Oral Communication

Introduction to Communication that has to connect us across the world.

Zoom, Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, and
What is communication? others have added a new dynamic to how
we communicate with one another. This
includes signs and symbols that
 A two-way process of exchanging ideas,
communicate a concept or the use of
information, and data between two or more audiovisual aids for presentations.
individuals.
4. Written - This is communication that is
 A process of transmitting and receiving written in many forms, from emails and texts
verbal and non-verbal messages. to old fashioned pen and paper.
 It cannot be done with one person because Patterns of Communication
there has to be a sender and a receiver.
1. Circle Pattern - the sender can
 Cooperation with both parties is essential in communicate with the present receivers
communication because if one party is next to him/her. No other group members
imparting ideas to another party, and is can receive the sender's message directly
reaching mutual understanding, and they receive messages from the other
communication takes place. group members who share the message
from the sender. The sender's message
 Communication is carried out with some travels all over the group through sharing by
purpose or objective. its members and it will take time to reach
the sender again.
Key factors to successful communication:
2. Chain Pattern - the sender and the
 Speaking receivers form a straight line and
 Listening communicate. The sender's message will be
 Understanding passed to one member and this member will
pass the message to the next member and
Communication can be shown in 5 ways: so forth until the last member. The problems
are the same with the Circle Pattern. In
1. Verbal - verbal, spoken language and addition, the last member receives the
includes not only the language and words modified messages from the leader. In this
spoken but the tone they are spoken in, the case, the leader can't find whether the last
cadence and speed, as well as formal member receives the correct information or
versus informal language. not because there is no feedback to identify
 Methods to improve verbal the message distortion.
communication:
o Speed 3. Y – Pattern - a more complicated pattern
o Pronunciation and also has a communication problem that
o Confidence appears in both circle and chain patterns.
o Punctuation The group is separated into three and the
o Content group members can communicate with the
other member's group through the leader
2. Non-verbal - this includes posture, facial only.
expressions, kinesics (gestures), and
oculesics (eye movements and behavior). 4. Wheel Pattern - one of the best patterns
American Sign Language (ASL), which is an compared to the other three. The leader has
officially recognized language, also falls into direct contact with all the group members
nonverbal types of communication. and there are no communication problems,
time issues, and feedback from the group
3. Visual - Social media has provided the members. But all the group members can’t
world with a type of visual communication connect.
Oral Communication

Functions of Communication communication – the sender and

recipient/receiver.
 It can be divided into three broad groups:
Lumen Lerning enumerated the major functions of Listening, Speaking, and Environmental.
communication within a group of organizations.
These are: 1. Listening Barriers:
 Interrupting the speaker.
 Control – to comply or to control behavior.  Not maintaining eye contact with the
 Motivation – to encourage and motivate speaker.
people.  Rushing the speaker to complete what
 Informational – to disseminate information. he/she has to say.
 Emotional Expression – to express  Making the speaker feel like he/she is
emotions and interact socially. wasting the listener's time.
 Being distracted by something that is not
Why Communication is Important? part of the ongoing communication.
 Getting ahead of the speaker and
completing his/her thoughts.
 Communication is important because it
helps us to understand and learn. It is the  Ignoring the speaker's request
best way to express our feelings in different
types of situations and to different types of 2. Speaking Barriers:
people.  Unclear messages.
 Lack of consistency in the
 Communication allows us to interact and communication process.
share our ideas so we can exercise our  Incomplete sentences.
minds in critical thinking.  Not understanding the receiver.
 Not seeking clarifications while
Miscommunication speaking.

 The failure to communicate adequately or 3. Environmental Barriers:

not being able to express ideas or thoughts  An individual’s subjective viewpoint
correctly. It is among many communication toward issues/people leads to
barriers. assumptions.
 A miscommunicated message or word is  An emotional block, can lead to an
wrongly perceived by the listeners, as they attitude of indifference, suspicion, or
could not interpret the actual meaning of the hostility towards the subject.
speaker.  An emotional block or bias that is based
on a third party's viewpoint, or on what
Barriers to Communication you have read/heard.
 Words can have different meanings to
 Communication is not always successful. different people, thus blocking
Several things can prevent the message communication.
from reaching the intended recipient or from  Use of negative words.
having the desired effect on the recipient.
 There may be some fault in the
communication system which may prevent Nature and Process of
the message from reaching. Communication
 Some of these defects are in the
mechanical devices used for transmitting –
medium, some are in tools we use for Elements of Communication
communication – language, and some are
like persons who are engaged in
 Creative Commons Attribution (2012) and
Lunenburg (2010) explained that the quality
Oral Communication

of communication is determined by the 4. The receiver gets the message.

elements in the process. 5. The receiver decodes or interprets the
1. Speaker – the source of information or message based on the context.
message. 6. The receiver sends or provides feedback.

2. Message – the information conveyed by the

speaker.
3. Encoding – process of converting the Models of Communication
message into words, actions or other forms.

4. Channel – the medium, carrier, or the Model of Communication refers to a systematic

means of the messages. and comprehensive depiction of the
communication process mainly used as an
5. Decoding – the process of interpreting the illustration to explain how this concept works.
encoded message of the speaker by the
receiver. Model Classifications of Communication

6. Receiver – the recipient of the message.

1. Linear Model – The simplest model of
7. Feedback – the reactions, responses communication and known as the “one-way
provided by the receiver. communication.” Linear models of
communication suggest that communication
8. DContext – the environment where the takes place only in one direction.
communication takes place.

9. Noise/Barrier – also called as interference,

is anything that block or affects the flow of
communication process.

Process of Communication

 The communication process refers to the

way of sharing information verbally or non-
verbally between the sender and receiver.

 Aristotle’s Model – The oldest

communication model to exist. The
model’s main purpose was to
showcase the precise ways one can
be an effective communicator.

 Speaker – Speech –
Audience – Effect

 The Shannon-Weaver Model – The

most popular communication model
1. The speaker generates an idea. to date and the first model to
2. The speaker encodes an idea or converts introduce noise. They were
the idea into words or actions. mathematicians who wanted to find
3. The speaker transmits or sends out a better communication channels for
message. WW2, which by consequence,