TOPIC 1: Design and Construction of Arduino Base Home automation using Internet of things(IoT)

INTRODUCTION

Automation is the implementation of a mechanical or electronic system or tool to automatically

Home automation also known as house control, smart home, intelligent home is a set of devices,
systems or subsystems in a residential environment that are linked in a unique way, which enables
automatic control of individual devices or systems. When such a system is connected to the internet,
they become an important constituent of Internet of Things (IoT).

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

An individual either healthy or sick might want to provide centralized device control, or device control
either while present or absent from home. In most cases the system and designs available to meet these
need are either inefficient or costly. Thus, an Arduino based home automation is an attempt in providing
the necessary designs and machinery that meets these needs, reduce labour and energy wastages as
well as curtail disasters that may result from appliances one might forget to put off when power was
interrupted.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES

Aim : The Aim of this project is to construct a Microcontroller based home automation using Internet of
Things.

Objectives :

1.To determine the sensor and component required achieve basic home automation.

2.To develop a C++ code to interface the sensor and relay to the microcontroller and then to the
internet.

3.To synchronize both the mechanical, electrical and the other components as a system that will
effectively carryout the operation.

PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT:

The main purpose of this Arduino Base Home automation project is to automatic control of home
appliances using internet of things within or from a far visinity of the environment and also monitor the
temperature of the environment.

COMPONENTS

ESP32 microcontroller

Wi-fi module ESp8266

Sensor (DHT11 Temperature sensor)

Home appliances e.g bulb

Bread Board

Power supply (Dc-Dc converter)

METHODOLOGY

The method to be used in the design and construction of an IOT home automation has two basic parts
namely the hardware and software parts. The hardware system will consist of ESP32 board, wi-fi
module,sensors, replay and home appliance. The software system will consist of the program written
(Arduino sketch) and the develop Blynk dashboard that can be access from any device on the internet to
instruct the Arduino microcontroller .

COST

The cost of this project is estimated to the sum of #50,000

EXPECTED RESULT

To successfully develop system that should enable remote monitoring and control of home appliances,
lighting, security cameras, door locks, and HVAC systems via a smartphone app or voice assistant. It
should also feature automation based on schedules, sensor inputs, or user preferences, improving
energy management and reducing costs.

TOPIC 2: Design and Construction of Automatic Temperature Control of Fan Speed

INTRODUCTION

Temperature control is an essential aspect of many applications, such as air conditioning, industrial
processes, and electronic cooling. Manually adjusting the speed of cooling fans can be inefficient and
inconvenient. Therefore, an automatic temperature-controlled fan system is an efficient solution to
regulate temperature without human intervention.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

This project aims to develop a fan speed control system that adjusts automatically based on
temperature, humidity, or user preferences. By using sensors and a microcontroller, the system will
optimize comfort while reducing energy waste. The solution is particularly useful for homes, offices, and
industrial applications where maintaining an optimal airflow is essential.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES

OBJECTIVES:

1.The main objectives of this project include:

2.To develop a system that automatically adjusts the fan speed based on temperature variations.

3.To use a temperature sensor DHT11 for real-time temperature monitoring.

4.To integrate a microcontroller ESP8266 for processing temperature data.

5.To control a DC or AC fan speed using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) or voltage regulation.

6.To provide an energy-efficient solution that optimizes power consumption.

PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The main purpose of this automatic temperature fan speed control is to control the temperature of any
device like fan and other electronic devices whose temperature keeps fluctuating and needs a constant
watch.

COMPONENTS:

Microcontroller – Arduino Uno, PIC, or ESP8266

Temperature Sensor – DHT11 temperature sensor

DC/AC Fan – A cooling fan of appropriate power rating

Motor Driver Module – MOSFET for speed control

Power Supply – 9V/12V DC adapter or battery

Resistors, Capacitors, and Connecting wires

METHODOLOGY

Automatic temperature control of fan speed is a crucial mechanism in modern cooling systems, ensuring
efficient heat dissipation while optimizing power consumption. The system operates using a closed-loop
control method, where a temperature sensor continuously monitors the ambient temperature and
adjusts the fan speed accordingly. The primary hardware components include a temperature sensor
such as DHT11, a microcontroller such as ESP32 , a fan (DC or AC), and a motor driver or PWM controller
to regulate the fan’s speed. The microcontroller processes real-time temperature data and determines
the necessary fan speed based on predefined thresholds.

The software system is responsible for executing the control logic. It involves reading temperature
sensor values, comparing them to preset thresholds, and determining the appropriate fan speed. The
most common method for fan speed control is Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), where the
microcontroller adjusts the duty cycle of a signal to regulatefanspeed.

COST:

The project is estimated to cost the sum of #40,000

EXPECTED RESULT

To successfully implemented an automatic fan speed control system based on real-time temperature
readings. Using a temperature sensor (DHT11), the system detects the ambient temperature and adjusts
the fan speed accordingly using a microcontroller ESP8266 and a motor driver circuit. At lower
temperatures, the fan runs at a reduced speed, conserving energy, while at higher temperatures, it
increases speed to enhance cooling efficiency.