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Unit 1: Number System & Logic Gates: UE20EC205 Notes

The document provides an overview of logic gates, including NOT, AND, OR, and their respective Boolean equations and truth tables. It explains the function of buffers, multiple-input gates, and specific examples like XNOR and NOR gates. The content emphasizes the relationship between binary inputs and outputs in digital circuits.

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7 views4 pages

Unit 1: Number System & Logic Gates: UE20EC205 Notes

The document provides an overview of logic gates, including NOT, AND, OR, and their respective Boolean equations and truth tables. It explains the function of buffers, multiple-input gates, and specific examples like XNOR and NOR gates. The content emphasizes the relationship between binary inputs and outputs in digital circuits.

Uploaded by

BUSHANA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UE20EC205

Notes

Unit 1: Number System & Logic Gates


LOGIC GATES:

• Logic gates are simple digital circuits that take one or more binary inputs and produce a
binary output. Logic gates are drawn with a symbol showing the input (or inputs) and
the output.

• The relationship between the inputs and the output can be described with a truth table
or a Boolean equation.

• A Boolean equation is a mathematical expression using binary variables.

NOT Gate:

• A NOT gate has one input, A, and one output, Y, as shown in Figure. The NOT gate’s
output is the inverse of its input. If A is FALSE, then Y is TRUE. If A is TRUE, then Y is
FALSE.

• The NOT gate is also called an inverter. Other texts use a variety of notations for NOT,
including Y =A′, Y = ¬A, Y = !A or Y = ~A. We will use Y = ̅ exclusively.

Buffer

• The other one-input logic gate is called a buffer and is shown in Figure.

• It simply copies the input to the output.

• The triangle symbol indicates a buffer.

• A circle on the output is called a bubble and indicates inversion.


AND Gate:

• The AND gate shown in Figure produces a TRUE output, Y, if and only if both A and B are
TRUE. Otherwise, the output is FALSE.

• The Boolean equation for an AND gate can be written in several ways: Y = A • B, Y = AB,
or Y = A ∩ B.

OR Gate:

• The OR gate shown in Figure produces a TRUE output, Y, if either A or B (or both) are
TRUE.

• The Boolean equation for an OR gate is written as Y = A + B or Y = A ∪ B.

• Digital designers normally use the + notation, Y = A + B is pronounced “Y equals A or B.”


Other Two-Input Gates:

Other Two-Input Gates:

Example: XNOR GATE

Figure shows the symbol and Boolean equation for a two-input XNOR gate that
performs the inverse of an XOR. Complete the truth table.

Solution:

The two-input XNOR gate is sometimes called an equality gate because its output is
TRUE when the inputs are equal.

Multiple-Input Gates:

• Many Boolean functions of three or more inputs exist. The most common are AND, OR,
XOR, NAND, NOR, and XNOR.

• An N-input AND gate produces a TRUE output when all N inputs are TRUE.

• An N-input OR gate produces a TRUE output when at least one input is TRUE.
THREE-INPUT NOR GATE:

Example: Figure shows the symbol and Boolean equation for a three-input NOR gate.
Complete the truth table.

Solution: Figure shows the truth table. The output is TRUE only if none of the inputs are
TRUE.

Example: FOUR-INPUT AND GATE

• Figure shows the symbol and Boolean equation for a four-input AND gate. Create a truth
table.

• Solution: Figure shows the truth table. The output is TRUE only if all of the inputs are
TRUE.

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