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Matlab Code

The document provides a step-by-step guide to solving the Lorenz equations using MATLAB, starting with basic MATLAB commands and installation. It details the numerical solution of the equations using the ode45 function, along with code examples for plotting 3D trajectories and 2D projections. Additionally, it explains how to observe variations by changing initial conditions and parameters in the Lorenz equations.

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Maham Nabi
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3 views6 pages

Matlab Code

The document provides a step-by-step guide to solving the Lorenz equations using MATLAB, starting with basic MATLAB commands and installation. It details the numerical solution of the equations using the ode45 function, along with code examples for plotting 3D trajectories and 2D projections. Additionally, it explains how to observe variations by changing initial conditions and parameters in the Lorenz equations.

Uploaded by

Maham Nabi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here is the complete solution to your assignment:

Step 1: Familiarize yourself with MATLAB basics

To start, make sure you have MATLAB installed on your computer. If you don't have it, you can
download a free trial version from the MathWorks website.

*MATLAB Basics*

Here are some basic MATLAB commands to get you started:

- Variables: `x = 5` assigns the value 5 to the variable x.

- Arrays: `x = [1 2 3]` creates an array with the values 1, 2, and 3.

- Basic Operations: `x = 5; y = 3; z = x + y` performs basic arithmetic operations.

- Plotting: `x = [1 2 3]; y = [4 5 6]; plot(x, y)` creates a simple plot.

Step 2: Solve the Lorenz equations numerically

The Lorenz equations are a set of three coupled differential equations that describe the behavior of fluid
convection in the atmosphere.

*Lorenz Equations*

The Lorenz equations are:

dx/dt = σ(y - x)

dy/dt = x(ρ - z) - y

dz/dt = xy - βz

where σ, ρ, and β are parameters.


*Numerical Solution using ode45*

To solve the Lorenz equations numerically, we can use MATLAB's built-in differential equation solver,
ode45.

```

% Define the Lorenz equations

function dXdt = lorenz(t, X, sigma, rho, beta)

x = X(1);

y = X(2);

z = X(3);

dxdt = sigma * (y - x);

dydt = x * (rho - z) - y;

dzdt = x * y - beta * z;

dXdt = [dxdt; dydt; dzdt];

end

% Set the initial conditions and parameters

x0 = [1; 1; 1];

sigma = 10;

rho = 28;

beta = 8/3;

% Set the time span

tspan = [0 40];
% Solve the Lorenz equations using ode45

[t, X] = ode45(@(t, X) lorenz(t, X, sigma, rho, beta), tspan, x0);

% Plot the 3D trajectory

figure;

plot3(X(:, 1), X(:, 2), X(:, 3));

xlabel('x');

ylabel('y');

zlabel('z');

title('Lorenz Attractor');

```

This code defines the Lorenz equations, sets the initial conditions and parameters, solves the equations
using ode45, and plots the 3D trajectory.

Step 3: Generate and plot 2D trajectories

To generate and plot 2D trajectories, we can use the same code as before, but this time we'll plot the x-
y, y-z, and x-z planes.

```

% Plot the 2D projections

figure;

subplot(1, 3, 1);

plot(X(:, 1), X(:, 2));

xlabel('x');

ylabel('y');
title('x-y plane');

subplot(1, 3, 2);

plot(X(:, 2), X(:, 3));

xlabel('y');

ylabel('z');

title('y-z plane');

subplot(1, 3, 3);

plot(X(:, 1), X(:, 3));

xlabel('x');

ylabel('z');

title('x-z plane');

```

This code plots the x-y, y-z, and x-z planes.

Step 4: Create 2D projections and observe variations

To create 2D projections and observe variations, we can use the same code as before, but this time we'll
change the initial conditions and parameters.

```

% Change the initial conditions and parameters

x0 = [5; 5; 5];

sigma = 10;

rho = 28;
beta = 8/3;

% Solve the Lorenz equations using ode45

[t, X] = ode45(@(t, X) lorenz(t, X, sigma, rho, beta), tspan, x0);

% Plot the 2D projections

figure;

subplot(1, 3, 1);

plot(X(:, 1), X(:, 2));

xlabel('x');

ylabel('y');

title('x-y plane');

subplot(1, 3, 2);

plot(X(:, 2), X(:, 3));

xlabel('y');

ylabel('z');

title('y-z plane');

subplot(1, 3, 3);

plot(X(:, 1), X(:, 3));

xlabel('x');

ylabel('z');

title('x-z plane');

```
This code changes the initial conditions and parameters, solves the Lorenz equations using ode45, and

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