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The document provides a MATLAB solution for numerically solving the Lorenz equations, which describe fluid behavior in two-dimensional space. It includes code for defining the equations, setting parameters and initial conditions, solving the equations using both ode45 and Euler's method, and visualizing the results with 3D plots and animations. Additionally, it encourages experimentation with different parameter values to observe changes in the system's behavior.

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Maham Nabi
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2 views7 pages

Code

The document provides a MATLAB solution for numerically solving the Lorenz equations, which describe fluid behavior in two-dimensional space. It includes code for defining the equations, setting parameters and initial conditions, solving the equations using both ode45 and Euler's method, and visualizing the results with 3D plots and animations. Additionally, it encourages experimentation with different parameter values to observe changes in the system's behavior.

Uploaded by

Maham Nabi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here's a simple, unique, and easy solution to solve the Lorenz equations numerically using MATLAB:

Lorenz Equations

The Lorenz equations are a set of three ordinary differential equations that describe the behavior of a
fluid layer in a two-dimensional space.

*Equations*

dx/dt = σ(y - x)

dy/dt = x(ρ - z) - y

dz/dt = xy - βz

MATLAB Code

```

% Define the Lorenz equations

function dXdt = lorenz(t, X, sigma, rho, beta)

x = X(1);

y = X(2);

z = X(3);

dxdt = sigma * (y - x);

dydt = x * (rho - z) - y;

dzdt = x * y - beta * z;

dXdt = [dxdt; dydt; dzdt];

end
% Parameters

sigma = 10;

rho = 28;

beta = 8/3;

% Initial conditions

x0 = [1; 1; 1];

% Time span

tspan = [0 40];

% Solve the Lorenz equations

[t, X] = ode45(@(t, X) lorenz(t, X, sigma, rho, beta), tspan, x0);

% Plot the results

figure;

plot3(X(:, 1), X(:, 2), X(:, 3));

xlabel('x');

ylabel('y');

zlabel('z');

title('Lorenz Attractor');

```

*Explanation*

1. Define the Lorenz equations in a separate function `lorenz.m`.


2. Set the parameters `sigma`, `rho`, and `beta`.

3. Define the initial conditions `x0`.

4. Set the time span `tspan`.

5. Use `ode45` to solve the Lorenz equations.

6. Plot the results using `plot3`.

This code will generate a 3D plot of the Lorenz attractor, which is a famous example of a chaotic system.

Here's another example of solving the Lorenz equations numerically using MATLAB, but this time using a
different approach:

Lorenz Equations with Animation

```

% Parameters

sigma = 10;

rho = 28;

beta = 8/3;

% Initial conditions

x = 1; y = 1; z = 1;

% Time step and total time

dt = 0.01; t_max = 40;

% Preallocate arrays for storing solutions

n_steps = round(t_max / dt);

x_sol = zeros(n_steps, 1);


y_sol = zeros(n_steps, 1);

z_sol = zeros(n_steps, 1);

% Solve the Lorenz equations using Euler's method

for i = 1:n_steps

x_dot = sigma * (y - x);

y_dot = x * (rho - z) - y;

z_dot = x * y - beta * z;

x = x + dt * x_dot;

y = y + dt * y_dot;

z = z + dt * z_dot;

x_sol(i) = x;

y_sol(i) = y;

z_sol(i) = z;

end

% Animate the solution

figure;

for i = 1:n_steps

plot3(x_sol(1:i), y_sol(1:i), z_sol(1:i));

xlabel('x'); ylabel('y'); zlabel('z');

title('Lorenz Attractor');

drawnow;
pause(dt);

end

```

_Explanation_

1. Define the parameters, initial conditions, and time step.

2. Preallocate arrays for storing the solutions.

3. Solve the Lorenz equations using Euler's method.

4. Animate the solution by plotting the trajectory at each time step.

This code will generate an animated 3D plot of the Lorenz attractor, showing how the solution evolves
over time.

Let's change the parameters of the Lorenz equations to see how it affects the behavior of the system.

```

% Parameters

sigma = 16; % Increased from 10

rho = 35; % Increased from 28

beta = 3; % Decreased from 8/3

% Initial conditions

x = 1; y = 1; z = 1;

% Time step and total time

dt = 0.01; t_max = 40;


% Preallocate arrays for storing solutions

n_steps = round(t_max / dt);

x_sol = zeros(n_steps, 1);

y_sol = zeros(n_steps, 1);

z_sol = zeros(n_steps, 1);

% Solve the Lorenz equations using Euler's method

for i = 1:n_steps

x_dot = sigma * (y - x);

y_dot = x * (rho - z) - y;

z_dot = x * y - beta * z;

x = x + dt * x_dot;

y = y + dt * y_dot;

z = z + dt * z_dot;

x_sol(i) = x;

y_sol(i) = y;

z_sol(i) = z;

end

% Animate the solution

figure;

for i = 1:n_steps
plot3(x_sol(1:i), y_sol(1:i), z_sol(1:i));

xlabel('x'); ylabel('y'); zlabel('z');

title('Lorenz Attractor');

drawnow;

pause(dt);

end

```

With these new parameters, the Lorenz system exhibits a different behavior. The attractor becomes
more complex, and the trajectory explores more regions of the phase space.

Feel free to experiment with different parameter values to see how the Lorenz system behaves!

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