COMPUTER

SCIENCE

CSI141
PROGRAMMING
h t t p : / / ho r st m a n n . c o m / b j l o / i n d e x . ht m l PRINCIPLES
Programming Principles T ALLMAN NKGAU

L ECTURE 3
CHAPTER 1.2 – 1.6
‣ Programming process
‣ Programming environment
‣ First Java program

http://horstmann.com/bjlo/index.html
 L EARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lecture, you should be able

to:

‣ Describe the programming process

‣ Describe the various programming errors (syntax,

logic, run-time)

‣ Use CLI commands to create a folder structure

h t t p : / / ho r st m a n n . c o m / b j l o / i n d e x . ht m l
‣ Use VSCODE to type in a Java program

‣ Use CLI to compile and execute a given Java

program
 ‣ Programming process
‣ Programming environment
‣ First Java program

h t t p : / / ho r st m a n n . c o m / b j l o / i n d e x . ht m l
 REVIEW - POP QUIZ
❑ The algorithm

MYSTERY(n)
Input: An integer n > 0
Output: You find out!
b ← 0
while n > 0 do //read as “while n is greater than 0 do”
d ← n % 10 // remainder when dividing by 10
b ← b + d
n ← n / 10 // integer division

return b

Called block of
statements
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 Programming process
❑ Systematic steps involved in solving a computational programming
problem. Start

Define
Problem

Program Bugs
Analysis/
Maintenance
Algorithm Design
Bugs

Coding
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 Programming process
❑ Defining the problem
・ State the problem concisely
・ A lot of software systems fail due to vague problem definition.
・ Usually specified by Management and/or Systems Analyst.
・ In this course, the lecturers will specify the problem.

❑ Analysis / Algorithm Design

・ Understand the problem completely.
– The requirements (input, output, processing)
– Data representation for data to be processed
・ Design an algorithm to solve the problem (specify it using pseudocode)
・ Check the algorithm for correctness (test data and/or mathematical
analysis)

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 …Programming process

❑ Coding
・ Implement your algorithm using an appropriate language
・ Fix all compile-time errors (like syntax errors, class not found, etc.)
・ Properly document your source code (so others have no difficulty
understanding your code)
❑ Usage & Maintenance
・ Use the program / Execute the program
・ Fix all run-time errors (like logical errors, etc.)
・ If requirements change, adapt the program

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Java programming process

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Java Compilation
HelloWorld.class

javac java

HelloWorld.java
 Java Compilation
javac HelloWorld.java

Compiler 1
(IBM)
Editor
Compiler 2
Java Source Code File (Sun) Java Bytecode
(HelloWorld.java) (HelloWorld.class)
Compiler 3
(Apple)

Input Data Bytecode Interpreter

java HelloWrold

Machine Instructions
Output Data
(Execution)
 Programming errors

❑ Syntax Error
・ It is a grammatical mistake in a program – breaking grammar rules.
・ The compiler is used to check for syntax errors.

❑ Logic Error
・ It is an error introduced by using faulty logic in a program.
・ Program produces incorrect results.

❑ Run-time Error
・ An error issued by the computer when a program is executed.
・ Program usually crashes with some sort of an error message.

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 ‣ Anatomy of a computer
‣ Data representation
‣ Programming process
‣ Programming environment
‣ First Java program
h t t p : / / ho r st m a n n . c o m / b j l o / i n d e x . ht m l
 Programming Environment - JDK

❑ Java Development Kit (JDK)

・ This is software that allows us to code in Java (compile and execute)
・ It contains the JVM (Java Virtual Machine) and JRE (Java Runtime
Environment – for executing Java programs).
・ Download JDK LTS version 21 here.
– https://adoptium.net/
– Ideally you should install the JDK first.

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 Programming Environment - vscode

❑ Code Editor
・ This is software that allows us to type in our source code (our Java
programs)
・ Source code is plain text (so really any text editor will do)
・ For this course we will be using Visual Studio Code
– https://code.visualstudio.com/
– Its totally free!
– Can be used both on Windows and Linux operating systems

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Visual Studio Code (vscode) - Code
Editor

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 Programming Environment

❑ Compiling and Execution

・ We use terminal emulation software aka CLI
・ This is software that allows us to compile and execute our Java
programs from a command line interface - CLI
・ For this course we will be using CMDER
– https://cmder.app/
– Its Windows OS only and totally free!
– Superior to the CMD software that comes with Windows
– Download the “Full” version

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CMDER – Terminal (CLI)

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 Programming Environment

❑ Folder/directory structure for the course

・We make use of the following commands (in CMDER)

– md or mkdir to create folders/directories
– dir or ls to list/show the files in a directory/folder
– pwd to show the current folder we are working in
– cd to change the directory you are working in
– touch to create an empty text file

To come as the course progresses

– rm or rmdir to remove/delete files or folders
– more or cat to view contents of a file, screen-full at a time
– copy to copy contents of one file to another

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 CLI crash course
❑ We will create the following directory/folder structure
• Z: is the drive letter
• CSI141-2024 is a folder

files

Directory = Folder

directories

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1. Launch CMDER

– Double-click the icon

– Type Z: and press enter key to change to your home directory

– Drive letters can be lowercase
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2. List the files and folders in your Z drive

– Type dir and press enter key

Represents
Current directory

Represents the
parent directory

This
means
directory

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3. Create CSI141-2024 directory

– Type mkdir CSI141-2024 and press enter key

Creating directory.
Notice no visual
feedback!

Listing the
files/directory
shows that our
directory was
created

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4. Change into the directory CSI141-2024

– Type cd CSI141-2024 and press enter key

Notice the change in the path

– Type pwd and press enter

The p resent
w orking d irectory is
displayed – pwd

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5. List the files/directories inside CSI141-2024

– Type dir and press enter key

• We only have
the . and ..
directories.
• In fact, every
directory has
them!

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6. Create lab1 directory and its files

Create directory lab1

Change into directory lab1

Create file data.txt

Create file
MyFirstProgram.java
List the files in current
directory – lab1

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 ‣ Anatomy of a computer
‣ Data representation
‣ Programming process
‣ Programming environment
‣ First Java program
h t t p : / / ho r st m a n n . c o m / b j l o / i n d e x . ht m l
 Our first Java program
Java class name

public class HelloWorld

{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.printf(“Hello, World!\n”);
}
}

body of main() main method

Source code file named

HelloWorld.java Page 28
 Compile and Execute – A taste of what's to
come
E:\Downloads\cmder\CSI141-2024\examples
λ javac -version
javac 21.0.2 Compiler version
E:\Downloads\cmder\CSI141-2024\examples
λ java -version JVM version
openjdk version “21.0.2" 2024-01-16
OpenJDK Runtime Environment Temurin-21.0.2+13 (build 21.0.2+13-LTS)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Temurin-21.0.2+13 (build 21.0.2+13-LTS,
mixed mode, sharing)
λ dir
Volume in drive E is hd
Volume Serial Number is D081-884A
Directory of E:\Downloads\cmder\CSI141-2024\examples
09/18/2020 08:22 PM <DIR> .
09/18/2020 08:22 PM <DIR> ..
09/18/2020 08:21 PM 132 HelloWorld.java
1 File(s) 132 bytes
2 Dir(s) 456,416,174,080 bytes free Compile Java
λ javac HelloWorld.java program
E:\Downloads\cmder\CSI141-2024\examples Run/Execute Java
λ java HelloWorld program
Hello World!
E:\Downloads\cmder\CSI141-2024\examples Page 29

λ
 Review exercise - CLI
Create the following folder structure.

Typing in the command

tree /f physical-features
Should give you the same structure.
 Review exercise - TheDuke
Type in the following Java program. Compile and execute it. You
should name the source code file TheDuke.java
Compile with: javac TheDuke.java
Execute with: java TheDuke

import java.net.URI;

Import java.net.URL;

import javax.swing.ImageIcon;

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

public class TheDuke

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

URI imageLocation = new URI("https://horstmann.com/java4everyone/duke.gif");

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Hello", "Title",

JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE, new ImageIcon(imageLocation.toURL()));

}
 Summary

❑ Familiarize yourselves with our code editor – VSCODE

❑ Familiarize yourselves with our terminal emulator – CMDER
❑ Throughout the course, we will code, compile, execute our Java
programs - practice makes perfect

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