COMPUTER

SCIENCE

CSI141
PROGRAMMING
h t t p s : / / h o r s t m a n n . c o m / b j l o / i n d e x . ht m l PRINCIPLES
Programming Principles T ALLMAN NKGAU

L ECTURE 6 – F UNDAMENTAL
D ATA TYPES
‣ Java Functions
‣ The Java Math Library
‣ Reading numbers from the
keyboard

https://horstmann.com/bjlo/index.html
 L EARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lecture, you should be able

to:

‣ Identify formal parameters, name, and return type of

a Java function

‣ Use the Java Math class functions in expressions

‣ Create a Scanner object to read from the keyboard

integer and double values

‣ Convert Math expressions to equivalent Java

h t t p : / / ho r st m a n n . c o m / b j l o / i n d e x . ht m l

expressions/statements and vice-versa

‣ Write a Java program that reads user input (numbers)

and performs computations

 ‣ Java Functions
‣ The Java Math Library
‣ Reading numbers from the
keyboard

h t t p s : / / h o r s t m a n n . c o m / b j l o / i n d e x . ht m l
 Java Function

❑ A code block with a name

▪Create a function first
▪Call/Invoke the method to execute its code block
❑ Why?
✓Promotes modular programming/development
✓Makes it easier to share and reuse code Input type
✓Makes it easier to maintain code
Type of value returned Function name

public static boolean isPrime( int n) {

}

Required to create a Java function

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 Java Function

public static double average( int x, int y ) {

int sum = x + y;
double average = sum / 2.0;
return average;
}

Formal parameters
Type of value returned
Function name
❑ x and y are used to hold values passed to
the function. Two integers must be
passed/given to the function average .
int a = 55;
double avg = average(45, a);
❑ The function average returns a value, a
double value (a real number).
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 ‣ Functions
‣ The Java Math Library
‣ Reading numbers from the
keyboard

h t t p : / / ho r st m a n n . c o m / b j l o 1/ i n de x . h t m l
 Java Library – Java Math Library

❑ A Java class
▪
With static methods – functions
➢ Tested, efficient, and made available to be used by
others

Name of function
Formal parameters Purpose of function
A double value
is returned

https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/21/docs/api/java.base/java/lang/Math.html

The Java Math library declares many

other functions.
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Java Math Library
❑ Provides useful functions (methods)

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 Powers and Roots
In Java, there are no symbols for powers and
roots
– Becomes:

b * Math.pow(1 + r / 100, n)

Analyzing the expression:

By convention, ALL Java classes must

start with an uppercase letter.
This applies to ALL the classes we write
in this course!
Arithmetic Expressions

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 POP QUIZ
Assume x = 17, y = 15 and that x, y, z are int
variables, while w and t are double variables.

1. Evaluate/execute the following:

a) x + y/4
b) (x + y)/4
c) z = x % 3 + 4
d) w = 17/3 + 6.5
e) t = x/4.0 + 15 % 4 − 3.5
2. Convert the following to Java expressions:
a) sin2 3𝑥 − cot(2𝑥)

b) (−𝑏 + 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐)/2𝑎

c) tan(5𝑥)

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 Example – with Math functions

❑ Write a Java program to compute the volume of a cylinder with radius

2.5cm and height of 10.0cm

public class CylinderVolume {

public static void main(String[] args) {
double radius = 2.5;
double height = 10.0;
double volume = Math.PI * Math.pow(radius, 2) * height;
System.out.printf(“Volume: %.2f\n“, volume);

}
}

𝝅 𝑉 = 𝜋r ℎ 2
 ‣ Functions
‣ The Java Math Library
‣ Reading numbers from the
keyboard

h t t p s : / / h o r s t m a n n . c o m / b j l o / i n d e x . ht m l
 Reading input
This is a three-step process in Java

1. Import the Scanner class from its ‘package’java.util

import java.util.Scanner;

2. Setup an object of the Scanner class

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

3. Use methods of the new Scanner object to get input

int bottles = in.nextInt(); // reading an integer
double price = in.nextDouble(); // reading a real number

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 Other reading methods

❑ nextInt() – to read and return an int value

❑ nextByte() – to read and return byte value

❑ nextFloat() – to read and return a float

value
❑ nextShort() – to read and return a short
value
❑ nextLong() – to read and return a long value

https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/docs/api/java.base/java/util/Scanner.html

16
Exercise

Write a Java program to compute the volume of

a cylindrical object (𝑉 = 𝜋 × 𝑟 2 × ℎ). Your
program must read the radius and height of the
cylinder from the keyboard.

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Solution – analysis and design

❑ Recall: input – process – output

❑ What is our input? radius and height

❑ What is the data type of each input?

radius is double
height is double

❑ What processing must we do?

compute volume = 𝜋 × 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 2 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡

❑ What output is required?

The volume computed 18
 Solution – the program
// Class header comment goes here
import java.util.Scanner; // import the Scanner class

public class VolumeOfCylinder {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// declare variables to hold data
double radius;
double height;
double volume;

// create a Scanner object to read from the keyboard

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

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 Solution – the program
// prompt for radius and read it
System.out.printf(“Enter radius: “); // prompt
radius = in.nextDouble(); // read a double

// prompt for height and read it

System.out.printf(“Enter height: “); // prompt
height = in.nextDouble(); // read a double

// processing
volume = Math.PI * radius * radius * height;

// output
System.out.printf(“Volume = %.2f\n”, volume);
}
}

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Summary

•Use compound operators including pre and post

decrement operators
•Use the Scanner class to read numbers from the
console/keyboard

Page 21
 Exercises

1. E2.3 – E2.8
2. P2.3
3. P2.7

Page 22