑘)𝑥(𝑛 − 𝑘) + ∑𝑘=1 𝑏(𝑘)𝑦(𝑛 − 𝑘)

3) Check whether the following systems are time-variant or time-invariant:


i)𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑡𝑥(𝑡)
ii)𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡) cos 50𝜋𝑡
iii)𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡 2 )
iv)𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(−𝑡)
v)𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑥(𝑡)
vi)𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑥(2𝑛)
vii)𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑥(𝑛) + 𝑛𝑥(𝑛 − 1)
viii)𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑥 2 (𝑛 − 1)
ix)𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑛𝑥(𝑛)
x)𝑦(𝑛) = ∑𝑚 𝑛
𝑘=0 𝑎(𝑘)𝑥(𝑛 − 𝑘) + ∑𝑘=1 𝑏(𝑘)𝑦(𝑛 − 𝑘)

4) Consider a discrete-time system with input 𝑥[𝑛] and output 𝑦[𝑛]. The input-output
relationship for this system is
𝑦[𝑛] = 𝑥[𝑛]𝑥[𝑛 − 2].
(a) Is the system memoryless?
(b) Determine the output of the system when the input is 𝐴𝛿[𝑛], where 𝐴 is any real or
complex number.
(c) Is the system invertible?

5) Consider a continuous-time system with input 𝑥(𝑡) and output 𝑦(𝑡) related by
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(sin(𝑡))
(a) Is this system causal? (b) Is this system linear?

6) For each of the following input-output relationships, determine whether the corresponding
system is linear, time invariant or both
i) 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑡 2 𝑥(𝑡 − 1)
ii) 𝑦[𝑛] = 𝑥 2 [𝑛 − 2]
iii) 𝑦[𝑛] = 𝑥[𝑛 + 1] − 𝑥[𝑛 − 1]
iv) 𝑦[𝑡] = 𝑂𝑑{𝑥(𝑡)}

7) Consider a discrete-time system with input 𝑥[𝑛] and output 𝑦[𝑛] related by
𝑛+𝑛0

𝑦(𝑛) = ∑ 𝑥[𝑘],
𝑘=𝑛−𝑛0
where 𝑛0 is a finite positive integer.
(a) Is this system linear?
(b) Is this system time-invariant?
(c) If 𝑥[𝑛] is known to be bounded by a finite integer 𝐵 (i.e., |𝑥[𝑛]| < 𝐵 for all 𝑛), it can be
shown that 𝑦[𝑛] is bounded by a finite number 𝐶. We conclude that the given system is
stable. Express 𝐶 in terms of 𝐵 and 𝑛0 .

8) State whether the following systems are


a) Static or dynamic
b) Linear or non-linear
c) Causal or non-causal
d) Time-invariant or time invariant

i) 𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑥(𝑛)𝑢(𝑛)
ii) 𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑠𝑔𝑛[𝑥(𝑛)]
iii) 𝑦(𝑛) = cos 𝑥(𝑛)
iv) 𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 |𝑥(𝑛)|
v) 𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑥(𝑛)𝑥(𝑛 − 1)

9) Check whether the system is stable or unstable:


i) 𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑥(𝑛)𝑢(𝑛)
ii) 𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑥(𝑛) + 𝑛𝑥(𝑛 + 1)
iii) 𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑎𝑥(𝑛) + 𝑏
iv) 𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑥(−𝑛)
v) 𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑥(𝑛) cos(𝜔𝑛)

10) Determine the following system is a) causal b) stable:


i) ℎ(𝑛) = 2𝑛 𝑢(−𝑛)
𝑛𝜋
ii) ℎ(𝑛) = sin 2
iii) ℎ(𝑛) = 𝛿(𝑛) + sin 𝜋𝑛
iv) ℎ(𝑛) = 𝑒 2𝑛 𝑢(𝑛 − 1)
v) ℎ(𝑛) = 5𝑛 𝑢(3 − 𝑛)
vi) ℎ(𝑛) = 𝑒 −6|𝑛|
vii) ℎ(𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑡 cos 2𝑡 𝑢(𝑡)
viii) ℎ(𝑡) = 𝑡𝑒 −𝑡 𝑢(𝑡)
ix) ℎ(𝑡) = sin 𝜔0 𝑡 𝑢(𝑡)
1
x) ℎ(𝑡) = 𝑅𝐶 𝑒 −𝑡⁄𝑅𝐶 𝑢(𝑡)

11) A system with input 𝑥(𝑡) and output 𝑦(𝑡) is defined by the input-output relation
−2𝑡

𝑦(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑥(𝜏) 𝑑𝜏
−∞

The system will be

a) Causal, time-invariant and unstable.


b) Causal, time-invariant and stable.
c) Non-causal, time-invariant and unstable.
d) Non-causal, time-variant and unstable.

12) A system
𝑡

𝑦(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑥(𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑡−𝑇

a) Linear and time variant


b) Linear and time-invariant
c) Non-linear and time variant
d) Non-linear and time invariant

13) a) Show that if a system is either additive or homogeneous, it has the property that if the the
input is identically zero, then the output is also identically zero.

b) Determine a system (either in continuous or discrete time) that is neither additive nor
homogeneous but has a zero output if the input is identically zero.

c) From part (a), can you conclude that if the input to a linear system is zero between time 𝑡1
and 𝑡2 in continuous time or between time 𝑛1 and 𝑛2 in discrete time, then its output must
also be zero between the same times? Explain your answer.

14) Consider a system 𝑆 with input 𝑥[𝑛] and output 𝑦[𝑛] is related by:

𝑦[𝑛] = 𝑥[𝑛]{𝑔[𝑛] + 𝑔[𝑛 − 1]}

a) If 𝑔[𝑛] = 1 for all 𝑛, show that 𝑆 is time invariant.


b) If 𝑔[𝑛] = 𝑛, show that 𝑆 is not time invariant.
c) If 𝑔[𝑛] = 1 + (−1)𝑛 , show that 𝑆 is time invariant.

15) a) Is the following statement true or false?


The series interconnection of two linear time-invariant systems is itself a linear, time-invariant
systems.
Justify your answer.
b) Is the following statement true or false?
The series interconnection of two non-linear systems is itself non-linear.
Justify your answer.
c)Consider three systems with the following input-output relationships:

𝑥[𝑛⁄2], 𝑛 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
System 1: 𝑦[𝑛] = {
0, 𝑛 𝑜𝑑𝑑

1 1
System 2: 𝑦[𝑛] = 𝑥[𝑛] + 𝑥[𝑛 − 1] + 𝑥[𝑛 − 2]
2 4
System 3: 𝑦[𝑛] = 𝑥[2𝑛]

Suppose that these systems are connected in series as depicted in figure below. Find the input-
output relationship for the overall interconnected systems. Is this system linear? Is it time
invariant?

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