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HTML Tutorial

This document is a comprehensive tutorial on HTML, the standard markup language for creating web pages. It covers the basics of HTML elements, document structure, attributes, and formatting, providing examples and explanations for each topic. The tutorial encourages hands-on learning with a 'Try it Yourself' editor for practical application.

Uploaded by

bnigussie851
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

HTML Tutorial

This document is a comprehensive tutorial on HTML, the standard markup language for creating web pages. It covers the basics of HTML elements, document structure, attributes, and formatting, providing examples and explanations for each topic. The tutorial encourages hands-on learning with a 'Try it Yourself' editor for practical application.

Uploaded by

bnigussie851
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

HTML Tutorial

❮ HomeNext ❯

HTML is the standard markup language for Web pages.

With HTML you can create your own Website.

HTML is easy to learn - You will enjoy it!

Start learning HTML now »

Easy Learning with HTML "Try it


Yourself"
With our "Try it Yourself" editor, you can edit the HTML code and view the result:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>This is a Heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages.

What is HTML?
 HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
 HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
 HTML describes the structure of a Web page
 HTML consists of a series of elements
 HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
 HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a
paragraph", "this is a link", etc.
A Simple HTML Document
Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Try it Yourself »

Example Explained
 The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this document is an HTML5
document
 The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page
 The <head> element contains meta information about the HTML page
 The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the
browser's title bar or in the page's tab)
 The <body> element defines the document's body, and is a container for all the
visible contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists,
etc.
 The <h1> element defines a large heading
 The <p> element defines a paragraph

What is an HTML Element?


An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag:

<tagname> Content goes here... </tagname>


The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>
Start tag Element content End tag

<h1> My First Heading </h1>

<p> My first paragraph. </p>

<br> none none


Note: Some HTML elements have no content (like the <br> element). These elements are
called empty elements. Empty eIn this chapter we will show some basic HTML
examples.

Don't worry if we use tags you have not learned about yet.

HTML Documents
All HTML documents must start with a document type declaration: <!DOCTYPE html>.

The HTML document itself begins with <html> and ends with </html>.

The visible part of the HTML document is between <body> and </body>.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Try it Yourself »

The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration


The <!DOCTYPE> declaration represents the document type, and helps browsers to display
web pages correctly.

It must only appear once, at the top of the page (before any HTML tags).

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is not case sensitive.

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration for HTML5 is:

<!DOCTYPE html>

HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading:
Example

<h1>This is heading 1</h1>


<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<h3>This is heading 3</h3>

Try it Yourself »

ADVERTISEMENT

HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag:

Example

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>

Try it Yourself »

HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag:

Example

<a href="https://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>

Try it Yourself »

The link's destination is specified in the href attribute.

Attributes are used to provide additional information about HTML elements.

You will learn more about attributes in a later chapter.

HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width, and height are provided as attributes:
Example

<img src="w3schools.jpg" alt="W3Schools.com" width="104" height="142">

Try it Yourself »

How to View HTML Source


Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?"

View HTML Source Code:


Click CTRL + U in an HTML page, or right-click on the page and select "View Page Source".
This will open a new tab containing the HTML source code of the page.

Inspect an HTML Element:


Right-click on an element (or a blank area), and choose "Inspect" to see what elements are
made up of (you will see both the HTML and the CSS). You can also edit the HTML or CSS
on-the-fly in the Elements or Styles panel that opens.

lements do not have HTML Elements


❮ PreviousNext ❯

An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag.

HTML Elements
The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

<tagname>Content goes here...</tagname>


Examples of some HTML elements:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>
Start tag Element content End tag

<h1> My First Heading </h1>

<p> My first paragraph. </p>

<br> none none


Note: Some HTML elements have no content (like the <br> element). These elements are called
empty elements. Empty elements do not have an end tag!

Nested HTML Elements


HTML elements can be nested (this means that elements can contain other elements).

All HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.

The following example contains four HTML elements (<html>, <body>, <h1> and <p>):

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Try it Yourself »

Example Explained
The <html> element is the root element and it defines the whole HTML document.

It has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>.

Then, inside the <html> element there is a <body> element:

<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>

The <body> element defines the document's body.

It has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>.

Then, inside the <body> element there are two other elements: <h1> and <p>:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

The <h1> element defines a heading.

It has a start tag <h1> and an end tag </h1>:


<h1>My First Heading</h1>

The <p> element defines a paragraph.

It has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>:

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

an end tag! HTML Attributes


❮ PreviousNext ❯

HTML attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.

HTML Attributes
 All HTML elements can have attributes
 Attributes provide additional information about elements
 Attributes are always specified in the start tag
 Attributes usually come in name/value pairs like: name="value"

The href Attribute


The <a> tag defines a hyperlink. The href attribute specifies the URL of the page the link
goes to:

Example

<a href="https://www.w3schools.com">Visit W3Schools</a>

Try it Yourself »

You will learn more about links in our HTML Links chapter.

The src Attribute


The <img> tag is used to embed an image in an HTML page. The src attribute specifies the
path to the image to be displayed:

Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg">

Try it Yourself »

There are two ways to specify the URL in the src attribute:

1. Absolute URL - Links to an external image that is hosted on another website.


Example: src="https://www.w3schools.com/images/img_girl.jpg".

Notes: External images might be under copyright. If you do not get permission to use it,
you may be in violation of copyright laws. In addition, you cannot control external images;
it can suddenly be removed or changed.

2. Relative URL - Links to an image that is hosted within the website. Here, the URL does
not include the domain name. If the URL begins without a slash, it will be relative to the
current page. Example: src="img_girl.jpg". If the URL begins with a slash, it will be relative
to the domain. Example: src="/images/img_girl.jpg".

Tip: It is almost always best to use relative URLs. They will not break if you change
domain.

The width and height Attributes


The <img> tag should also contain the width and height attributes, which specify the
width and height of the image (in pixels):

Example

<img src="img_girl.jpg" width="500" height="600">

Try it Yourself »

The alt Attribute


The required alt attribute for the <img> tag specifies an alternate text for an image, if the
image for some reason cannot be displayed. This can be due to a slow connection, or an
error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader.

Example

<img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl with a jacket">

Try it Yourself »

Example

See what happens if we try to display an image that does not exist:
<img src="img_typo.jpg" alt="Girl with a jacket">

Try it Yourself »

You will learn more about images in our HTML Images chapter.

ADVERTISEMENT

The style Attribute


The style attribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color, font, size, and more.

Example

<p style="color:red;">This is a red paragraph.</p>

Try it Yourself »

You will learn more about styles in our HTML Styles chapter.

The lang Attribute


You should always include the lang attribute inside the <html> tag, to declare the
language of the Web page. This is meant to assist search engines and browsers.

The following example specifies English as the language:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<body>
...
</body>
</html>

Country codes can also be added to the language code in the lang attribute. So, the first
two characters define the language of the HTML page, and the last two characters define
the country.

The following example specifies English as the language and United States as the country:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-US">
<body>
...
</body>
</html>

You can see all the language codes in our HTML Language Code Reference.
The title Attribute
The title attribute defines some extra information about an element.

The value of the title attribute will be displayed as a tooltip when you mouse over the
element:

Example

<p title="I'm a tooltip">This is a paragraph.</p>

Try it Yourself »

We Suggest: Always Use Lowercase


Attributes
The HTML standard does not require lowercase attribute names.

The title attribute (and all other attributes) can be written with uppercase or lowercase
like title or TITLE.

However, W3C recommends lowercase attributes in HTML, and demands lowercase


attributes for stricter document types like XHTML.

At W3Schools we always use lowercase attribute names.

We Suggest: Always Quote Attribute


Values
The HTML standard does not require quotes around attribute values.

However, W3C recommends quotes in HTML, and demands quotes for stricter document
types like XHTML.

Good:

<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/">Visit our HTML tutorial</a>

Bad:

<a href=https://www.w3schools.com/html/>Visit our HTML tutorial</a>


Sometimes you have to use quotes. This example will not display the title attribute
correctly, because it contains a space:

Example

<p title=Description of W3Schools>

Try it Yourself »

At W3Schools we always use quotes around attribute values.

Single or Double Quotes?


Double quotes around attribute values are the most common in HTML, but single quotes
can also be used.

In some situations, when the attribute value itself contains double quotes, it is necessary to
use single quotes:

<p title='John "ShotGun" Nelson'>

Or vice versa:

<p title="John 'ShotGun' Nelson">

Try it Yourself »

Chapter Summary
 All HTML elements can have attributes
 The href attribute of <a> specifies the URL of the page the link goes to
 The src attribute of <img> specifies the path to the image to be displayed
 The width and height attributes of <img> provide size information for images
 The alt attribute of <img> provides an alternate text for an image
 The style attribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color, font, size,
and more
 The lang attribute of the <html> tag declares the language of the Web page
 The title attribute defines some extra information about an element

Exercise?
Which of the following is a correct syntax for using an HTML attribute?

窗体顶端
<img src='img_girl.jpg'>

<img src('img_girl.jpg')>

<img src:'img_girl.jpg'>

Submit Answer »
窗体底端

HTML Attribute Reference


A complete list of all attributes for HTML Text
Formatting

HTML contains several elements for defining text with a special meaning.

Example

This text is bold

This text is italic

This is subscript and superscript

Try it Yourself »

HTML Formatting Elements


Formatting elements were designed to display special types of text:

 <b> - Bold text


 <strong> - Important text
 <i> - Italic text
 <em> - Emphasized text
 <mark> - Marked text
 <small> - Smaller text
 <del> - Deleted text
 <ins> - Inserted text
 <sub> - Subscript text
 <sup> - Superscript text
HTML <b> and <strong> Elements
The HTML <b> element defines bold text, without any extra importance.

Example

<b>This text is bold</b>

Try it Yourself »

The HTML <strong> element defines text with strong importance. The content inside is
typically displayed in bold.

Example

<strong>This text is important!</strong>

Try it Yourself »

HTML <i> and <em> Elements


The HTML <i> element defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood. The content
inside is typically displayed in italic.

Tip: The <i> tag is often used to indicate a technical term, a phrase from another
language, a thought, a ship name, etc.

Example

<i>This text is italic</i>

Try it Yourself »

The HTML <em> element defines emphasized text. The content inside is typically displayed
in italic.

Tip: A screen reader will pronounce the words in <em> with an emphasis, using verbal
stress.

Example

<em>This text is emphasized</em>


Try it Yourself »

HTML <small> Element


The HTML <small> element defines smaller text:

Example

<small>This is some smaller text.</small>

Try it Yourself »

HTML <mark> Element


The HTML <mark> element defines text that should be marked or highlighted:

Example

<p>Do not forget to buy <mark>milk</mark> today.</p>

HTML <del> Element


The HTML <del> element defines text that has been deleted from a document. Browsers
will usually strike a line through deleted text:

Example

<p>My favorite color is <del>blue</del> red.</p>

HTML <ins> Element


The HTML <ins> element defines a text that has been inserted into a document. Browsers
will usually underline inserted text:

Example

<p>My favorite color is <del>blue</del> <ins>red</ins>.</p>


HTML <sub> Element
The HTML <sub> element defines subscript text. Subscript text appears half a character
below the normal line, and is sometimes rendered in a smaller font. Subscript text can be
used for chemical formulas, like H2O:

Example

<p>This is <sub>subscripted</sub> text.</p>

HTML <sup> Element


The HTML <sup> element defines superscript text. Superscript text appears half a
character above the normal line, and is sometimes rendered in a smaller font. Superscript
text can be used for footnotes, like WWW[1]:

Example

<p>This is <sup>superscripted</sup> text.</p>

Try it Yourself »

Exercise?
Two of the following HTML elements makes the text bold, which two?

窗体顶端

<em> and <b>

<strong> and <b>

<big> and <b>

<mark> and <b>

Submit Answer »
窗体底端

HTML Text Formatting Elements


Tag Description

<b> Defines bold text

<em> Defines emphasized text

<i> Defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood

<small> Defines smaller text

<strong> Defines important text

<sub> Defines subscripted text

<sup> Defines superscripted text

<ins> Defines inserted text

<del> Defines deleted text

<mark> Defines marked/highlighted text

For a complete list of all available HTML tags, visit our HTML Tag Reference.

each HTML element, is listed in our: HTML Attribute Reference.

HTML Quotation and Citation


Elements
In this chapter we will go through
the <blockquote>,<q>, <abbr>, <address>, <cite>, and <bdo> HTML elements.

Example

Here is a quote from WWF's website:

For 60 years, WWF has worked to help people and nature


thrive. As the world's leading conservation organization,
WWF works in nearly 100 countries. At every level, we
collaborate with people around the world to develop and
deliver innovative solutions that protect communities,
wildlife, and the places in which they live.
HTML <blockquote> for Quotations
The HTML <blockquote> element defines a section that is quoted from another source.

Browsers usually indent <blockquote> elements.

Example

<p>Here is a quote from WWF's website:</p>


<blockquote cite="http://www.worldwildlife.org/who/index.html">
For 60 years, WWF has worked to help people and nature thrive. As the world's
leading conservation organization, WWF works in nearly 100 countries. At every
level, we collaborate with people around the world to develop and deliver
innovative solutions that protect communities, wildlife, and the places in which
they live.
</blockquote>

HTML <q> for Short Quotations


The HTML <q> tag defines a short quotation.

Browsers normally insert quotation marks around the quotation.

Example

<p>WWF's goal is to: <q>Build a future where people live in harmony with
nature.</q></p>

HTML <abbr> for Abbreviations


The HTML <abbr> tag defines an abbreviation or an acronym, like "HTML", "CSS", "Mr.",
"Dr.", "ASAP", "ATM".

Marking abbreviations can give useful information to browsers, translation systems and
search-engines.

Tip: Use the global title attribute to show the description for the abbreviation/acronym
when you mouse over the element.

Example

<p>The <abbr title="World Health Organization">WHO</abbr> was founded in


1948.</p>

HTML <address> for Contact


Information
The HTML <address> tag defines the contact information for the author/owner of a
document or an article.
The contact information can be an email address, URL, physical address, phone number,
social media handle, etc.

The text in the <address> element usually renders in italic, and browsers will always add a
line break before and after the <address> element.

Example

<address>
Written by John Doe.<br>
Visit us at:<br>
Example.com<br>
Box 564, Disneyland<br>
USA
</address>

HTML <cite> for Work Title


The HTML <cite> tag defines the title of a creative work (e.g. a book, a poem, a song, a
movie, a painting, a sculpture, etc.).

Note: A person's name is not the title of a work.

The text in the <cite> element usually renders in italic.

Example

<p><cite>The Scream</cite> by Edvard Munch. Painted in 1893.</p>

HTML <bdo> for Bi-Directional


Override
BDO stands for Bi-Directional Override.

The HTML <bdo> tag is used to override the current text direction:

Example

<bdo dir="rtl">This text will be written from right to left</bdo>

HTML Comments
HTML comments are not displayed in the browser, but they can help document your
HTML source code.

HTML Comment Tag


You can add comments to your HTML source by using the following syntax:

<!-- Write your comments here -->

Notice that there is an exclamation point (!) in the start tag, but not in the end tag.

Note: Comments are not displayed by the browser, but they can help document your HTML source
code.

Add Comments
With comments you can place notifications and reminders in your HTML code:

Example

<!-- This is a comment -->

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

<!-- Remember to add more information here -->

Hide Content
Comments can be used to hide content.

This can be helpful if you hide content temporarily:

Example

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

<!-- <p>This is another paragraph </p> -->

<p>This is a paragraph too.</p>

You can also hide more than one line. Everything between the <!-- and the --> will be hidden
from the display.

Example

Hide a section of HTML code:

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<!--
<p>Look at this cool image:</p>
<img border="0" src="pic_trulli.jpg" alt="Trulli">
-->
<p>This is a paragraph too.</p>
Comments are also great for debugging HTML, because you can comment out HTML lines of
code, one at a time, to search for errors.

Hide Inline Content


Comments can be used to hide parts in the middle of the HTML code.

Example

Hide a part of a paragraph:

<p>This <!-- great text --> is a paragraph.</p>

HTML supports 140 standard color names.

Background Color
You can set the background color for HTML elements:

Hello World

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod
tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam,
quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo
consequat.

Example

<h1 style="background-color:DodgerBlue;">Hello World</h1>


<p style="background-color:Tomato;">Lorem ipsum...</p>

Text Color
You can set the color of text:

Hello World
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod
tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.

Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl
ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Example

<h1 style="color:Tomato;">Hello World</h1>


<p style="color:DodgerBlue;">Lorem ipsum...</p>
<p style="color:MediumSeaGreen;">Ut wisi enim...</p>
Border Color
You can set the color of borders:

Hello World
Hello World
Hello World

Example

<h1 style="border:2px solid Tomato;">Hello World</h1>


<h1 style="border:2px solid DodgerBlue;">Hello World</h1>
<h1 style="border:2px solid Violet;">Hello World</h1>

Color Values
In HTML, colors can also be specified using RGB values, HEX values, HSL values, RGBA
values, and HSLA values.

The following three <div> elements have their background color set with RGB, HEX, and
HSL values:

rgb(255, 99, 71)

#ff6347

hsl(9, 100%, 64%)


The following two <div> elements have their background color set with RGBA and HSLA
values, which add an Alpha channel to the color (here we have 50% transparency):

Example

<h1 style="background-color:rgb(255, 99, 71);">...</h1>


<h1 style="background-color:#ff6347;">...</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(9, 100%, 64%);">...</h1>

<h1 style="background-color:rgba(255, 99, 71, 0.5);">...</h1>


<h1 style="background-color:hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.5);">...</h1>

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