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Lect01 2

The document outlines the data analysis process, emphasizing the importance of data wrangling, which includes data import and transformation. It introduces the tidyverse, a collection of R packages designed for data science, and highlights key functions for data manipulation. Additionally, it provides examples of importing data into R and using dplyr for data manipulation tasks.

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7 views19 pages

Lect01 2

The document outlines the data analysis process, emphasizing the importance of data wrangling, which includes data import and transformation. It introduces the tidyverse, a collection of R packages designed for data science, and highlights key functions for data manipulation. Additionally, it provides examples of importing data into R and using dplyr for data manipulation tasks.

Uploaded by

bear.c
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 1-2: Data wrangling

BTBI30081
統計應用方法

2025/2/19

1
Data analysis process
1. Data import (tidying data)
2. Data transformation (data manipulation)
3. Data visualization
4. Modeling

Each of these steps need their own tools and software


to complete

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Bottlenecks in data analysis
 One of the most time-consuming aspects of the
data analysis process is “data wrangling” or “data
munging”
 Import, clean and transform messy data into a format
that is useful for data visualization and modeling
 Refer to the first two steps in the data analysis process

3
Package: tidyverse
 The tidyverse is a collection of R packages designed
for data science
 The core tidyverse includes the packages

tibble simple data frames


readr read rectangular text data
dplyr a grammar of data manipulation
tidyr easily tidy data
ggplot2 grammar of graphics
purrr functional programming tools
4
 tibble, readr, tidyr, dplyr in tidyverse are for data
wrangling

5
Data import
 The first step in data analysis is importing the data
into the R environment

6
 The are several function in the base package
available for reading data
 read.table – sep=“” (white space)
 read.csv – sep=“,” (comma)
 read.delim – sep=“\t” (Tab)
 These functions are identical except for the “field
separator character” are different.
 If it does not contain an absolute path, the file name is
relative to the current working directory, getwd().

7
Example
 We took a poll of our students to obtain (self-
reported) height and gender. Our task is to
describe this list of heights.

8
Different ways to import data into R

 Option 1: Download file with your browser to your


working directory
 Option 2: Read from within R
 Option 3: Download from within R
 RMD_example 01-2.1

9
Data types
 dat <- read.csv(filename)
 We make assignments in R: “<-”
 We put the content of what comes out of read.csv into
an object “dat”
 The data type of dat is “data.frame”– one the most
widely used data types in R

10
Tidy data type: tibble
 tibble (or tbl_df) is a modern reimagining of the
data.frame, keeping what time has proven to be
effective, and throwing out what is not
 In tidyverse, all functions adopt and produce tibble–
one of the unifying features of the tidyverse
 Creating tibble: RMD_example 01-2.2

11
Data import with readr
 We can use the functions in readr package in
tidyverse to import data, which will create tibble
data type
 read_csv
 read_tsc
 read_delim
 RMD_example 01-2.2

12
Data manipulation with base
functions
 Extracting columns, Quick review of vectors,
Coercion
 RMD_example 01-2.3

13
Data manipulation with dplyr
 Important dplyr functions to remember

select() select columns


mutate() create new columns
filter() filter rows
arrange() arrange or re-order rows
group_by() grouping operations
summarise() summarise values
 RMD_example 01-2.4
14
Joining
two
data
frames
in dplyr

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More data transformation with dplyr

 https://rstudio.github.io/cheatsheets/html/data-
transformation.html

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