JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-IV MEAN VALUE THEOREMS

MEAN VALUE THEOREMS

SYNOPSIS
Rolle's Theorem :
 If a function f :  a, b  R is such that
i) f is continuous on  a, b
ii) f is derivable on (a, b) and
iii) f(a) = f(b) then there exists atleast one value 'c'
of x in the open interval  a, b  such that Y
f '(c) = 0. P R
W.E-1: The equation x log x  4  x is satisfied by A B
atleast one value of x lying between 1 and 4 f(b)
Q S
Sol: Let f  x    x  4  log x then f  x is O
L M
(iii)
continuous in 1, 4 and derivable in 1,4  also
Note :
f 1  f  4   0  The conditions of the Rolle's theorem for f  x  on
By Rolle's Theorem,
 a, b are only sufficient but not neccessary for
f   x  must be zero for atleast one value of x in f   x  to vanish at some point in (a, b).That is
1,4  i) If f  x  satisfies the conditions of the Rolle's
x4 theorem in  a, b then the theorem guarantees the
 f   x  0   log x  0 for atleast one
x existance of at least one point
x  1, 4  c   a, b   f   c   0 .
ii) Even if function f does not satisfy the conditions
 x log x  4  x for atleast one x  1, 4 
of Rolle' s theorem in  a, b there may exist points
Geometrical Interpretation of Rolle's
Theorem : x   a, b  at which f   x  vanishes
Ex: Let f  x   x  sin x, x   ,5  . Clearly
 If f :  a, b  R be a function satisfying the three
conditions of Rolle's theorem. Then the graph of y f    f  5 
= f(x) is such that But f   x   1  cos x  0
i) it is continuous curve from the point
A(a, f(a)) to the point B(b, f(b)). at x  2 , 4   ,5  .
ii) It is a curve having unique tangent line at every Another form of Rolle's theorem :
intermediate point between A and B and
iii) The ordinates f(a), f(b) at the end points A, B  If f :  a,a  h   R is such that
are equal. i) f is continuous on  a,a  h 
By Rolle's theorem there is atleast one
c  (a, b) such that f '(c) = 0. ii) f is derivable on (a, a+h) and
 There is atleast one point C(c, f(c)) between A iii) f(a) = f(a+h) then there exists at least one
and B on the curve at which the tangent line is number  (0 <  < 1)
parallel to the x-axis. such that f '(a  h)  0 .
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Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem   at least one point C(c, f(c)) on the curve
(or) First Mean Value Theorem : between A and B such that the tangent line is
parallel to the chord
 If a function f(x) is such that f :  a, b  R
i) It is continuous on  a, b Y
Y Q
ii) It is derivable in (a, b), then there exists at least C B
one value 'c' of x in (a, b) such that B
A A R
f (b)  f (a) f(b)
 f '(c) f(b) f(a) P
ba f(a)
O L M X O L M X
W.E-2 : Let f :  2, 7   0,   be a continuous and
differentiable function. If
2 2
 f  7  f  2  f  7    f  2   f  2 f  7 Note :
 
 The two condtions of LMVT are only sufficient
3 conditions but not neccessary for the conclusion.
 kf 2  c  f '  c  where c   2,7  then K=
1
Sol. Consider the function g  x    f  x  3 Ex: Let f  x   x 3 , x   1,1
Which as continuous in [2,7] and differentiable in
1
(2,7) f   x  2 Which does not exist finitely at
From Lagrange's mean value theorem 3x 3
g  7   g  2 x  0   1,1  f  x  is not differentiable in
g ' c 
72 3 3
2 '
 3 f c f c 
 f  7    f  2  1,1
72  Lagrange's mean value thoerem is not
2 2 applicable.
 
 f  7  f  2   f  7    f  2   f  2 f  7  
f 1  f  1
3 However ,  f   c
1   1
 5 f 2 c f c k  5
Geometrical Interpretation of 1   1 1
Lagrange's Theorem:   2
2
 Let f :  a, b  R be a function satisfying the two
3c 3
2
conditions of lagrange's theorem. Then the graph 1 1
 c3  c    1,1
of y  f (x) is such that 3 3 3
i) it is continuous curve from the point
A(a, f(a)) to the point B(b, f(b)) and Another form of Lagrange's Mean
ii) It is a curve having unique tangent line at every Value Theorem :
intermediate point between A and B.  If a function f :  a,a  h   R is such that
f (b)  f (a)
= slope of the chord AB , i) f is continuous on  a, a  h  and
ba
f '(c) = slope of the tangent line at C(c, f(c)). ii) f is derivable on (a, a+h) then there exists at
f (b)  f (a) least one number  (0<  <1) such that
 f '(c)  chord AB is parallel to
ba f (a  h)  f (a)  h f '(a  h) .
the tangent line at 'C'.
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Intermediate Mean value Theorem WE-4: If the funtions f  x  and   x  are two
 Let f  x  be a function which is continuous on continuous in  a, b and differentiable in
the closed interval  a, b and let y0 be a real  a, b  . The value of 'c' for the pair of
functions f  x   sin x,   x   cos x in  a, b
number lying between f  a  and f  b  , i.e., with
is
f  a   y 0  f  b  or f  b   y 0  f  a  .
Sol:By Cauchy's mean value theorem we have
Then there is at least one c with a  c  b such
sin b  sin a cos c
f  a   f b   
that y 0  f c   cos b  cos a  sin c
2
 ab ab
  cot     cot c c 
 2  2
Another Form of Cauchy's Mean
y1  f b 
Value theorem :
y0  If two functions f  x  and   x  are such that
y1  f a 
i) both are continuous in the closed interval
 a, a  h 
ii) both are derivable in the open interval
W.E-3: Let the function be differentiable in  0,1 .  a, a  h 
2 2
Then  f 1    f  0    2 f   . f     , iii)  '  x   0 for any value of x in the open
Where ,   0,1 interval  a, a  h  then there exists at least one
By intermediate value property,
number  such that
f 1   f  0 
 f   ,    0 ,1  ......(1)
2 f  a  h  f  a  f ' a   h
By Lagrange's theorem, 
  a  h   a  '  a   h
f 1  f  0   f     ,    0,1 ......(2)
where 0    1 .
Multiply (1) and (2), we get
2 2 C.U.Q
  f 1    f  0    2 f   f    
1. Let a, b be two distinct roots of a polynomial
Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem :
f(x). Then there exists at least one root lying
 If two functions f  x  &   x  are such that between a and b of the polynomial
i) both are continuous in the closed interval  a, b 1) f(x) 2) f '(x) 3) f ''(x) 4) f 111 ( x)
2. The graph of any Quadratic polynomial is
ii) both are derivable in the open interval  a, b 
such that the chord joining the points x=a and
iii)  '  x   0 for any value of x in the open x=b is parallel to the tangent line at
1) A.M. of a and b 2) G.M. of a and b
interval  a, b  then there exists at least one value 3) H.M. of a and b 4) AGP
c of x in the open interval  a, b  such that 3. If f(x) satisfies Rolle’s theorem for f(x) in
b
f b   f  a  f ' c 
 [a, b] then  f '(x)dx 
 b     a   ' c  a
1) f(b) + f(a) 2) f(a) 3) f(b) 4) 0
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4. If f(x),  (x),  (x) are continuous on [a, b] 9. Let f  x  and g  x  are defined and
and differentiable on (a, b)  c  (a, b) then differentiable for x  x0 and
f (a) (a) (a) f  x0   g  x0  , f   x   g   x  for x  x0 ,
f (b) (b) (b)  then
f '(c)  '(c)  '(c) 1) f  x   g  x  for some x  x0
1) f '(c) 2)  '(c) 3)  '(c) 4) 0 2) f  x   g  x  for some x  x0
5. A function f  x  is such that f   c   0 for 3) f  x   g  x  for some x  x0
atleast on c in  a, b  then 4) f  x   g  x  for some x  x0
1) f  x  is continuous in  a, b 10. Let f  x  and g  x  be two differentiable
2) f  x  is differentiable in  a, b  functions in R such that f  2   8 , g  2   0 ,
3) f  a   f  b  f  4   10 , g  4   8 and for atleast one
4) Above 1, 2, 3 need not be true
x  2,4 , g  x   kf   x  , then k is
6. Between any two real roots of a continuous
1) 2 2) 3 3 )4 4) 1
function f  x   0 there is atleast
C.U.Q - KEY
1) one real root for f 1  x   0
01) 2 02) 1 0 3) 4 04) 4 05) 4 06) 1
2) one real root for f 11  x   0 07) 2 0 8) 3 09) 3 10) 3
1
3) one real root, 2 imaginary roots of f  x  0 C.U.Q - HINTS
4) one positive, one negative roots for f 1  x   0 1. By definition of Rolle's theorem.
1 f (b)  f (a)
7. If a polynomial equation f  x   0 has n 2. Let f ( x )  px 2  qx  r , f (c) 
ba
distinct real roots then f 1  x   0 has 3. f(b) – f(a) = 0
1) atleast n  2k real roots f a  a  a
2) n  1 distinict real roots
f b   b   b 
3) n  2 complex roots 4) can't say 4. Let g(x) =
f  x   x    x
8. If f  x  satisfies Lagrange’s meanvalue
g(a) = g(b)  g   c   0
theorem on  a, b then c   a, b  exists such
that: 5. f ( x)  [ x] on [1,1]

1) f   c   f  b   f  a  2) f   c   0 f (c)  0 for c [1,1]  {1, 0,1}

6. y  f ( x); [ ,  ]
3) the tangent at x  c to the curve y  f  x  is
parallel to the chord joining x  a, x  b f  x  is a polynomial  f is continuous and
4) the tangent at x  c to the curve y  f  x  is differentiable. apply RMVT
7. Apply RMVT
perpendicular to the chord joining x  a, x  b
8. By the geometrical interpretation of LMVT.
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9.   x   f  x   g  x  where x   x0 , b  by LAGRANGE’S MEAN VALUE

THEOREM APPLICATIONS
c   x0 , b  
7. The value of ‘c’ in Lagrange's mean value
  b   x0  theorem for f(x) = logx on [1, e] is
 '  c  0 1) e/2 2) e-1 3) e-2 4) 1-e
b  x0 8. The value of ‘c’ in Lagrange’s mean value
 f  x   g  x  for x  b theorem for f (x)  x(x  2) 2 in [0, 2] is
10. Apply Cauchy's Theorem 1) 0 2) 2 3) 2/3 4) 3/2
9. The value of 'c' in Lagrange's mean value
LEVEL - I (C.W) theorem for f(x) = x3 – 2x2 – x + 4 in [0, 1] is
1) 1/3 2) 1/2 3) 2/3 4) 1
ROLLE’S THEOREM 10. The value of  of mean value theorem for
APPLICATIONS the function f ( x )  ax 2  bx  c in [1,2] is

1. The value of ‘a’ for which x 3  3x  a  0 1 1 11

1) 2) 3) 4)
has two distinct roots in [0, 1] is given by 3 2 54
1) –1 2) 1 11. The value of ‘c’ in Lagrange's mean value
3) 3 4) does not exists   5 
2. Rolle’s theorem cannot be applicable for theorem for f(x) = log (sinx) in  ,  is
6 6 
1) f (x)  4  x 2 in [-2, 2]   2 3
2) f(x) = [x] in [-1, 1] 1) 2) 3) 4)
4 2 3 4
3) f (x)  x 2  3x  4 in [-4, 1] 12. Lagrange’s mean value theorem cannot be
4) f(x) = cos2x in [0,  ] applied for
1) f (x)  log x in [1, e]
3. The value of 'c' by Rolle's Theorem for which
1
f(x) = 1 – 3
x 4 in [–1, 1] is 2) f (x)  x  in [1, 3]
x
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) –1
4. If 27 a  9 b  3 c  d  0, then the equation 3) f (x)  x 2  4 in [2, 4]
4 ax 3  3 bx 2  2 cx  d  0 has atleast one real 4) f (x) | x | in [-1, 2]
root lying between 13. The value of ‘  ’ in the Lagrange’s mean value
1) 0 and 1 2) 1 and 3
3) 0 and 3 4) 0 and 2 theorem for f (x)  x 3 , a=1, h=1/2 is
sin x sin a sin b
1 19 19 19
5. If f ( x)  cos x cos a cos b , where 1) 2) 3)  2 4) 2
3 56 3 3
tan x tan a tan b
14. The value of ‘c’ in Lagrange's mean value

0  a  b  , then the equation f  ( x)  0 has, theorem for f  x   lx2  mx  n,  l  0  on [a,
2 b] is
in the interval (a, b)
1) atleast one root 2) atmost one root a b (a  b) (a  b)
1) 2) 3) 4)
3) no root 4) exactly one root 2 2 2 2
6. The quadratic equation 3ax 2  2bx  c  0 15. A point on the curve f (x)  x 2  4 defined
has at least one root between 0 and 1 if in [2, 4], where the tangent is parallel to the
1) a+b+c=0 2) c=0 chord joining two points on the curve is
3) 3a+2b+c=0 4) a+b=c 1) ( 2, 6 )2) ( 6, 2 ) 3) (2, 6) 4) (6, 2)

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12. f(x) = | x | is not differentiable at x = 0
LEVEL-I (C.W)-KEY
13. f  a  h   f  a   h. f   a   h 
01) 4 02) 2 03) 1 04) 3 05) 1 0 6) 1
07) 2 08) 3 09) 1 10) 2 11) 2 12) 4 lb 2  mb  n  la 2  ma  n
14. f   c  
ba
13) 4 14) 4 15) 2
a b
LEVEL-I (C.W)-HINTS 2lc  m  l  a  b   m , c 
2
1. Let  ,   0,1
' f  4  f  2 
f(x) is continuous on  ,   and differentiable on 15. Using formula f  x  
42
 ,   and f    f     0 LEVEL - I (H.W)
 c   ,   such that
ROLLE’S THEOREM
f   c   0  c  1  0,1 APPLICATIONS
2. f(x) = [x] is discontinuous function in [–1, 1]
1. For the function f (x)  x 3  6x 2  ax  b , if
3. f ' c   0 Rolle’s theorem holds in [1, 3] with
4ax 4 3bx 3 2cx 2 1
4. Let f  x      dx c  2 then (a, b) =
4 3 2 3
f  0   0  f  3    c   0,3   f '  c   0 1) (11, 12) 2) (11, 11)
3) (11, any value) 4) (any value, 0)
5. f  a   0  f  b  and f '  x   0 2. Rolle’s theorem cannot be applicable for
 f  x has atleast one root between (a, b) 1) f (x)  cos x  1 in [0, 2  ]
6. Let f  x   ax3  bx2  cx 2) f (x)  x  x  2 2 in [0, 2]
f   x   3ax 2  2bx  c 3) f (x)  3   x  12 / 3 in [0, 3]
f   c   0 , f(0) = f(1)  a + b + c = 0 4) f (x)  sin 2 x in [0,  ]
f b   f  a  3. Value of ‘c’ of Rolle’s theorem for
7. Using formula f   c  
ba  
f (x)  log x 2  2  log 3 on [-1, 1] is
8. f c  0 , 2c(c – 2) + (c – 2)2 = 0 1) 0 2) 1 3) –1 4) does not exists
c = 2, 3/2 c  3 / 2  c  2 4. If 2a  3b  6c  0 , then at least one root of
the equation ax 2  bx  c  0 lies in the
f 1  f  0 
9. f ' c   interval
1 0
10. f  a  h   f  a   h f '  a   h  1) (0, 1) 2) (1, 2) 3) (2, 3) 4) (0, 4)
  5    
log  sin     log sin  / 6  5. If f  x   cos x , a  ,b then the
2 2
f  c    6 
11. 5  value of 'c' of Rolle's theorem in  a, b 

6 6 1) positive 2) Negative
3) Neither positive Nor Negative
f   c   0 , cot c  0  c   / 2
4) Irrational

154 NARAYANAGROUP
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LAGRANGE’S MEAN VALUE  sin x

 , x0
THEOREM APPLICATIONS ii) f ( x)   x
 1 , x  0
6. A value of ‘c’ for which the conclusion of
Mean Value Theorem holds for the function iii) f(x) = x|x| iv) f(x) = |x|
f(x) = logex on the interval [1, 3] is 1) i 2) ii 3) iii 4) iv
1) loge3 2) 2log3e 13. The value of θ in Lagrange’s mean value
3) 1/2 loge3 4) log3e theorem for f  x   lx 2  mx  n  l  0  on
7. The value of ‘c’ prescribed by Lagrange's
 a, b is
mean value theorem, when 1) 1 2) 1/2 3) 1/ 2 4) 1
f ( x)  x2  4, a  2, b  3 is
LEVEL-I (H.W)-KEY
1) 5/2 2) 5 3) 4) 3  1
3
01) 3 02) 3 03) 1 04) 1 05) 3 06) 2
8. Value of ‘c’ of Lagrange’s mean value
07) 2 08) 3 09) 4 10) 1 11) 3 12) 1
theorem for f (x)  2x  x 2 in [0, 1]
13) 2
1) 1 2) 0 3) 1/2 4) –1
LEVEL-I (H.W)-HINTS
9. The value of ‘  ’ of the Lagrange’s mean
1. f (1)  f (3)  a  11
value theorem for
1 f (1)  f (3) is independent of b a  11, b  R
f (x)  x 2  2x  3, a  1, h  is
2 2. f  x   3   x  1
2/3
1) 1/4 2) 1/8 3) 3/4 4) 1/2
10. The chord joining the points where x = p and 2 1/3
x = q on the curve y  ax 2  bx  c is parallel f   x   x  1 is not defined at x= 1
3
to the tangent at the point on the curve whose 2c
abscissa is 3. f  c  0  2
0c0
c 2
pq pq pq p
1) 2) 3) 4) 4. Let f '(x)  6ax 2  6bx  6c
2 2 2 q
11. If f(x) is differentiable in the interval  f (x)  2ax 3  3bx 2  6cx  d
1 1 f(0) = d, f(1) = 2a + 3b + 6c + d  f(1) = d
[2, 5], where f (2)  and f (5)  , then
5 2 f(0) = f(1)
there exists a number c, 2 < c < 5 for which   at least one root of the equation f '(x)  0
f (c) is equal to lies in (0, 1).
1 1 1 1 f   c   0   sin c  0  c  0
1) 2) 3) 4) – 5.
2 5 10 2
12. In [0,1], Lagrange's mean value theorem is f  3   f 1
6. f ' c  
3 1
not applicable to
f 3  f  2
 1 1 7. f ' c  
 2x , x
2
32

i) f ( x)   2 f 1  f  0 
 1  x  , x
1 8. Using formula f   c  
  2 
 2 1 0
f (a  h)  f (a)
9.  f 1 (a   h
h
NARAYANAGROUP 155
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JR JEE MAINS VOL - IV
f (q )  f ( p )
10. Apply Lagrange’s theorem f ( c )  6. If f(x) and g(x) are differentiable functions in
q p
f 5   f  2 
[0,1] such that f(0) = 2, g(0) = 0, f(1) = 6, g(1)
11. f ' c  
52 = 2, then there exists c, 0 < c < 1 such that
1 f'(c) = (JEE MAINS 2014)
12. f  x  is not differentiable at x    0,1
2
1) g'(c) 2) –g'(c) 3) 2g'(c) 4) 3g'(c)
f a  h   f a 
13. f a   h  
h  x  log x , x  0
7. If f(x) =  and Rolle's theorem
 0 , x 0
LEVEL- II (C.W) is applicable to f(x) for x  [0, 1] then  may
ROLLE’S THEOREM be equal to
1) –2 2) –1 3) 0 4) 1/2
APPLICATIONS
x 2  3x
1. If the equation an xn  an1 xn1  .....  a1 x  0 8. For which interval, the function
x 1
( a1  0, n  2) has a positive root x   , then
satisfies all the conditions of Rolle's theorem
the equation nanxn1  (n  1)an1 xn2  ...  a1  0
has a positive root, which is 1)  0,3 2)  3, 0
1) equal to  3)   3)   4)   3) 1.5,3 4) For no interval
2. If f (x)  x 3  bx 2  ax satisfies the 9. Between any two real roots of the equation
conditions of Rolle’s theorem on [1, 3] with
e x sin x  1 , the equation e x cos x  1 has
1 1. Atleast one root2. Exactly one root
c2 then (a, b)=
3 3. Atmost one root 4. No root
1) (11, 6) 2) (11, -6) 3) (-6, 11) 4) (6, 11)
3. Value of ‘c’ of Rolle’s theorem for LAGRANGE’S MEAN VALUE
f(x) = sinx – sin2x on [0,  ] is THEOREM APPLICATIONS:
 1  33   1  35  10. The value of 'c' in Lagrange's mean
1) C o s  1   3) C o s  1  
 8   8  value theorem for f ( x)  ( x  a) m ( x  b) n
in [a, b] is
 1  38  mb  na ma  nb ab ab
3) C o s  1   4) does not exists 1) 2) 3) 4)
 5  mn mn mn 2
4. If a, b, c are non-zero real numbers such that 11. Let f be differentiable for all x. If f(1) = -2
1
8 2 and f '(x)  2 for all x  1,6 , then
 (1  cos x )( ax  bx  c ) dx =
0 1) f(6) < 8 2) f(6)  8
2
8 2
then the 3) f(6)  5 4) f(6)  5
 (1  cos x )( ax  bx  c ) dx  0,
12. f (x )  4   6  x 2 / 3 in [5, 7]
0

equation ax 2  bx  c  0 will have

1) Lagrange’s theorem is applicable
1) one root between 0 and 1 and other root
2) Rolle’s theorem is applicable
between 1 and 2 3) Lagrange’s theorem is applicable but not the
2) both the roots between 0 and 1 Rolle’s theorem
3) both the roots between 1 and 2 4) Both theorems are not applicable
4) both the roots between (3,  ) 13. Value of ‘c’ of Lagrange’s mean theorem for
5. Value of ‘c’ of Rolle’s theorem for  2  x 3 , if x  1
f  x    on [-1, 2] is
 3 x , if x  1
 x  1, w h e n o  x  1
2
f  x   
 3  x , w h e n 1  x  2 3
5 3 2
1) 1 2) 0 3) –1 4) does not exist 1)  2)  3)  4) 
3 2 5 5
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14. If  and  (  ) are two different real roots

3. f   c   0  cos c  2cos 2c  0
of the equation ax 2  bx  c  0 , then
b b 4 cos 2 c  cos c  2  0
1)    2)   
2a 2a  1  33 
b b 1 33 c  c o s 1 
3)      4)      cos c  ,  8

8  
2a 2a
 tan  x
15. If 0      , and if  k , then k is f x    1 cos x ax
8 2

 bx  c dx
2 tan 
4. 0
  2 2 f  0   0, f 1  0, f  2   0
1. 2) 3) 4)
   
1  
f '  x   0  1  cos8 x ax 2  bx  c  0 
16. If a1   28   3  b1 , then  a1 , b1  is
3
 ax 2  bx  c  0
 1 1   1 1  It gives two roots
1)  ,  2)  ,  f  0   0  f 1 and f '  x   0  At least
 28 27   27 28 
one x between 0 and 1
 1 1 
3)  27, 28 4)  ,  f 1  0  f  2  and f '  x   0  At least
 27 26 
one x between 1and 2
 5. f (0)  f (1) & f is not differentiable at x =1.
17. If f  x   cos x, 0  x , then the real
2
6. Let   x   f  x   2g  x 
number 'c' of the mean value theorem is
  0   2   1 ,  '  c   0  f '  c   2g '  c 
  2
1 1  2 
1) 2) 3) sin   4) cos   7. By Rolle's theorem, f is continuous at x  0
6 4    
Lt f  x   f  0  , Lt x  log x  0   is positive
x 0 x 0
18. From mean value theorem,
8 f   x  is not defined at x = 1 i.e, in  0,3
f  b   f  a    b  a  f 1  x1  ; a  x1  b if
Also f  a   f  b  does not hold for  3,0 and
1
f  x   then x1 
x 1.5,3
ab ab ba 9. Let ,      be any two real roots of
1) ab 2) 3) 4) f  x   e x  sin x
2 ab ba Then, f     0  f  
LEVEL-II (C.W)-KEY More over, f  x  is continuous &
01) 3 02) 2 03) 1 04) 1 05) 4 06) 3 differentiable for x   , 
07) 4 08) 4 09) 1 10) 1 11) 2 12) 4 From Rolle’s theorem, there exists atleast one x
13) 1 14) 3 15) 1 16) 1 17) 3 18) 1 in  ,   such that f 1  x   0
LEVEL-II (C.W)-HINTS  e x  cos x  0
 e  x 1  e x cos x   0  e x cos x  1
1. f  0   f    0
f b   f a 
By Rolle's theorem, a c  0,   f '  c   0 10. By Lagrange's theorem, f '  c  
ba
c   11. By Lagrange's theorem c  (1, 6) such that
2. f(1) = a+b+1 -- (1)
f ( 6 )  f (1) f (6 )  2
f(3) = 3a+9b+27 -- (2) f '( c )    2
6 1 5
f (1)  f (3)  a  4b  13  0
 f (6)  2  5(2)
f '(c)  0,3c2  2bc  a  0 12. Verify the mean value theorems
NARAYANAGROUP 157
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JR JEE MAINS VOL - IV

1 f (b)  f (a) 2. Rolle’s theorem holds for the function

13. f (c)  4
ba x3  bx 2  cx,1  x  2 at the point , then
3
14. f '  c   0  c  ,   value of b and c are
1) b = 8, c = –5 2) b = –5, c = 8
b b
2ac  b  0  c     3) b = 5, c = –8 4) b = –5, c = –8
2a 2a 3. Given n is a positive integer for the function
1 2
15. f  x   x tan x, f  x   tan x  x sec x0 f(x) = 5x(x – 2)n , x  [0, 2] . By Rolle's
theorem the value of c is 1/5 then n is equal to
f     f   1) 3 2) 6 3) 9 4) 10
 f 1  c   0  f     f  
 
4. Let f (x)   x  4  x  5  x  6  x  7  then
tan   1) f '(x)  0 has four roots
 tan    tan    .
tan   2) three roots of f '(x)  0 lie in
1 1 (4,5)U(5,6)U(6,7)
16. Let f  x   x1/3 in [27,28]  f  x   3) the equation f '(x)  0 has only one root.
3x 2 /3
1/3 1 4) three roots of f '(x)  0 lie in
By Lagrange’s theorem,  28 3 .....1 (3,4)U(4,5)U(5,6)
3c2/3
2/3 5. Value of ‘c’ of Rolle’s theorem for
27  c  28  9  c 2 / 3   28  f(x) = | x | in [-1, 1] is
2/3
 27  3.c 2/3  3.  28  1) 0 2) 1 3) –1 4) does not exists
1
6. Let f(x) and g(x) be differentiable for

1

1

1

 28 3 . 1  1 0  x  1 , such that
2 2
27 3 28 28 f (0)  2, g(0)  0, f (1)  6 . Let there exist a
3.c 3 3  28  3
real number c in [0, 1] such that
1 1 1 f '(c)  2g '(c) , then the value of g(1) must be
  
28 3  c  2/ 3
27 and by (1) 1) 1 2) 2 3) -2 4) -1
7. The value of ‘c’ in Rolle’s theorem for
1 1/ 3 1  x 2  ab 
  28  3  . f ( x )  lo g 
 x (a  b )  in (a, b) where a>0 is
28 27  
f b   f  a  1) A.M. of a, b 2) G.M. of a, b
17. f c  1 1
ba 3) H.M. of a, b 4) 
a b
f b   f  a 
18. f   x1   8. Let f  x   x  1  x  24  10 x  1 ,
ba
1  x  26 be real valued function . Then
LEVEL- II (H.W) f   x  for 1  x  26 is
ROLLE’S THEOREM 1
1) 0 2) 3) 2 x  1  5 4) 5
x 1
APPLICATIONS
LAGRANGE’S MEAN VALUE
a0 a a a
1. If  1  2  ......  n 1  a n  0 THEOREM APPLICATIONS:
n  1 n n 1 2
then b
n n 1 9. If a  c  b , and if 1  k1  l n    k2  1 ,
a 0 x  a1x  .......  .....  a n 1x  a n  0 has a
1) no solution in (0, 1) then  k1 , k2  is
2) at least one solution in (0, 1)
3) exactly one solution in (0, 1) a b b a
4) at least one solution in (2, 3) 1)  ,  2)  ,  3)  2a, 2b  4)  a, b 
b a a b

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10. If a1   257 
1/ 4
 4  b1 , then  a1 , b1  is LEVEL-II (H.W)-HINTS

 1 1   1 1  x n1 xn
, , 1. (x)  a 0  a1  ......  a n x
1)   2)   n 1 n
 257 256   256 257 
a0
3)  256, 257  4)  255, 256  (0)  0; (1)   ......  a n  0
n 1
11. For the function f(x)=(x-1)(x-2)(x-3) in [0, 4], using Rolle's theorem.
value of ‘c’ in Lagrange’s mean value theorem 4 
is f '    0  8b  3c  16
3   b  5, c  8
2.
2 21 21 f 1  f  2  3b  c  7 
1) 2  2) 1  3) 1  4) 4  2 3
3 6 6  1
3. f '   0
12. Let f be a function which is continuous and 5
differentiable for all real x. If f(2) = –4 and 4. f(4) = f(5) = f(6) = f(7) = 0
f ( x)  6 for all x  [2, 4] , then By Rolle's theorem
1) f(4) < 8 2) f(4)  8
3) f(4) > 12 4) f(4) > 8  1   4,5  ,  2   5,6  , 3   6,7 
13. The value of c in Lagrange’s Mean Value such that f '(i )  0, i  1, 2, 3
theorem for the function 5. f(x) = |x| is not differentiable at '0'
  1 6. Let (x)  f (x)  2g(x)
 x cos   , x  0
f ( x)    x (0)  f (0)  2g(0) = 2 - 0 = 2
in the interval
 0, x0
 (1)  f (1)  2g(1)  6  2g(1)
[–1, 1] is  '(x)  f '(x)  2g '(x)
1
1) 0 2)  '(c)  f '(c)  2g '(c)  0  g(1) = 2
2
1 7. f '(c)  0
3)  4) not exist in the interval f 1  f  26   5  f   x   0
2 8.
14. The value of ‘c’ of Lagrange’s mean value
1 1 f  b  f  a  1
theorem for f  x   x3  5 x 2  3 x in 1,3 is 9. f  x   l n x, f  x   , 
x ba c
1) 2 2) 5/4 3) 3 4) 7/3 b ba
 ln 
15. The value of ‘c’ of Lagrange's mean value a c
1 1 1 ba ba ba
acb     
theorem for f(x) = 2sin x  sin 2 x in  0,   is b c a b c a
a b b
   1  ln   1
1) 2) 3) 4)  b a a
6 2 3
1
10. Let f  x   x in 256,257  f  x 
1/4 1
16. In the mean value theorem ,
4x3/4
f  b   f  a    b  a  f   c  , if a=4, b=9 and 1/ 4 1
By Lagrange’s theorem,  257   4  3/ 4
f  x   x then the value of c is 4c
256 < c < 257  64<c3/4 <(257)3/4
1) 8 2) 5.25 3) 6.25 4) 4  256< 4c3/4 <4(257)3/4
LEVEL-II (H.W)-KEY 1 1 1   257 1/ 4  1 1
 3/ 4  3/4
   
256 4c 4  257   4  257 257
01) 2 02) 2 03) 3 04) 2 05) 4 06) 2  
07) 2 08) 1 09) 1 10) 1 11) 1 12)2 1 1/ 4 1
By (1)   257   4 
256 257
13) 4 14) 4 15) 3 16) 3

NARAYANAGROUP 159
 MEAN VALUE THEOREMS JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-IV
JR JEE MAINS VOL - IV

f  4  f  0 3. In  0,   Rolle's theorem is not applicable to

11. Using formula f   c  
40
1) f  x   sin x
12. f '  x   6  f '  c   6
f  4  f 2  sin x
 , x0
f ' c   , f  4   f  2   2f '  c 
42 2) f  x    x
 1, x0
 4  2  6  , 8

 1 1  1 3) f  x   cos 2 x 4) sin 2 x  sin x

13. f '  x   cos  x   x sin  x 
    4. Let f  x  be non-constant differentiable
  does not exist
f' 0 
  does not exist
&f ' 0 
function for all real x and
f 3  f 1 f  x   f 1  x  Then Rolle's theorem is not
14. f ' c  
2
applicable for f  x  on
f    f  0 
15. f   c    2
 0 1)  0,1 2)  1, 2 3)  2,3 4)  0, 
 3
f b   f  a 
16. f   c   5. The real number k for which the equation,
ba
2 x3  3x  k  0 has two distinct real roots in
LEVEL- III 0,1 (JEE MAINS 2013)
1) lies between 1 and 2
1. Let f  x  be continuous on  a, b , 2) lies between 2 and 3
differentiable in  a, b  and f  x   0 for all 3) lies between 1 and 0
x   a, b  . Then, there exists   a, b  such 4) does not exist

f '   6. If f be a continuous function on  0,1 ,

that f  is equal to
  differentiable in  0,1 such that f 1  0, then
1 1 1 1 there exists some c   0,1 such that
1)  2) 
a b a  b
1. cf   c   f  c   0
1 1
3)  4)  a  b   2. f   c   cf  c   0
a  b
2. Let f  x  be twice differentiable function for 3. f   c   cf  c   0

all real x and f 1  1 , f  2   4 , f  3  9 . 4. cf   c   f  c   0

Then which one of the following statements 7. If a, b, c are real numbers such that
is definitely true ? 3a  2b 3
  0 then the equation
1) f ''  x   2 for all x  1,3 cd 2

2) f ''  x   f '  x   5 for some x   2, 3 ax  bx  cx  d  0 has

3 2

1) at least one root in  2,0

3) f ''  x   3 for all x   2,3 2) at least one root in  0, 2
3) at least two roots in  2, 2
4) f ''  x0   f  x0 
4) No root in  2, 2

160 NARAYANAGROUP
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1 1 1 14. f  x   x 2  3 x , x   1,1 Rolle's theorem

f  x  3  x 5  3x 2 3 x3  1 is not applicable because
8. Let then
2 5
2 x  1 3x  1 7 x  1 8 1) f 1  f  1 2) f is not continuous  1,1
3) f  x  is not differentiable in  1,1
the equation f  x   0 has 4) f 1  f  1  0
1) no real root 2) atmost one real root 15 There is a point P between 1,0  &  3,0  on
3) atleast 2 real roots
y  x 2  4 x  3 such that tangent at P is
4) exactly one real root in  0,1 and no other
parallel to x-axis. Then the ordinate of the
real root. point of contact is
9. Consider the function f  x   8 x 2  7 x  5 on 1) 2 2) -1 3) 1 4) 3
the interval  6, 6 . Then the value of c that n1 bn  an
n
16. If f  x  x for 0ab and na   nbn1
satisfies the conclusion of Lagrange's mean b a
value theorem is then n is
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 4 1) not less than one 2) Zero
10. Using Lagrange's mean value theorem for 3) n is negative integer 4) n is positive
17. If f is continuous function in 1, 2 such that
f  x   cos x , we get that cos a  cos b 
f 1  3  f 1  3 and
1) a  b 2) a  b 3) 2a  b 4) 2a  b
11. Let f : 0, 4  R be a differentiable function. f  2   10  f  2   10,  f  2   0  then the
There exist  and  in the open interval
4 function f in 1, 2  has
 0, 2  such that  f  t dt  1) Atleast one root2) No root
0 3) Exactly one root 4) None of these
1) 2 f     f     2) 22 f   2 f   18. In  1,1 , Lagrange's Mean Value theorem
is applicable to
3) 2  f      f    
2 2 2 2

cot x, x  0
1) f  x   x 2) f  x   0,
4) 2 f     f    
2 2 x0


12. If f is continuous on  a, b and differentiable 1

 , x0
3) f  x   x 4) f  x   x 2
in  a, b   ab  0  , then there exists c   a, b   0, x0

f b   f  a  19. Let f  x  and g  x  be differentiable


such that 1 1
 functions in  a, b  , continuous in  a, b and
b a
1) c2 f '  c  2) c2 f '  c 
g  x   0 in  a, b for atleast one
c   a, b  suchthat
1 1
3) cf '   4) cf '  2 
c c  g  a f  b  f  a g  b g  a g  b
k then k=
13. If f  x  is continuous and differentiable on R g  c f   c  f  c g  c g  c
2

and its derivative vanishes for two values of

1)  b  a  2)  b  a 
x only then f  x  cannot vanish for more than
____ points 3)  2b  a  4)  b  2a 
1) 2 2) 0 3) 3 4) 1
NARAYANAGROUP 161
 MEAN VALUE THEOREMS JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-IV
JR JEE MAINS VOL - IV
20. If the functions f  x  and   x  are 2. Let g  x   f  x   x2 for x  1,3 ,
continuous in  a, b and differentiable in
g 1  g  2   g  3  0 .
 a, b  , then the value of 'c' for the pair of
 Using Rolle’s theorem for g  x  on 1, 2 and
1
functions f  x   x ,   x   is  2,3 , there exist 1,2 ,  2,3 such that
x
1) a 2) b 3) ab 4)  ab g '     0 and g '    0

21. If the functions f  x  and   x  are  f '     2 and f '     2 .

By Rolle’s theorem
continuous in  a, b and differentiable in h  x   f '  x   2 x on  ,  , there exists
 a, b  , then the value of 'c' for the pair of    ,   such that h '     0  f ''     2
x x
functions f  x   e ,   x   e is 3. (1) f  x   sin x, x   0,  f is continuous and
a ab ab a  b differentiable and f  0   f     0 . Hence
1) 2) 3) 4)
2 2 2 2 Rolle’s theorem is applicable
22. If the functions f  x  and g  x  are sin x
 , x0 sin x
(2)    x
f x  , Lt  1  f  0
continuous in  a, b and differentiable in 1 for x  0 x 0 x

 a, b  , then  at least one ‘c’ such that a<c<b f is continuous in  0,  and also differentiable
and in  0,   . f  0   1 and f     0 . Rolle’ss
f  a  f  b f  a f c theorem is not applicable.
 
(3) f  x   cos 2 x, x   0,  is continuous and
g  a  g  b g  a  g  c 
1) a  b 2) a  b differentiable. f  0   1  f   .
Hence Rolle’s theorem is applicable.
3) b  a 4) f 1  b   f 1  a 
(4) f  0   f   .
LEVEL-III-KEY  Rolle’s theorem is applicable.
01) 2 02) 1 03) 2 04) 4 05) 4 06) 4 4. Clearly f  0   f 1 , f  1  f  2 
07) 2 08) 3 09) 1 10) 2 11) 4 12) 1 1  2
f  2   f  3 and f    f  
13) 3 14) 3 15) 2 16) 1 17) 1 18) 4 3  3
19) 1 20) 3 21) 3 22) 3 5. Clearly f '  x    6 x 2  3  0
f  x  is increasing function
LEVEL-III-HINTS
f  x   0 will have no real roots in  0,1
1. Let   x    a  x  b  x  f  x  on  a, b
6. Let g  x   xf  x  , As f 1  0 ,
Using the Rolle’s theorem, there exists
  a, b  such that  '     0 . g  0   0  g 1 then use Rolle's theorem
therefore, 7. f '  x   ax 3  bx 2  cx  d
 b  f    a  f    a  b  f '   0 ax 4 bx 3 cx 2
f x      dx
4 3 2
f '   1 1
 f    a    b   given 6a  4b  3c  3d  0,f  2   0  f  0 
use Rolle’s theorem
162 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-IV MEAN VALUE THEOREMS
8. f (0) = f (1) = 0 (obviously) and f (x) is a 18. (1) f  x   x is not differentiable in  1,1
polynomial of degree 10.Therefore by Rolle's
theorem we must have at least one root in  LMVT is not applicable.
(0, 1).Since the degree of f (x) is even, (2) f  x  is not differentiable at x  0
hence atleast two real roots
 Lagrange’s Theorem is not applicable
f  6   f  6 
9. f '  c   16c  7  1
12  , x0
(3) f  x    x
836765 836765 7 0, x  0
 c0
12
Lt f  x   and Lt f  x   
10. Use Lagrange's theorem x0 x 0 

x2 Lt f  x  does not exist

11. Let F  x    f  t  dt for x   0, 2 x0

0  Lagrange’s Theorem is not applicable

 F  x  is continuous and differentiable on (4) f  x   x 2 is continuous and differentiable in

 0, 2 and F '  x   2 xf  x 2   1,1

 Lagrange’s Theorem is applicable
Using LMVT for F  x  on  0,1 and 1, 2 there 19. Use Lagrange's theorem
exist    0,1 and   1, 2  1
20. f  x   x ,   x  
x
such that F '     F 1  F  0  and
(Assuming 0  a  b )
F '    F  2   F 1
f b  f  a  f '  c 

Adding F  2   F  0   F '     F '    b    a   '  c 
 2f   2   2f 2 
1
1 1 1  b a
12. Let F x  f   , x 
 x
 , 
b a 
use LMVT for   2 c
1 1 1  c  ab
 
1 1 b a 2c c
F  x  . Then there exists d   ,  such that
b a 21. By Cauchy's mean value theorem we have
1 1
F   F   f b   f  a  f ' c 
a  b   F ' d   1 f ' 1  
1 1
 
d2 d 
 
 b    a   ' c

a b
eb  e a
1   e 2c  e ab  e 2c
Put c  1 1
d  a
13. Draw graph eb e
14. f (0 )   , f (0 )   ab
c
15. Use LMVT 2
16. f ( x)  x n on [a, b] Apply LMVT f (a) f ( x)
22. f ( x) 
g (a ) g ( x)
17. f 1  3  f 1  3  f 1  0
Apply LMVT on [a, b]
f  2   10  f  2   10  f  2   0

NARAYANAGROUP 163
 MEAN VALUE THEOREMS JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-IV
JR JEE MAINS VOL - IV

Which one of the following is true ?

LEVEL- IV
1) A  P , S , B  S , C  Q, D  R
1. Match the following
Column I Column II 2) A  P , B  Q , C  R , D  S
(A) The value of c in LMVT for (P) 0 3) A  S , B  S , C  R , D  Q
f  x   x 2  5 x on  0, 2 is
4) A  S , B  P, C  Q , D  S
(B) The value of ‘c’ in the Rolle’s (Q) 1
 x /2
3. Statement - 1 : If f ( x)  x( x  3)e , then
 x 2  36 
Theorem for f  x   log   Rolle's theorem applies for f(x) in [–3,0].
 13x 
Statement - 2 : LMVT is applied in
on  4,9 is
f ( x)  x( x  3)e x /2 in any interval.
(C) The value of ‘c’ in the Rolle’s (R) 3
1) Statement - 1 is true, Statement - 2 is false
Theorem for f  x   x on  1,1 is
2

2) Statement - 1 is false, Statement - 2 is true

(D) The value of ‘c’ in the Rolle’s 3) Statement - 1 is true, Statement - 2 is true;
theorem for (S) 6 Statement - 2 is a correct explanation for State ment
  
f  x   cos x on  2 , 2  -1
 
The correct matching : 4) Statement - 1 is true, Statement - 2 is true;
1) A  R, B  Q, C  S , D  P Statement-2 is not a corret explanation for
2) A  Q, B  S , C  P, D  P Statement-1.
3) A  P, B  Q, C  S , D  P 4. Statement - 1 : If Rolle's theorem be applied
4) A  S , B  Q, C  R, D  S in f(x), then Lagrange Mean Value Theorem
2. Match the following : (LMVT) is also applied in f(x).
Column I Column II
62 3
Statement - 2 : Both Rolle's theorem and
(A) Value of c in LMVT for (P)
3 LMVT cannot be applied in f ( x) | sin| x ||
f  x    x  1 x  2  x  3   
in   , 
on  0, 4 is  4 4

(B) Value of ‘c’ in LMVT for (Q) 5 1) Statement - 1 is true, Statement - 2 is false

f  x   x  x  1 x  2  2) Statement - 1 is false, Statement - 2 is true

3) Statement - 1 is true, Statement - 2 is true;
 1
on  0,  is Statement - 2 is a correct explanation for State ment
 2
(C) Value of ‘c’ in LMVT for (R) 0 -1
4) Statement - 1 is true, Statement - 2 is true;
f  x   x 2  4 on  2,3 is
Statement-2 is not a corret explanation for
(D) Value of ‘c’ in Rolle’s
Statement-1.
62 3
theorem for f  x   x on  1,1 (S)
2

8
164 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-IV MEAN VALUE THEOREMS

5. Assertion (A) : Suppose f is differentiable on f  2   f 0 

  f '  c  for some c   0,2 
R such that 1  f '  x   2 for x  R and 20
6
that f  0   0 .Then x  f  x   2 x for all i.e.,  f '  c   2c  5  3  c  1
2
x0 .
(2) f  x   log  x 2  36   log 13 x 
Reason (R) : f is an increasing function on
R. Then  log  x 2  36   log x  log13
1) Both A and R are true and R is a correct
2x 1
explanation of A. f ' x  0  2
 0
x  36 x
2) Both A and R are true and R is not a correct
 x 2  36  0  x  6
explanation of A.
3) A is false and R is true. But 6   4,9   x6
4) A is true and R is false. (3) f  x   x 2 , x   1,1
6. Assertion (A) : If f  x  , g  x  and h  x  are
continuous on  a, b and differentiable in  f ' x  0  x  0

 a, b  , then, there exists c   a, b  such that   

(4) f  x   cos x, x    , 
f a g a h a   2 2
f b  g b  h b   0 f '  x   0   sin x  0  x  0
f 'c g 'c h 'c
2. By verification.
Reason (R) : Lagrange’s Mean Value 3. f  3   f  0   0 & f  x  is differentiable for all
x   3,0 
theorem is applicable on  a, b for 4. Standard
5. Let x  0 . by LMVT f  x  on  0, x  , there
f  a g  a h a  exists x0   0, x  such that
  x   f b  g b  h b 
f  x   f  0
f  x g  x h  x  f '  0
x
Then, which of the following is true ?
1) Both A and R are true and R is a correct f  x   x f '  x0   f  0   0 
explanation of A.
2) Both A and R are true and R is not a correct 1  f '  x0   2 and x  0  x  xf '  x0   2 x
explanation of A. This is true for all x  0 . when x  0 ,
3) A is true and R is false.
4) A is false and R is true. f  x   0 so that x  f  x   2 x

LEVEL-IV-KEY f '  x   0  f is increasing.

1) 2 2) 1 3) 4 4) 4 5) 2 6) 1
 b     a 
LEVEL-IV-HINTS 6.  b     a   0   0   'c
ba
1. (1) f  x   x 2  5 x , x   0, 2  for some c   a, b 

f  x  is continuous and differentiable.

NARAYANAGROUP 165