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Chapter 11 - Minerals - Summary

Chapter 11 of the Geography syllabus covers mineral resources in India, focusing on iron ore, manganese, copper, and bauxite, including their uses and distribution. Iron ore is vital for steel production, while manganese is essential for smelting and batteries. Copper is important for electrical applications, and bauxite is the primary source of aluminum, used in various industries.

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Shreya Gawde
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24 views3 pages

Chapter 11 - Minerals - Summary

Chapter 11 of the Geography syllabus covers mineral resources in India, focusing on iron ore, manganese, copper, and bauxite, including their uses and distribution. Iron ore is vital for steel production, while manganese is essential for smelting and batteries. Copper is important for electrical applications, and bauxite is the primary source of aluminum, used in various industries.

Uploaded by

Shreya Gawde
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STD X – GEOGRAPHY - SUMMARY

CHAPTER 11 – MINERAL RESOURCES


Syllabus
Mineral resources:

Iron Ore, Manganese, Copper, Bauxite – Uses and their distribution.

❖ Different Minerals Found in India:


➢ Iron Ore: Iron ore forms the backbone of modern civilization and
foundation of our basic industry
▪ Varieties of Iron Ore Found in India:

MAGNETITE HAEMATITE LIMONITE


1. Colour Dark brown to Reddish Yellow or light brown
blackish
2. Known as Black ore Red ore
3. Iron 70% pure iron 60%-70% pure 35%-50% pure iron
content iron
4. Distribution Tamil Nadu & Odisha, Garhwal
Karnataka Jharkhand, (Uttarakhand),
Chhattisgarh, Mirzapur district in
Karnataka & UP,
Maharashtra. Kangra Valley
(Himachal Pradesh).

▪ Uses of Iron Ore


• 90% of Iron-ore is used to make steel.
• It is use for construction, automobiles and other forms of
transportation such as trucks, trains & train-tracks.
• Powered Iron – It is used in manufacturing magnets, high
frequency cores, auto parts, metallurgy products and catalysts.
• Radioactive Iron (59% iron) – Is used in medicine as tracer
element and in biochemical and metallurgical research.

[Date] 1
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STD X – GEOGRAPHY - SUMMARY

➢ Manganese: Manganese is a black, hard and iron like metal which occurs
as natural oxide.
▪ Distribution of Manganese: Main deposits of manganese are
located in the following states:
• Madhya Pradesh (leading producer): Chhindwara, Balaghat,
Mandla, Jabalpur
• Orissa: Keonjhar, Mayurbhanj.
• Maharashtra: Nagpur and Bhandara districts.
• Andhra Pradesh – Vishakhapatnam, Srikakulam & Vizianagaram.
• Telangana - Adilabad.
• Jharkhand – Singhbhum, Palamau, Chaibasa
• Rajasthan – Udaipur, Pali, Banswara
• Goa – Sanguem
• Karnataka – Belgaum, Chitradurga, North Kanara, Tumkur,
Devangere, Sandur, Shimoga.
➢ Uses of Manganese:
▪ It is an important raw material for smelting of iron-ore and also used
for manufacturing Ferro- alloys.
▪ Used in dry cell batteries.
▪ For manufacturing black enamel.

➢ Copper: Copper is an important non-ferrous metal. It is the earliest metal


used by man.
▪ Distribution of Copper: India is critically deficient in copper and has
to import copper to fulfil its needs. The main areas where copper is
found in India are:
• Madhya Pradesh – Balaghat, Betul, Jabalpur.
• Rajasthan – Ajmer, Bharaatpur, Bhilwara, Bundi, Chittorgarh,
Jaipur, Pali, Udaipur, Sirohi, Sikar, etc.
• Maharashtra – Nagpur, Bhandara, Chandrapur, Gadchiroli

[Date] 2
Hasmita Shah, B/203, Gokul Divine, Off S.V.Road, Irla, VIle Parle (West), Mumbai 400056.
Mob:9699926941
STD X – GEOGRAPHY - SUMMARY

• Jharkhand – Singhbhum
• Andhra Pradesh – Guntoor, Kurnool and Prakasam
▪ Uses of Copper:
• It is used for making electric wires and other equipment.
• It is used in automobile and defence industries.
• It is alloyed with iron and nickel to make stainless steel, which is
used to make utensils and other objects.

➢ Bauxite: India is 5th largest producer in the world.


▪ The main reserves are found in the following states:
• Madhya Pradesh (leading)– Amarkantak plateau, Jabalpur,
Balaghat, Mandla, Shahdol district.
• Jharkhand – Ranchi & Palamau districts.
• Gujarat: - Jamnagar, Kutch & Surat.
• Maharashtra – Thane, Kolhapur, Satara & Ratnagiri districts.
• Karnataka – Belgaum mainly at Karle hills.
• Tamil Nadu – Salem, Coimbatore, Madura & Nilgiris.
• Goa – Mopa and Pernum.
• Odisha – Kalahandi & Sambalpur
• Chhattisgarh – Durg, Bilaspur & Raigarh
▪ Uses of Bauxite:
• Bauxite is the main source of Aluminium, which is light weight,
strong and rust resistant.
• Aluminium is used in aircrafts, automobiles, rail wagons, coaches,
shipping industry and household appliances.
• It is used in electrical equipment industry. (transmission lines and
cables

[Date] 3
Hasmita Shah, B/203, Gokul Divine, Off S.V.Road, Irla, VIle Parle (West), Mumbai 400056.
Mob:9699926941

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