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Org Man Reviewer

The document outlines key concepts and functions of management, including planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling. It discusses various management theories, principles of Fayol's management theory, managerial roles and skills, and different forms of business organizations. Additionally, it covers the economic roles of businesses, environmental scanning, PEST analysis, cultural intelligence, time orientation, and Hofstede's five cultural dimensions.

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sonleybang28
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13 views5 pages

Org Man Reviewer

The document outlines key concepts and functions of management, including planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling. It discusses various management theories, principles of Fayol's management theory, managerial roles and skills, and different forms of business organizations. Additionally, it covers the economic roles of businesses, environmental scanning, PEST analysis, cultural intelligence, time orientation, and Hofstede's five cultural dimensions.

Uploaded by

sonleybang28
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Organization and Management Reviewer

"Organization & Management"

1. Basic Concepts and Functions of Management

- Management is a process involving planning, organizing, staffing, leading,


motivating, and controlling resources to achieve organizational goals
effectively and efficiently.

- Functions:

- Planning: Setting goals, developing strategies, and coordinating activities.

- Organizing: Assigning tasks, allocating resources, and establishing


relationships within the organization.

- Staffing: Filling job positions, recruiting, and training employees.

- Leading/Directing: Influencing and motivating employees to achieve


goals.

- Controlling: Evaluating performance, taking corrective action, and


ensuring alignment with plans.

2. Types of Management Theories

- Scientific Management Theory: Focuses on finding the most efficient


way to perform tasks (e.g., Frederick W. Taylor).

- General Administrative Theory: Views management as a universal


process applicable to all organizations (e.g., Henri Fayol).

- Bureaucracy: Emphasizes authority structures, coordination, and


standardized procedures in organizations (e.g., Max Weber).

- Organizational Behavior (OB) Approach: Studies how people behave in


organizations and how to effectively manage human behavior (e.g., Robert
Owen, Mary Parker Follett, Hugo Munsterberg, Chester Barnard).

3. Principles of Fayol's Management Theory

- Work Division/Specialization: Dividing tasks into smaller, specialized


jobs to increase efficiency.
- Authority and Responsibility: The right to give orders comes with
responsibility for the consequences.

- Discipline: Obedience, proper conduct, and respect for authority are


essential for smooth operations.

- Unity of Command: Each employee should receive orders from only one
superior.

- Unity of Direction: All individuals in the same activity should share a


common objective.

- Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest: Company


goals should take precedence over personal interests.

- Remuneration/Pay: Employees must be fairly compensated, influencing


productivity.

- Centralization: The degree of decision-making power at the top level


depends on the organization's size.

- Scalar Chain of Authority: Clear line of authority from top management


to the lowest rank (chain of command).

- Maintenance of Order: Maintaining social order through procedures and


rules ensures smooth operations.

- Equity/Fairness: Treating employees kindly and justly is crucial for a


positive work environment.

- Stability/Security of Tenure: Employees should have reasonable tenure


and avoid frequent job changes.

- Employee Initiative: Encouraging employee initiative can bring new


ideas and strength to an organization.

- Promotion of Team Spirit: Cultivating morale among employees is


important for individual and group performance.

4. Roles and Skills of Managers

- Managerial Levels:

- Top-level Managers: Focus on long-term strategies, overall efficiency, and


organizational development.
- Middle-level Managers: Responsible for department management and
tactical decisions.

- Frontline/Lower-level Managers: Supervise daily operations and act as


bridges between management and non-management employees.

- Managerial Skills:

- Conceptual Skills: Ability to solve complex problems and think strategically.

- Human Skills: Ability to effectively interact with and relate to people.

- Technical Skills: Proficiency in using specialized knowledge and tools to


perform tasks.

5. Forms of Business Organizations

- Sole Proprietorship: Owned by one individual, simple and least costly to


start.

- Advantages: Easy to start and dissolve, fast decision-making, full control.

- Disadvantages: Limited capital, limited life, owner's unlimited liability.

- Partnership: Owned by two or more individuals pooling resources.

- Advantages: Easy to form, higher capital, suited to professional practices.

- Disadvantages: Limited life, partners can be held liable for each other's
actions, potential for conflicts.

- Corporation: A separate legal entity with ownership divided into shares of


stock.

- Advantages: Legal entity status, greater access to funds, easy transfer of


ownership, unlimited life.

- Disadvantages: More regulations, profit taxed twice, potential for abuse of


power by officers.

- Cooperative: A registered association of people with common interests,


working together to meet needs.

- Advantages: Unlimited members, democratic organization, serves


members' needs.
- Disadvantages: Difficulty attracting capital, lack of membership
participation.

6. Economic Roles of Business Organizations

- Provide Employment: Create job opportunities and contribute to


economic growth.

- Drive the Economy through Investment: Encourage investment by


generating profits and expanding operations.

- Production of Goods and Services: Meet consumer needs and drive


innovation.

- Increase Government Revenue: Contribute to government revenue


through tax payments.

7. Environmental Scanning

- Definition: Systematic monitoring of external and internal forces that can


impact an organization's performance.

- Importance: Understanding environmental changes helps organizations


adapt, capitalize on opportunities, and mitigate threats.

- Components:

- General Business Environment: Economic, sociocultural, politico-legal,


demographic, technological, world, and ecological situations.

- Specific Business Environment: Stakeholders, customers, pressure


groups, investors/owners, employees.

- Internal Business Environment: Resources, research and development,


production, procurement, products and services.

8. PEST Analysis

- A strategic framework for evaluating the external environment by


considering:

- Political Factors: Government policies and actions (e.g., tax laws,


regulations).
- Economic Factors: Economic conditions (e.g., growth rates, interest
rates, inflation).

- Social Factors: Cultural and demographic trends (e.g., values, population


growth).

- Technological Factors: Technological advancements (e.g., innovations,


automation).

9. Cultural Intelligence

- Understanding and adapting to different cultures is crucial for success in a


globalized business environment.

10. Time Orientation

- Monochromic Cultures: Focus on doing one thing at a time, emphasizing


punctuality and adherence to schedules.

- Polychromic Cultures: More flexible with time, often multitasking and


less strict about schedules.

11. Hofstede's Five Cultural Dimensions

- Power Distance: Acceptance of unequal power distribution in society and


organizations.

- Uncertainty Avoidance: Level of comfort with risk, change, and


uncertainty.

- Individualism-Collectivism: Emphasis on individual vs. collective


accomplishments.

- Masculinity-Femininity: Values related to assertiveness, material


success, and relationships.

- Time Orientation: Focus on short-term vs. long-term thinking.

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